Climate and average weather in Aksum
In Aksum, the summers are hot, fairly dry, and mostly clear and the winters are warm and mostly cloudy.
Over the course of the year, the temperature in Aksum typically varies from 10°C to 31°C, and is rarely below 7°C or above 33°C. April is the hottest month of the year, while August is the coldest.
Based on the travel score, the best times of year to visit Aksum for warm-weather activities are from early January to mid February and late September to late December.
- Hottest
- Apr
- 31°
- Coldest
- Aug
- 15°
- Wettest
- Aug
- 297 mm
- Driest
- Dec
- 1 mm
- Rain / yr
- 895 mm
- 108 wet days
- Daylight
- 11.2–12.8 h
- shortest–longest
- Elevation
- 2,131 m
- 14.1°N
- Clearest
- Dec
- 21% cloud
Aksum is town in Tigray Region, Ethiopia.
- Density
- 5,472/km²
- people per km²
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Aksum weather by month, at a glance
The whole year in one picture — sky, rain, humidity, temperature and travel score. Click any band to jump to its full chart.
Each stripe is one measure across the whole year, stacked so a single day reads top to bottom. The sky band runs overcast grey on top down to clear blue at the base — more blue means sunnier — followed by the rainfall curve, the humidity band, a temperature strip that tints each stretch of the year by how warm its average high is, and the travel-score line at the foot. Scan straight down any date to read that day across every measure at once; the score climbs highest around late September to late December.
Temperature through the year
Daily average highs and lows in Aksum, from 1991–2020 of climate data. The shaded bands show the range most days fall in — 10th to 90th percentile.
Temperatures in Aksum stay fairly even through the year, without a distinct hot or cool season. The warmest month is April, with an average high of 31°C and low of 16°C; the coolest is August, with an average low of 15°C and high of 24°C.
Days typically run about 14°C warmer than nights, with the widest day–night swing (around 17°C) in February.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 27 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 30 | 28 | 24 | 24 | 26 | 27 | 26 | 26 |
| Avg low (°C) | 11 | 12 | 14 | 16 | 16 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 13 | 11 | 10 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 27 | 11 |
| Feb | 29 | 12 |
| Mar | 30 | 14 |
| Apr | 31 | 16 |
| May | 30 | 16 |
| Jun | 28 | 15 |
| Jul | 24 | 15 |
| Aug | 24 | 15 |
| Sep | 26 | 14 |
| Oct | 27 | 13 |
| Nov | 26 | 11 |
| Dec | 26 | 10 |
Average hourly temperature in Aksum
A compact picture of the whole year, hour by hour: each column is a day, each row an hour, and the color is the modeled average temperature. Darker overlays mark night, lighter ones the civil-twilight hours around sunrise and sunset.
Read left to right for the day of the year and top to bottom for the hour of the day; the color is the modeled temperature, cool blues through to hot reds on the same scale as the other charts. A vertical slice is a single day's swing — coolest just before dawn, warmest in the mid-afternoon — while a horizontal slice follows one hour across the seasons. The darker overlay marks night and the lighter one the twilight around sunrise and sunset. Colors run warmest on April afternoons, near 31°C, and coldest before dawn in August, near 15°C.
Aksum weather by month
Every month at a glance. Click a month for its detailed page.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 27° / 11° | 3 | 0.5 | 11.3 | 8.6 |
| Feb | 29° / 12° | 2 | 0.4 | 11.5 | 7.3 |
| Mar | 30° / 14° | 15 | 2.8 | 11.9 | 6.2 |
| Apr | 31° / 16° | 21 | 4.9 | 12.3 | 5.5 |
| May | 30° / 16° | 42 | 6.6 | 12.6 | 5.4 |
| Jun | 28° / 15° | 118 | 15.5 | 12.8 | 5.2 |
| Jul | 24° / 15° | 293 | 30.2 | 12.8 | 3.8 |
| Aug | 24° / 15° | 297 | 30.5 | 12.5 | 3.7 |
| Sep | 26° / 14° | 87 | 12.7 | 12.1 | 6.5 |
| Oct | 27° / 13° | 10 | 1.8 | 11.7 | 8.3 |
| Nov | 26° / 11° | 7 | 1.5 | 11.3 | 8.6 |
| Dec | 26° / 10° | 1 | 0.4 | 11.2 | 8.9 |
Chance of rain
How likely it is to rain on a typical day, and how that shifts across the wetter and drier seasons.
Aksum gets about 895 mm of precipitation a year. On a typical day the chance of rain is some rain, but that rises and falls sharply with the seasons.
The wetter season lasts 3.5 months, from around Jun 5 to Sep 18, peaking in July at about 99% chance on a given day. The drier stretch runs the rest of the year, bottoming out around Jan 31.
