Climate and average weather in Mbabane
In Mbabane, the weather is warm, wet, and partly cloudy and remarkably steady, with daytime highs holding near warm levels all year. The wettest stretch peaks around January.
Over the course of the year, the temperature in Mbabane typically varies from 8°C to 26°C, and is rarely below 4°C or above 31°C. January is the hottest month of the year, while July is the coldest.
Based on the travel score, the best time of year to visit Mbabane for warm-weather activities is from early April to early October.
- Hottest
- Jan
- 26°
- Coldest
- Jul
- 8°
- Wettest
- Jan
- 217 mm
- Driest
- Jun
- 18 mm
- Rain / yr
- 1277 mm
- 146 wet days
- Daylight
- 10.3–13.7 h
- shortest–longest
- Elevation
- 1,209 m
- 26.3°S
- Clearest
- Jun
- 20% cloud
Mbabane is capital of Eswatini.
- Density
- 508/km²
- people per km²
- Founded
- 1902
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Mbabane weather by month, at a glance
The whole year in one picture — sky, rain, humidity, temperature and travel score. Click any band to jump to its full chart.
Each stripe is one measure across the whole year, stacked so a single day reads top to bottom. The sky band runs overcast grey on top down to clear blue at the base — more blue means sunnier — followed by the rainfall curve, the humidity band, a temperature strip that tints each stretch of the year by how warm its average high is, and the travel-score line at the foot. Scan straight down any date to read that day across every measure at once; the score climbs highest around early April to early October.
Temperature through the year
Daily average highs and lows in Mbabane, from 1991–2020 of climate data. The shaded bands show the range most days fall in — 10th to 90th percentile.
Temperatures in Mbabane stay fairly even through the year, without a distinct hot or cool season. The warmest month is January, with an average high of 26°C and low of 17°C; the coolest is July, with an average low of 8°C and high of 20°C.
Days typically run about 10°C warmer than nights, with the widest day–night swing (around 13°C) in July.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 26 | 25 | 25 | 23 | 22 | 20 | 20 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 24 | 25 |
| Avg low (°C) | 17 | 17 | 16 | 14 | 11 | 8 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 13 | 15 | 16 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 26 | 17 |
| Feb | 25 | 17 |
| Mar | 25 | 16 |
| Apr | 23 | 14 |
| May | 22 | 11 |
| Jun | 20 | 8 |
| Jul | 20 | 8 |
| Aug | 22 | 10 |
| Sep | 23 | 12 |
| Oct | 24 | 13 |
| Nov | 24 | 15 |
| Dec | 25 | 16 |
Average hourly temperature in Mbabane
A compact picture of the whole year, hour by hour: each column is a day, each row an hour, and the color is the modeled average temperature. Darker overlays mark night, lighter ones the civil-twilight hours around sunrise and sunset.
Read left to right for the day of the year and top to bottom for the hour of the day; the color is the modeled temperature, cool blues through to hot reds on the same scale as the other charts. A vertical slice is a single day's swing — coolest just before dawn, warmest in the mid-afternoon — while a horizontal slice follows one hour across the seasons. The darker overlay marks night and the lighter one the twilight around sunrise and sunset. Colors run warmest on January afternoons, near 26°C, and coldest before dawn in July, near 8°C.
Mbabane weather by month
Every month at a glance. Click a month for its detailed page.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 26° / 17° | 217 | 19.7 | 13.5 | 5.3 |
| Feb | 25° / 17° | 176 | 16.6 | 12.9 | 5.5 |
| Mar | 25° / 16° | 159 | 16.8 | 12.2 | 6.0 |
| Apr | 23° / 14° | 78 | 11.3 | 11.4 | 6.9 |
| May | 22° / 11° | 32 | 5.5 | 10.7 | 8.0 |
| Jun | 20° / 8° | 18 | 3.5 | 10.4 | 8.1 |
| Jul | 20° / 8° | 18 | 3.9 | 10.5 | 7.9 |
| Aug | 22° / 10° | 32 | 5.5 | 11.1 | 7.9 |
| Sep | 23° / 12° | 57 | 9 | 11.8 | 7.4 |
| Oct | 24° / 13° | 112 | 15.7 | 12.6 | 6.1 |
| Nov | 24° / 15° | 171 | 18.6 | 13.3 | 5.4 |
| Dec | 25° / 16° | 208 | 19.9 | 13.6 | 5.2 |
Chance of rain
How likely it is to rain on a typical day, and how that shifts across the wetter and drier seasons.
