Climate and average weather in Palmerston
In Palmerston, the weather is muggy, sweltering, wet, and mostly clear and remarkably steady, with daytime highs holding near sweltering levels all year. The wettest stretch peaks around January.
Over the course of the year, the temperature in Palmerston typically varies from 18°C to 35°C, and is rarely below 15°C or above 38°C. October is the hottest month of the year, while February is the coldest.
Based on the travel score, the best time of year to visit Palmerston for warm-weather activities is from mid May to late August.
- Hottest
- Oct
- 35°
- Coldest
- Feb
- 25°
- Wettest
- Jan
- 439 mm
- Driest
- Jul
- 1 mm
- Rain / yr
- 1832 mm
- 147 wet days
- Daylight
- 11.3–12.7 h
- shortest–longest
- Elevation
- 36 m
- 12.5°S
- Clearest
- Jul
- 33% cloud
Palmerston is planned satellite city of Darwin, in the Northern Territory, Australia.
- Air quality
- Good
- PM2.5 9.8 µg/m³ · 2019
- Density
- 637/km²
- people per km²
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Palmerston weather by month, at a glance
The whole year in one picture — sky, rain, humidity, temperature and travel score. Click any band to jump to its full chart.
Each stripe is one measure across the whole year, stacked so a single day reads top to bottom. The sky band runs overcast grey on top down to clear blue at the base — more blue means sunnier — followed by the rainfall curve, the humidity band, a temperature strip that tints each stretch of the year by how warm its average high is, and the travel-score line at the foot. Scan straight down any date to read that day across every measure at once; the score climbs highest around mid May to late August.
Temperature through the year
Daily average highs and lows in Palmerston, from 1991–2020 of climate data. The shaded bands show the range most days fall in — 10th to 90th percentile.
Temperatures in Palmerston stay fairly even through the year, without a distinct hot or cool season. The warmest month is October, with an average high of 35°C and low of 24°C; the coolest is February, with an average low of 25°C and high of 32°C.
Days typically run about 11°C warmer than nights, with the widest day–night swing (around 14°C) in August.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 32 | 32 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 32 | 32 | 33 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 33 |
| Avg low (°C) | 25 | 25 | 25 | 23 | 21 | 19 | 18 | 19 | 22 | 24 | 25 | 25 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 32 | 25 |
| Feb | 32 | 25 |
| Mar | 33 | 25 |
| Apr | 33 | 23 |
| May | 33 | 21 |
| Jun | 32 | 19 |
| Jul | 32 | 18 |
| Aug | 33 | 19 |
| Sep | 35 | 22 |
| Oct | 35 | 24 |
| Nov | 35 | 25 |
| Dec | 33 | 25 |
How hot and cold Palmerston really feels
The felt-temperature range through the year — heat index on the day's high (summer humidity), wind chill on the night's low (winter wind). The dashed lines are the plain thermometer; the gap is how much hotter or colder it really feels.
On the hottest afternoons, once humidity is folded in, Palmerston feels like about 42°C (around December 9). About 322 days a year carry some heat stress, and 179 of them tip into dangerous heat (feels-like above 39°C), peaking in December.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feels-like high (°C) | 40 | 40 | 40 | 38 | 34 | 32 | 32 | 33 | 36 | 39 | 41 | 41 |
| Air high (°C) | 32 | 32 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 32 | 32 | 33 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 33 |
| Feels-like low (°C) | 25 | 25 | 24 | 23 | 21 | 19 | 18 | 19 | 22 | 24 | 25 | 25 |
| Air low (°C) | 25 | 25 | 25 | 23 | 21 | 19 | 18 | 19 | 22 | 24 | 25 | 25 |
| Feels-like high (°C) | Air high (°C) | Feels-like low (°C) | Air low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 40 | 32 | 25 | 25 |
| Feb | 40 | 32 | 25 | 25 |
| Mar | 40 | 33 | 24 | 25 |
| Apr | 38 | 33 | 23 | 23 |
| May | 34 | 33 | 21 | 21 |
| Jun | 32 | 32 | 19 | 19 |
| Jul | 32 | 32 | 18 | 18 |
| Aug | 33 | 33 | 19 | 19 |
| Sep | 36 | 35 | 22 | 22 |
| Oct | 39 | 35 | 24 | 24 |
| Nov | 41 | 35 | 25 | 25 |
| Dec | 41 | 33 | 25 | 25 |
Average hourly temperature in Palmerston
A compact picture of the whole year, hour by hour: each column is a day, each row an hour, and the color is the modeled average temperature. Darker overlays mark night, lighter ones the civil-twilight hours around sunrise and sunset.