August is the wettest month by volume, with 297 mm over about 31 wet days; December is the driest, with 1 mm.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain on a day (%) | 1 | 2 | 9 | 17 | 21 | 53 | 96 | 97 | 43 | 6 | 5 | 2 |
| Rain days | 1 | 0 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 16 | 30 | 31 | 13 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| Rain on a day (%) | Rain days | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 1 | 1 |
| Feb | 2 | 0 |
| Mar | 9 | 3 |
| Apr | 17 | 5 |
| May | 21 | 7 |
| Jun | 53 | 16 |
| Jul | 96 | 30 |
| Aug | 97 | 31 |
| Sep | 43 | 13 |
| Oct | 6 | 2 |
| Nov | 5 | 2 |
| Dec | 2 | 0 |
Monthly rainfall
Over a full year, Aksum collects about 895 mm of rain across 108 wet days — roughly 75 mm in an average month.
It doesn’t fall evenly. August is the wettest month with 297 mm, while December is the driest at just 1 mm. The three wettest months alone bring about 79% of the year’s total.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rainfall (mm) | 3 | 2 | 15 | 21 | 42 | 118 | 293 | 297 | 87 | 10 | 7 | 1 |
| Rain days | 1 | 0 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 16 | 30 | 31 | 13 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| Rainfall (mm) | Rain days | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 3 | 1 |
| Feb | 2 | 0 |
| Mar | 15 | 3 |
| Apr | 21 | 5 |
| May | 42 | 7 |
| Jun | 118 | 16 |
| Jul | 293 | 30 |
| Aug | 297 | 31 |
| Sep | 87 | 13 |
| Oct | 10 | 2 |
| Nov | 7 | 2 |
| Dec | 1 | 0 |
Clouds and sunshine
How often the daytime sky is clear, partly cloudy or overcast.
In Aksum, the average share of the sky covered by clouds shows significant seasonal variation over the course of the year.
The clearer part of the year begins around September 13 and lasts for 7.9 months, ending around May 9. The clearest month is November, when the sky is clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 91% of the time on average.
The cloudier part of the year begins around May 10 and lasts for 4.1 months, ending around September 12. The cloudiest month is August, when it is overcast or mostly cloudy 74% of the time.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 87 | 88 | 84 | 82 | 73 | 62 | 31 | 26 | 73 | 86 | 91 | 91 |
| Cloudier (%) | 13 | 12 | 16 | 18 | 27 | 38 | 69 | 74 | 27 | 14 | 9 | 9 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 87 | 13 |
| Feb | 88 | 12 |
| Mar | 84 | 16 |
| Apr | 82 | 18 |
| May | 73 | 27 |
| Jun | 62 | 38 |
| Jul | 31 | 69 |
| Aug | 26 | 74 |
| Sep | 73 | 27 |
| Oct | 86 | 14 |
| Nov | 91 | 9 |
| Dec | 91 | 9 |
Daylight, sunrise and sunset
Hours of daylight through the year, with sunrise and sunset times.
The gold band is daylight — sunrise runs along its lower edge, sunset along the upper — so it widens toward summer and pinches toward winter, with night the dark area above and below. The longest day, around May 29, brings about 12 h 48 min of light; the shortest, around January 1, only 11 h 12 min — a swing of roughly 1 h 36 min.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 11.3 | 11.5 | 11.9 | 12.3 | 12.6 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.5 | 12.1 | 11.7 | 11.3 | 11.2 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:57 | 6:54 | 6:38 | 6:16 | 6:02 | 6:00 | 6:08 | 6:15 | 6:17 | 6:20 | 6:30 | 6:46 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:12 | 6:26 | 6:32 | 6:35 | 6:41 | 6:50 | 6:54 | 6:43 | 6:22 | 6:00 | 5:50 | 5:56 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 11.3 | 6:57 | 6:12 |
| Feb | 11.5 | 6:54 | 6:26 |
| Mar | 11.9 | 6:38 | 6:32 |
| Apr | 12.3 | 6:16 | 6:35 |
| May | 12.6 | 6:02 | 6:41 |
| Jun | 12.8 | 6:00 | 6:50 |
| Jul | 12.8 | 6:08 | 6:54 |
| Aug | 12.5 | 6:15 | 6:43 |
| Sep | 12.1 | 6:17 | 6:22 |
| Oct | 11.7 | 6:20 | 6:00 |
| Nov | 11.3 | 6:30 | 5:50 |
| Dec | 11.2 | 6:46 | 5:56 |
Sunny days
How many genuinely sunny days each month brings — days the sky stays clear or mostly clear — banded into plain-language zones.
Aksum averages about 15 sunny days a month — counting the days the sky stays clear or mostly clear — with a clear seasonal swing between 1 and 25 days.
The sunnier stretch runs 7.1 months, from around Sep 17 to Apr 21. The sunniest month is December, with roughly 25 sunny days (brilliant).