Mbabane gets about 1277 mm of precipitation a year. On a typical day the chance of rain is often wet, but that rises and falls sharply with the seasons.
The wetter season lasts 6.3 months, from around Oct 2 to Apr 12, peaking in November at about 65% chance on a given day. The drier stretch runs the rest of the year, bottoming out around Jun 8.
January is the wettest month by volume, with 217 mm over about 20 wet days; June is the driest, with 18 mm.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain on a day (%) | 63 | 59 | 53 | 38 | 18 | 11 | 13 | 18 | 30 | 50 | 63 | 64 |
| Rain days | 20 | 17 | 17 | 11 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 9 | 16 | 19 | 20 |
| Rain on a day (%) | Rain days | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 63 | 20 |
| Feb | 59 | 17 |
| Mar | 53 | 17 |
| Apr | 38 | 11 |
| May | 18 | 6 |
| Jun | 11 | 4 |
| Jul | 13 | 4 |
| Aug | 18 | 6 |
| Sep | 30 | 9 |
| Oct | 50 | 16 |
| Nov | 63 | 19 |
| Dec | 64 | 20 |
Monthly rainfall
Over a full year, Mbabane collects about 1277 mm of rain across 146 wet days — roughly 106 mm in an average month.
It doesn’t fall evenly. January is the wettest month with 217 mm, while June is the driest at just 18 mm. The three wettest months alone bring about 47% of the year’s total.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rainfall (mm) | 217 | 176 | 159 | 78 | 32 | 18 | 18 | 32 | 57 | 112 | 171 | 208 |
| Rain days | 20 | 17 | 17 | 11 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 9 | 16 | 19 | 20 |
| Rainfall (mm) | Rain days | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 217 | 20 |
| Feb | 176 | 17 |
| Mar | 159 | 17 |
| Apr | 78 | 11 |
| May | 32 | 6 |
| Jun | 18 | 4 |
| Jul | 18 | 4 |
| Aug | 32 | 6 |
| Sep | 57 | 9 |
| Oct | 112 | 16 |
| Nov | 171 | 19 |
| Dec | 208 | 20 |
Clouds and sunshine
How often the daytime sky is clear, partly cloudy or overcast.
In Mbabane, the average share of the sky covered by clouds shows significant seasonal variation over the course of the year.
The clearer part of the year begins around April 9 and lasts for 5.7 months, ending around September 27. The clearest month is June, when the sky is clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 86% of the time on average.
The cloudier part of the year begins around September 28 and lasts for 6.3 months, ending around April 8. The cloudiest month is December, when it is overcast or mostly cloudy 64% of the time.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 40 | 48 | 56 | 66 | 83 | 86 | 85 | 81 | 69 | 47 | 36 | 36 |
| Cloudier (%) | 60 | 52 | 44 | 34 | 17 | 14 | 15 | 19 | 31 | 53 | 64 | 64 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 40 | 60 |
| Feb | 48 | 52 |
| Mar | 56 | 44 |
| Apr | 66 | 34 |
| May | 83 | 17 |
| Jun | 86 | 14 |
| Jul | 85 | 15 |
| Aug | 81 | 19 |
| Sep | 69 | 31 |
| Oct | 47 | 53 |
| Nov | 36 | 64 |
| Dec | 36 | 64 |
Daylight, sunrise and sunset
Hours of daylight through the year, with sunrise and sunset times.
The gold band is daylight — sunrise runs along its lower edge, sunset along the upper — so it widens toward summer and pinches toward winter, with night the dark area above and below. The longest day, around December 21, brings about 13 h 42 min of light; the shortest, around June 21, only 10 h 18 min — a swing of roughly 3 h 24 min.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 13.5 | 12.9 | 12.2 | 11.4 | 10.7 | 10.4 | 10.5 | 11.1 | 11.8 | 12.6 | 13.3 | 13.6 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 5:20 | 5:42 | 5:59 | 6:14 | 6:30 | 6:45 | 6:46 | 6:28 | 5:54 | 5:22 | 5:01 | 5:02 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:49 | 6:38 | 6:11 | 5:37 | 5:13 | 5:07 | 5:16 | 5:32 | 5:45 | 5:59 | 6:20 | 6:41 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 13.5 | 5:20 | 6:49 |
| Feb | 12.9 | 5:42 | 6:38 |
| Mar | 12.2 | 5:59 | 6:11 |
| Apr | 11.4 | 6:14 | 5:37 |
| May | 10.7 | 6:30 | 5:13 |
| Jun | 10.4 | 6:45 | 5:07 |
| Jul | 10.5 | 6:46 | 5:16 |
| Aug | 11.1 | 6:28 | 5:32 |
| Sep | 11.8 | 5:54 | 5:45 |
| Oct | 12.6 | 5:22 | 5:59 |
| Nov | 13.3 | 5:01 | 6:20 |
| Dec | 13.6 | 5:02 | 6:41 |
Sunny days
How many genuinely sunny days each month brings — days the sky stays clear or mostly clear — banded into plain-language zones.