Read left to right for the day of the year and top to bottom for the hour of the day; the color is the modeled temperature, cool blues through to hot reds on the same scale as the other charts. A vertical slice is a single day's swing — coolest just before dawn, warmest in the mid-afternoon — while a horizontal slice follows one hour across the seasons. The darker overlay marks night and the lighter one the twilight around sunrise and sunset. Colors run warmest on October afternoons, near 35°C, and coldest before dawn in February, near 25°C.
Palmerston weather by month
Every month at a glance. Click a month for its detailed page.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 32° / 25° | 439 | 28.3 | 12.7 | 2.2 |
| Feb | 32° / 25° | 393 | 25.9 | 12.4 | 2.3 |
| Mar | 33° / 25° | 304 | 23.7 | 12.1 | 2.5 |
| Apr | 33° / 23° | 100 | 9.5 | 11.7 | 3.3 |
| May | 33° / 21° | 15 | 2.6 | 11.4 | 4.3 |
| Jun | 32° / 19° | 2 | 0.4 | 11.3 | 5.3 |
| Jul | 32° / 18° | 1 | 0.2 | 11.3 | 5.3 |
| Aug | 33° / 19° | 1 | 0.2 | 11.6 | 4.5 |
| Sep | 35° / 22° | 12 | 2.7 | 11.9 | 3.1 |
| Oct | 35° / 24° | 58 | 9.3 | 12.3 | 2.4 |
| Nov | 35° / 25° | 175 | 19.3 | 12.6 | 2.1 |
| Dec | 33° / 25° | 332 | 25.3 | 12.7 | 2.2 |
Chance of rain
How likely it is to rain on a typical day, and how that shifts across the wetter and drier seasons.
Palmerston gets about 1832 mm of precipitation a year. On a typical day the chance of rain is often wet, but that rises and falls sharply with the seasons.
The wetter season lasts 5.4 months, from around Oct 28 to Apr 10, peaking in January at about 93% chance on a given day. The drier stretch runs the rest of the year, bottoming out around Jul 19.
January is the wettest month by volume, with 439 mm over about 28 wet days; July is the driest, with 1 mm.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain on a day (%) | 91 | 92 | 76 | 33 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 30 | 63 | 81 |
| Rain days | 28 | 26 | 24 | 10 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 9 | 19 | 25 |
| Rain on a day (%) | Rain days | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 91 | 28 |
| Feb | 92 | 26 |
| Mar | 76 | 24 |
| Apr | 33 | 10 |
| May | 8 | 3 |
| Jun | 2 | 0 |
| Jul | 1 | 0 |
| Aug | 1 | 0 |
| Sep | 9 | 3 |
| Oct | 30 | 9 |
| Nov | 63 | 19 |
| Dec | 81 | 25 |
Monthly rainfall
Over a full year, Palmerston collects about 1832 mm of rain across 147 wet days — roughly 153 mm in an average month.
It doesn’t fall evenly. January is the wettest month with 439 mm, while July is the driest at just 1 mm. The three wettest months alone bring about 64% of the year’s total.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rainfall (mm) | 439 | 393 | 304 | 100 | 15 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 12 | 58 | 175 | 332 |
| Rain days | 28 | 26 | 24 | 10 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 9 | 19 | 25 |
| Rainfall (mm) | Rain days | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 439 | 28 |
| Feb | 393 | 26 |
| Mar | 304 | 24 |
| Apr | 100 | 10 |
| May | 15 | 3 |
| Jun | 2 | 0 |
| Jul | 1 | 0 |
| Aug | 1 | 0 |
| Sep | 12 | 3 |
| Oct | 58 | 9 |
| Nov | 175 | 19 |
| Dec | 332 | 25 |
Clouds and sunshine
How often the daytime sky is clear, partly cloudy or overcast.
In Palmerston, the average share of the sky covered by clouds shows significant seasonal variation over the course of the year.
The clearer part of the year begins around April 17 and lasts for 7.1 months, ending around November 17. The clearest month is July, when the sky is clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 76% of the time on average.