Mbabane averages about 14 sunny days a month — counting the days the sky stays clear or mostly clear — with a clear seasonal swing between 5 and 25 days.
The sunnier stretch runs 5.4 months, from around Apr 15 to Sep 25. The sunniest month is June, with roughly 24 sunny days (brilliant).
The greyest month is December, down near 6 sunny days — about 77% fewer than the June peak.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sunny days | 8 | 8 | 12 | 15 | 22 | 24 | 24 | 22 | 17 | 10 | 6 | 6 |
| Sky | Gloomy | Mixed | Mixed | Mixed | Bright | Brilliant | Brilliant | Bright | Bright | Mixed | Gloomy | Gloomy |
| Sunny days | Sky | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 8 | Gloomy |
| Feb | 8 | Mixed |
| Mar | 12 | Mixed |
| Apr | 15 | Mixed |
| May | 22 | Bright |
| Jun | 24 | Brilliant |
| Jul | 24 | Brilliant |
| Aug | 22 | Bright |
| Sep | 17 | Bright |
| Oct | 10 | Mixed |
| Nov | 6 | Gloomy |
| Dec | 6 | Gloomy |
Humidity comfort
Share of days at each humidity comfort level, based on the dew point — the measure that tracks how muggy it actually feels.
Humidity comfort is graded by the dew point — the temperature at which the air would be fully saturated — because it tracks how muggy it actually feels far better than relative humidity does. A low dew point feels dry and crisp; a high one feels sticky and oppressive no matter the reading on a humidity gauge.
In Mbabane, how humid it feels changes dramatically over the year.
The more humid part of the year lasts 5.2 months, from around November 2 to April 7. The muggiest month is February, when the air feels humid, muggy or worse about 87% of the time.
The most comfortable stretch runs from around April 8 to November 1, and May is the most comfortable month — the air is dry or comfortable 99% of the time.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 2 | 1 | 4 | 29 | 82 | 100 | 100 | 97 | 81 | 43 | 15 | 5 |
| Comfortable (%) | 13 | 12 | 26 | 47 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 18 | 43 | 37 | 22 |
| Humid (%) | 50 | 52 | 54 | 22 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 14 | 41 | 51 |
| Muggy (%) | 35 | 35 | 15 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 23 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | Humid (%) | Muggy (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 2 | 13 | 50 | 35 |
| Feb | 1 | 12 | 52 | 35 |
| Mar | 4 | 26 | 54 | 15 |
| Apr | 29 | 47 | 22 | 1 |
| May | 82 | 16 | 1 | 0 |
| Jun | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug | 97 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| Sep | 81 | 18 | 1 | 0 |
| Oct | 43 | 43 | 14 | 0 |
| Nov | 15 | 37 | 41 | 6 |
| Dec | 5 | 22 | 51 | 23 |
Wind
Average wind speed through the year, banded into plain-language speed zones so a number reads as 'breezy' or 'calm' without knowing the scale.
This is the average sustained wind speed at the standard 10 metres above open ground — the steady flow a weather station reports, not the sharper gusts that come and go, which can run half again as fast. It's the number that says whether a place is generally breezy or calm.
Wind in Mbabane is steady company: average speeds sit near 8 km/h — calm — in every month of the year, with no meaningful windy or calm season.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 8 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 8 | calm |
| Feb | 7 | calm |
| Mar | 7 | calm |
| Apr | 7 | calm |
| May | 7 | calm |
| Jun | 8 | calm |
| Jul | 8 | calm |
| Aug | 8 | calm |
| Sep | 9 | calm |
| Oct | 9 | calm |
| Nov | 8 | calm |
| Dec | 8 | calm |
Hazard calendar for Mbabane
When the seasonal hazards worth planning around — the rainy season, tropical-cyclone risk and dust haze — are active through the year.
Mbabane's monsoon runs October–March, when most of the year's rain falls.
Best time to visit Mbabane
To characterize how pleasant the weather is in Mbabane throughout the year, we compute two travel scores — one for general sightseeing, one for beach and pool weather.
Around late September, Mbabane is still near the tail of its best-weather window — great conditions with the peak-season crowds already thinning.
Inferred from the travel-score curve; month-by-month visitor numbers are a planned addition.
The travel score favors clear, rainless days with daytime highs between 18°C and 28°C. Based on this score, the best time of year to visit Mbabane for general outdoor tourist activities is from early April to early October, with a peak score in the first week of June.
The travel score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Travel score (0–10) | 5.3 | 5.5 | 6.0 | 6.9 | 7.9 | 8.1 | 8.0 | 7.9 | 7.4 | 6.1 | 5.4 | 5.2 |
| Rating | fair | good | good | good | ideal | ideal | ideal | ideal | good | good | fair | fair |
| Travel score (0–10) | Rating | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 5.3 | fair |
| Feb | 5.5 | good |
| Mar | 6.0 | good |
| Apr | 6.9 | good |
| May | 7.9 | ideal |
| Jun | 8.1 | ideal |
| Jul | 8.0 | ideal |
| Aug | 7.9 | ideal |
| Sep | 7.4 | good |
| Oct | 6.1 | good |
| Nov | 5.4 | fair |
| Dec | 5.2 | fair |
The beach/pool score favors clear, rainless days with daytime highs between 24°C and 34°C. Based on this score, the best times of year to visit Mbabane for hot-weather activities run from early August to mid October and again from late December to early June, with a peak score in the second week of September.
The beach/pool score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).
What to pack for Mbabane, by month
Month by month, what's worth putting in the bag — from the temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind. Tap a month for a quick packing note.
Mbabane packs about the same all year — highs hold near 26°C. Across the year the things worth having are light clothes, rain gear, sun protection and a warm layer.
In January, Mbabane sees daytime highs around 26°C and nights near 17°C. Pack rain gear. Worth having: light clothes and sun protection. About 20 days see rain.
UV index (midday) in Mbabane by month
Clear-sky midday UV index through the year, shaded by the WHO exposure levels — how much sun protection each month calls for.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Mbabane peaks around December 18 at about 13 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near July 10 at about 5 (moderate).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 12 | 13 | 12 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 9 | 9 | 12 | 13 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | High | Moderate | Moderate | High | Very high | Very high | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 12 | Extreme |
| Feb | 13 | Extreme |
| Mar | 12 | Extreme |
| Apr | 7 | Very high |
| May | 6 | High |
| Jun | 5 | Moderate |
| Jul | 5 | Moderate |
| Aug | 7 | High |
| Sep | 9 | Very high |
| Oct | 9 | Very high |
| Nov | 12 | Extreme |
| Dec | 13 | Extreme |
Average hourly UV index in Mbabane
Modeled clear-sky UV for every hour of every day — when in the day sun protection actually matters.
The whole year hour by hour: each column is a day, each row an hour, and the color is the modeled clear-sky UV index — the midday peak scaled down as the sun sits lower in the sky. Darker overlays mark night, lighter ones the civil-twilight hours around sunrise and sunset.
UV falls off far faster than brightness as the sun drops, so even in December the burn window is concentrated in the middle of the day: about 9 hours a day reach index 3 (protection recommended), and 7 hours reach 6 or more. Mornings and late afternoons stay comparatively gentle year round.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV ≥ 3 (h/day) | 8.5 | 8.5 | 7.5 | 6 | 5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 6 | 7 | 7.5 | 8.5 | 9 |
| UV ≥ 6 (h/day) | 6.5 | 6.5 | 5.5 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.5 | 4 | 5 | 6.5 | 7 |
| UV ≥ 3 (h/day) | UV ≥ 6 (h/day) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 8.5 | 6.5 |
| Feb | 8.5 | 6.5 |
| Mar | 7.5 | 5.5 |
| Apr | 6 | 3 |
| May | 5 | 0 |
| Jun | 4.5 | 0 |
| Jul | 4.5 | 0 |
| Aug | 6 | 2.5 |
| Sep | 7 | 4 |
| Oct | 7.5 | 5 |
| Nov | 8.5 | 6.5 |
| Dec | 9 | 7 |
Air quality in Mbabane by month
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see which months the air is worst, not just the yearly average.