The cloudier part of the year begins around November 18 and lasts for 4.9 months, ending around April 16. The cloudiest month is January, when it is overcast or mostly cloudy 87% of the time.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 13 | 17 | 28 | 51 | 69 | 72 | 76 | 75 | 72 | 71 | 54 | 24 |
| Cloudier (%) | 87 | 83 | 72 | 49 | 31 | 28 | 24 | 25 | 28 | 29 | 46 | 76 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 13 | 87 |
| Feb | 17 | 83 |
| Mar | 28 | 72 |
| Apr | 51 | 49 |
| May | 69 | 31 |
| Jun | 72 | 28 |
| Jul | 76 | 24 |
| Aug | 75 | 25 |
| Sep | 72 | 28 |
| Oct | 71 | 29 |
| Nov | 54 | 46 |
| Dec | 24 | 76 |
Daylight, sunrise and sunset
Hours of daylight through the year, with sunrise and sunset times.
The gold band is daylight — sunrise runs along its lower edge, sunset along the upper — so it widens toward summer and pinches toward winter, with night the dark area above and below. The longest day, around January 1, brings about 12 h 42 min of light; the shortest, around May 27, only 11 h 18 min — a swing of roughly 1 h 24 min.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 12.7 | 12.4 | 12.1 | 11.7 | 11.4 | 11.3 | 11.3 | 11.6 | 11.9 | 12.3 | 12.6 | 12.7 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:36 | 6:48 | 6:53 | 6:55 | 7:00 | 7:08 | 7:12 | 7:03 | 6:42 | 6:23 | 6:14 | 6:20 |
| Sunset (PM) | 7:15 | 7:13 | 6:58 | 6:38 | 6:25 | 6:24 | 6:32 | 6:38 | 6:38 | 6:40 | 6:49 | 7:04 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 12.7 | 6:36 | 7:15 |
| Feb | 12.4 | 6:48 | 7:13 |
| Mar | 12.1 | 6:53 | 6:58 |
| Apr | 11.7 | 6:55 | 6:38 |
| May | 11.4 | 7:00 | 6:25 |
| Jun | 11.3 | 7:08 | 6:24 |
| Jul | 11.3 | 7:12 | 6:32 |
| Aug | 11.6 | 7:03 | 6:38 |
| Sep | 11.9 | 6:42 | 6:38 |
| Oct | 12.3 | 6:23 | 6:40 |
| Nov | 12.6 | 6:14 | 6:49 |
| Dec | 12.7 | 6:20 | 7:04 |
Sunny days
How many genuinely sunny days each month brings — days the sky stays clear or mostly clear — banded into plain-language zones.
Palmerston averages about 10 sunny days a month — counting the days the sky stays clear or mostly clear — with a clear seasonal swing between 1 and 19 days.
The sunnier stretch runs 6.7 months, from around Apr 19 to Nov 8. The sunniest month is July, with roughly 18 sunny days (bright).
The greyest month is January, down near 1 sunny days — about 94% fewer than the July peak.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sunny days | 1 | 1 | 4 | 10 | 15 | 17 | 19 | 18 | 14 | 13 | 9 | 3 |
| Sky | Gloomy | Gloomy | Gloomy | Mixed | Mixed | Bright | Bright | Bright | Mixed | Mixed | Mixed | Gloomy |
| Sunny days | Sky | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 1 | Gloomy |
| Feb | 1 | Gloomy |
| Mar | 4 | Gloomy |
| Apr | 10 | Mixed |
| May | 15 | Mixed |
| Jun | 17 | Bright |
| Jul | 19 | Bright |
| Aug | 18 | Bright |
| Sep | 14 | Mixed |
| Oct | 13 | Mixed |
| Nov | 9 | Mixed |
| Dec | 3 | Gloomy |
Humidity comfort
Share of days at each humidity comfort level, based on the dew point — the measure that tracks how muggy it actually feels.
Humidity comfort is graded by the dew point — the temperature at which the air would be fully saturated — because it tracks how muggy it actually feels far better than relative humidity does. A low dew point feels dry and crisp; a high one feels sticky and oppressive no matter the reading on a humidity gauge.
In Palmerston, how humid it feels changes dramatically over the year.
The more humid part of the year lasts 7.8 months, from around September 11 to May 5. The muggiest month is January, when the air feels humid, muggy or worse about 100% of the time.
The most comfortable stretch runs from around May 6 to September 10, and June is the most comfortable month — the air is dry or comfortable 55% of the time.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 16 | 39 | 41 | 31 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Comfortable (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 11 | 16 | 22 | 18 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Humid (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 19 | 23 | 24 | 28 | 24 | 7 | 0 | 0 |
| Muggy (%) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 21 | 31 | 19 | 13 | 20 | 43 | 34 | 5 | 0 |
| Oppressive (%) | 9 | 11 | 26 | 45 | 22 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 20 | 53 | 61 | 22 |
| Miserable (%) | 91 | 89 | 72 | 23 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 34 | 78 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | Humid (%) | Muggy (%) | Oppressive (%) | Miserable (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 91 |
| Feb | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 89 |
| Mar | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 26 | 72 |
| Apr | 2 | 2 | 7 | 21 | 45 | 23 |
| May | 16 | 11 | 19 | 31 | 22 | 1 |
| Jun | 39 | 16 | 23 | 19 | 4 | 0 |
| Jul | 41 | 22 | 24 | 13 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug | 31 | 18 | 28 | 20 | 3 | 0 |
| Sep | 6 | 7 | 24 | 43 | 20 | 0 |
| Oct | 0 | 1 | 7 | 34 | 53 | 5 |
| Nov | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 61 | 34 |
| Dec | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 22 | 78 |
Wind
Average wind speed through the year, banded into plain-language speed zones so a number reads as 'breezy' or 'calm' without knowing the scale.
This is the average sustained wind speed at the standard 10 metres above open ground — the steady flow a weather station reports, not the sharper gusts that come and go, which can run half again as fast. It's the number that says whether a place is generally breezy or calm.
Across the year, average wind speed in Palmerston is typically calm, near 8 km/h, and varies little with the seasons.
The windier part of the year lasts 3.7 months, from around Apr 26 to Aug 16. The windiest month is June, averaging about 10 km/h (calm).
The calmer part of the year runs from around Aug 17 to Dec 24, with November the calmest month at about 6 km/h.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 8 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 9 | calm |
| Feb | 9 | calm |
| Mar | 8 | calm |
| Apr | 8 | calm |
| May | 9 | calm |
| Jun | 10 | calm |
| Jul | 9 | calm |
| Aug | 8 | calm |
| Sep | 7 | calm |
| Oct | 7 | calm |
| Nov | 6 | calm |
| Dec | 8 | calm |
Hazard calendar for Palmerston
When the seasonal hazards worth planning around — the rainy season, tropical-cyclone risk and dust haze — are active through the year.
Palmerston sits in the South Indian Ocean cyclone belt; the season peaks January–March.
Palmerston's monsoon runs December–March, when most of the year's rain falls.
Best time to visit Palmerston
To characterize how pleasant the weather is in Palmerston throughout the year, we compute two travel scores — one for general sightseeing, one for beach and pool weather.
Around mid August, Palmerston is still near the tail of its best-weather window — great conditions with the peak-season crowds already thinning.
Inferred from the travel-score curve; month-by-month visitor numbers are a planned addition.
The travel score favors clear, rainless days with daytime highs between 18°C and 28°C. Based on this score, the best time of year to visit Palmerston for general outdoor tourist activities is from mid May to late August, with a peak score in the last week of June.
The travel score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Travel score (0–10) | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.5 | 3.3 | 4.3 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 4.5 | 3.1 | 2.4 | 2.1 | 2.2 |
| Rating | poor | poor | poor | poor | fair | fair | fair | fair | poor | poor | poor | poor |
| Travel score (0–10) | Rating | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 2.2 | poor |
| Feb | 2.3 | poor |
| Mar | 2.5 | poor |
| Apr | 3.3 | poor |
| May | 4.3 | fair |
| Jun | 5.2 | fair |
| Jul | 5.3 | fair |
| Aug | 4.5 | fair |
| Sep | 3.1 | poor |
| Oct | 2.4 | poor |
| Nov | 2.1 | poor |
| Dec | 2.2 | poor |
The beach/pool score favors clear, rainless days with daytime highs between 24°C and 34°C. Based on this score, the best time of year to visit Palmerston for hot-weather activities is from late April to mid September, with a peak score in the last week of June.