Air quality in Mbabane is worst in July — around 43 µg/m³ PM2.5 (poor), about 3.9× the cleanest month (January, 11 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 11 | 13 | 18 | 26 | 34 | 36 | 43 | 40 | 32 | 21 | 18 | 13 |
| Level | Good | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Poor | Poor | Poor | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 11 | Good |
| Feb | 13 | Moderate |
| Mar | 18 | Moderate |
| Apr | 26 | Moderate |
| May | 34 | Moderate |
| Jun | 36 | Poor |
| Jul | 43 | Poor |
| Aug | 40 | Poor |
| Sep | 32 | Moderate |
| Oct | 21 | Moderate |
| Nov | 18 | Moderate |
| Dec | 13 | Moderate |
Growing season
Mbabane is frost-free year round — even the coldest nights rarely reach freezing, so there is no start or end to the growing season.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frost-free chance (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Frost nights | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Frost-free chance (%) | Frost nights | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 100 | 0 |
| Feb | 100 | 0 |
| Mar | 100 | 0 |
| Apr | 100 | 0 |
| May | 100 | 0 |
| Jun | 100 | 0 |
| Jul | 100 | 0 |
| Aug | 100 | 0 |
| Sep | 100 | 0 |
| Oct | 100 | 0 |
| Nov | 100 | 0 |
| Dec | 100 | 0 |
Growing degree days
Growing degree days tally heat above 10°C: each day adds however many degrees its average temperature runs over that threshold, and cold days add nothing. Mbabane banks about 2,970 degree days a year, and the running total — which growers use to time plantings and predict maturity — climbs fastest around February.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Growing degree days (°C·days) | 350 | 316 | 322 | 252 | 194 | 127 | 123 | 175 | 229 | 260 | 289 | 333 |
| Growing degree days (°C·days) | |
|---|---|
| Jan | 350 |
| Feb | 316 |
| Mar | 322 |
| Apr | 252 |
| May | 194 |
| Jun | 127 |
| Jul | 123 |
| Aug | 175 |
| Sep | 229 |
| Oct | 260 |
| Nov | 289 |
| Dec | 333 |
Solar energy
Average daily shortwave solar energy reaching the ground, banded into brightness zones so the number means something at a glance.
Solar energy is how much sunlight actually reaches the ground each day, measured in kilowatt-hours per square metre (kWh/m²) — the combined effect of how long the sun is up, how high it climbs, and how much cloud gets in the way. It's the raw fuel a solar panel has to work with: for scale, 1 kWh/m² a day is dim and wintry, while 7+ is desert-bright.
Mbabane receives about 4.8 kWh/m² a day of solar energy on average — bright — with a clear seasonal swing between 3.6 and 5.9 kWh/m².
The brighter stretch of the year lasts 6.7 months, from around Sep 2 to Mar 23. The brightest month is January, averaging about 5.8 kWh/m² (bright).
The dimmest month is June, down near 3.6 kWh/m² — roughly 37% less than the January peak.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 5.8 | 5.6 | 5.1 | 4.4 | 4.0 | 3.6 | 3.8 | 4.4 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 5.5 | 5.8 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Moderate | Moderate | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 5.8 | Bright |
| Feb | 5.6 | Bright |
| Mar | 5.1 | Bright |
| Apr | 4.4 | Bright |
| May | 4.0 | Bright |
| Jun | 3.6 | Moderate |
| Jul | 3.8 | Moderate |
| Aug | 4.4 | Bright |
| Sep | 5.1 | Bright |
| Oct | 5.2 | Bright |
| Nov | 5.5 | Bright |
| Dec | 5.8 | Bright |
Where is Mbabane?
Mbabane sits at 26.3°S, 31.1°E, 1,209 m above sea level, in Eswatini. The nearest listed city is Lobamba, 18 km away.
Topography around Mbabane
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Mbabane.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Mbabane has significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 462 m around an average of 1,241 m above sea level; within 16 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 991 m; within 80 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,718 m.
The land around Mbabane is covered by trees (47%), grassland (29%) and artificial surfaces (20%) within 3 km, grassland (57%) and trees (29%) within 16 km, and grassland (44%) and trees (39%) within 80 km.
Eswatini travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type M
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 33% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $4,108
- 2025
- Happiness
- 3.9 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 38%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 12.5
- per 100k, 2021
- Road deaths
- 33.5
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Lower middle
- World Bank
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Mbabane (-26.3167°, 31.1333°, elevation 1,209 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).