The beach/pool score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).
What to pack for Palmerston, by month
Month by month, what's worth putting in the bag — from the temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind. Tap a month for a quick packing note.
Palmerston packs about the same all year — highs hold near 35°C. Across the year the things worth having are light clothes, rain gear and sun protection.
In October, Palmerston sees daytime highs around 35°C and nights near 24°C. Pack light clothes and sun protection. Worth having: rain gear. About 9 days see rain.
Sea temperature near Palmerston
Average ocean temperature at the nearest coast, month by month, banded into swim-comfort zones — the other half of the beach question.
The sea at the nearest coast (about 17 km away) is warmest in December at about 31°C and coldest in July near 26°C.
The water stays above 20°C all year — warm enough for a swim any month.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sea temperature (°C) | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 29 | 27 | 26 | 26 | 28 | 30 | 31 | 31 |
| Comfort | Tropical | Tropical | Tropical | Tropical | Tropical | Warm | Warm | Warm | Warm | Tropical | Tropical | Tropical |
| Sea temperature (°C) | Comfort | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 30 | Tropical |
| Feb | 30 | Tropical |
| Mar | 30 | Tropical |
| Apr | 30 | Tropical |
| May | 29 | Tropical |
| Jun | 27 | Warm |
| Jul | 26 | Warm |
| Aug | 26 | Warm |
| Sep | 28 | Warm |
| Oct | 30 | Tropical |
| Nov | 31 | Tropical |
| Dec | 31 | Tropical |
UV index (midday) in Palmerston by month
Clear-sky midday UV index through the year, shaded by the WHO exposure levels — how much sun protection each month calls for.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Palmerston peaks around February 20 at about 16 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near June 18 at about 9 (very high).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 15 | 16 | 16 | 13 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 11 | 13 | 14 | 12 | 13 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | Very high | Very high | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 15 | Extreme |
| Feb | 16 | Extreme |
| Mar | 16 | Extreme |
| Apr | 13 | Extreme |
| May | 10 | Very high |
| Jun | 9 | Very high |
| Jul | 9 | Very high |
| Aug | 11 | Extreme |
| Sep | 13 | Extreme |
| Oct | 14 | Extreme |
| Nov | 12 | Extreme |
| Dec | 13 | Extreme |
Average hourly UV index in Palmerston
Modeled clear-sky UV for every hour of every day — when in the day sun protection actually matters.
The whole year hour by hour: each column is a day, each row an hour, and the color is the modeled clear-sky UV index — the midday peak scaled down as the sun sits lower in the sky. Darker overlays mark night, lighter ones the civil-twilight hours around sunrise and sunset.
UV falls off far faster than brightness as the sun drops, so even in February the burn window is concentrated in the middle of the day: about 8.5 hours a day reach index 3 (protection recommended), and 7 hours reach 6 or more. Mornings and late afternoons stay comparatively gentle year round.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV ≥ 3 (h/day) | 8.5 | 8.5 | 8.5 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7.5 | 8 | 8.5 | 8 | 8.5 |
| UV ≥ 6 (h/day) | 7 | 7 | 6.5 | 6 | 5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 5.5 | 6 | 6.5 | 6 | 6.5 |
| UV ≥ 3 (h/day) | UV ≥ 6 (h/day) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 8.5 | 7 |
| Feb | 8.5 | 7 |
| Mar | 8.5 | 6.5 |
| Apr | 8 | 6 |
| May | 7 | 5 |
| Jun | 7 | 4.5 |
| Jul | 7 | 4.5 |
| Aug | 7.5 | 5.5 |
| Sep | 8 | 6 |
| Oct | 8.5 | 6.5 |
| Nov | 8 | 6 |
| Dec | 8.5 | 6.5 |
Air quality in Palmerston by month
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see which months the air is worst, not just the yearly average.
Air quality in Palmerston is worst in May — around 19 µg/m³ PM2.5 (moderate), about 3.3× the cleanest month (March, 6 µg/m³).
Seasonal pattern from CAMS reanalysis, scaled to Palmerston's WHO annual average of 9.8 µg/m³.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 6 | 6 | 6 | 8 | 19 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 9 | 7 | 7 | 6 |
| Level | Good | Good | Good | Good | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Good | Good | Good | Good |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 6 | Good |
| Feb | 6 | Good |
| Mar | 6 | Good |
| Apr | 8 | Good |
| May | 19 | Moderate |
| Jun | 14 | Moderate |
| Jul | 15 | Moderate |
| Aug | 15 | Moderate |
| Sep | 9 | Good |
| Oct | 7 | Good |
| Nov | 7 | Good |
| Dec | 6 | Good |
Growing season
Palmerston is frost-free year round — even the coldest nights rarely reach freezing, so there is no start or end to the growing season.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frost-free chance (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Frost nights | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Frost-free chance (%) | Frost nights | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 100 | 0 |
| Feb | 100 | 0 |
| Mar | 100 | 0 |
| Apr | 100 | 0 |
| May | 100 | 0 |
| Jun | 100 | 0 |
| Jul | 100 | 0 |
| Aug | 100 | 0 |
| Sep | 100 | 0 |
| Oct | 100 | 0 |
| Nov | 100 | 0 |
| Dec | 100 | 0 |
Growing degree days
Growing degree days tally heat above 10°C: each day adds however many degrees its average temperature runs over that threshold, and cold days add nothing. Palmerston banks about 6,498 degree days a year, and the running total — which growers use to time plantings and predict maturity — climbs fastest around November.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Growing degree days (°C·days) | 574 | 513 | 572 | 549 | 529 | 462 | 466 | 492 | 548 | 611 | 592 | 592 |
| Growing degree days (°C·days) | |
|---|---|
| Jan | 574 |
| Feb | 513 |
| Mar | 572 |
| Apr | 549 |
| May | 529 |
| Jun | 462 |
| Jul | 466 |
| Aug | 492 |
| Sep | 548 |
| Oct | 611 |
| Nov | 592 |
| Dec | 592 |
Solar energy
Average daily shortwave solar energy reaching the ground, banded into brightness zones so the number means something at a glance.
Solar energy is how much sunlight actually reaches the ground each day, measured in kilowatt-hours per square metre (kWh/m²) — the combined effect of how long the sun is up, how high it climbs, and how much cloud gets in the way. It's the raw fuel a solar panel has to work with: for scale, 1 kWh/m² a day is dim and wintry, while 7+ is desert-bright.
Palmerston receives about 5.9 kWh/m² a day of solar energy on average — bright — with a clear seasonal swing between 5.3 and 6.9 kWh/m².
The brighter stretch of the year lasts 4.3 months, from around Aug 8 to Dec 15. The brightest month is October, averaging about 6.9 kWh/m² (intense).
The dimmest month is February, down near 5.3 kWh/m² — roughly 23% less than the October peak.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 5.4 | 5.3 | 5.7 | 5.8 | 5.5 | 5.3 | 5.5 | 6.1 | 6.6 | 6.9 | 6.7 | 5.9 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 5.4 | Bright |
| Feb | 5.3 | Bright |
| Mar | 5.7 | Bright |
| Apr | 5.8 | Bright |
| May | 5.5 | Bright |
| Jun | 5.3 | Bright |
| Jul | 5.5 | Bright |
| Aug | 6.1 | Intense |
| Sep | 6.6 | Intense |
| Oct | 6.9 | Intense |
| Nov | 6.7 | Intense |
| Dec | 5.9 | Bright |
Where is Palmerston?
Palmerston sits at 12.5°S, 131.0°E, 36 m above sea level, in Australia. The nearest listed city is Darwin, 16 km away.
Topography around Palmerston
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Palmerston.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Palmerston has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 47 m around an average of 25 m above sea level; within 16 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 57 m; within 80 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 229 m.
The land around Palmerston is covered by trees (47%) and artificial surfaces (35%) within 3 km, trees (49%) within 16 km, and trees (40%) and water (39%) within 80 km.
Australia travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 1
- Exercise Normal Precautions
- Power plugs
- Type I
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 90% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $65,130
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.9 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Homicide rate
- 0.9
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 4.9
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Palmerston (-12.486°, 130.9833°, elevation 36 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. Tropical-cyclone seasons are the published climatological basin seasons (NOAA National Hurricane Center / regional warning centres). Sea temperatures are the NOAA OISST v2.1 1991–2020 monthly climatology (public domain), sampled at the nearest ocean point. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).