The greyest month is August, down near 2 sunny days — about 94% fewer than the December peak.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sunny days | 23 | 20 | 19 | 16 | 11 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 13 | 19 | 23 | 25 |
| Sky | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Mixed | Gloomy | Gloomy | Gloomy | Mixed | Bright | Brilliant | Brilliant |
| Sunny days | Sky | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 23 | Bright |
| Feb | 20 | Bright |
| Mar | 19 | Bright |
| Apr | 16 | Bright |
| May | 11 | Mixed |
| Jun | 7 | Gloomy |
| Jul | 2 | Gloomy |
| Aug | 2 | Gloomy |
| Sep | 13 | Mixed |
| Oct | 19 | Bright |
| Nov | 23 | Brilliant |
| Dec | 25 | Brilliant |
Humidity comfort
Share of days at each humidity comfort level, based on the dew point — the measure that tracks how muggy it actually feels.
Humidity comfort is graded by the dew point — the temperature at which the air would be fully saturated — because it tracks how muggy it actually feels far better than relative humidity does. A low dew point feels dry and crisp; a high one feels sticky and oppressive no matter the reading on a humidity gauge.
In Aksum, how humid it feels changes dramatically over the year.
The more humid part of the year lasts 3.0 months, from around June 17 to September 16. The muggiest month is August, when the air feels humid, muggy or worse about 75% of the time.
The most comfortable stretch runs from around September 17 to June 16, and January is the most comfortable month — the air is dry or comfortable 100% of the time.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 99 | 100 | 97 | 94 | 82 | 42 | 1 | 0 | 35 | 93 | 98 | 99 |
| Comfortable (%) | 1 | 0 | 3 | 6 | 15 | 42 | 42 | 24 | 42 | 7 | 2 | 1 |
| Humid (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 16 | 56 | 75 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | Humid (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 99 | 1 | 0 |
| Feb | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar | 97 | 3 | 0 |
| Apr | 94 | 6 | 0 |
| May | 82 | 15 | 3 |
| Jun | 42 | 42 | 16 |
| Jul | 1 | 42 | 56 |
| Aug | 0 | 24 | 75 |
| Sep | 35 | 42 | 24 |
| Oct | 93 | 7 | 0 |
| Nov | 98 | 2 | 0 |
| Dec | 99 | 1 | 0 |
Wind
Average wind speed through the year, banded into plain-language speed zones so a number reads as 'breezy' or 'calm' without knowing the scale.
This is the average sustained wind speed at the standard 10 metres above open ground — the steady flow a weather station reports, not the sharper gusts that come and go, which can run half again as fast. It's the number that says whether a place is generally breezy or calm.
Across the year, average wind speed in Aksum is typically calm, near 6 km/h, and varies little with the seasons.
The windier part of the year lasts 7.1 months, from around Oct 8 to May 12. The windiest month is April, averaging about 7 km/h (calm).
The calmer part of the year runs from around Jun 7 to Oct 7, with August the calmest month at about 5 km/h.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 7 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 7 | calm |
| Feb | 7 | calm |
| Mar | 7 | calm |
| Apr | 7 | calm |
| May | 6 | calm |
| Jun | 6 | calm |
| Jul | 5 | calm |
| Aug | 5 | calm |
| Sep | 5 | calm |
| Oct | 6 | calm |
| Nov | 7 | calm |
| Dec | 7 | calm |
Hazard calendar for Aksum
When the seasonal hazards worth planning around — the rainy season, tropical-cyclone risk and dust haze — are active through the year.
Aksum's monsoon runs July–August, when most of the year's rain falls.
Aksum sees seasonal dust haze (June–August), heaviest in June.
Best time to visit Aksum
To characterize how pleasant the weather is in Aksum throughout the year, we compute two travel scores — one for general sightseeing, one for beach and pool weather.
Around late September, Aksum is still near the start of its best-weather window — great conditions with the peak-season crowds not yet at full swing.
Inferred from the travel-score curve; month-by-month visitor numbers are a planned addition.
The travel score favors clear, rainless days with daytime highs between 18°C and 28°C. Based on this score, the best time of year to visit Aksum for general outdoor tourist activities is from late September to late February, with a peak score in the second week of December.
The travel score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Travel score (0–10) | 8.6 | 7.4 | 6.2 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 5.1 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 6.4 | 8.3 | 8.6 | 8.9 |
| Rating | ideal | good | good | good | fair | fair | fair | fair | good | ideal | ideal | ideal |
| Travel score (0–10) | Rating | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 8.6 | ideal |
| Feb | 7.4 | good |
| Mar | 6.2 | good |
| Apr | 5.5 | good |
| May | 5.4 | fair |
| Jun | 5.1 | fair |
| Jul | 3.8 | fair |
| Aug | 3.8 | fair |
| Sep | 6.4 | good |
| Oct | 8.3 | ideal |
| Nov | 8.6 | ideal |
| Dec | 8.9 | ideal |
The beach/pool score favors clear, rainless days with daytime highs between 24°C and 34°C. Based on this score, the best time of year to visit Aksum for hot-weather activities is from late September to early June, with a peak score in the second week of February.
The beach/pool score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).
What to pack for Aksum, by month
Month by month, what's worth putting in the bag — from the temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind. Tap a month for a quick packing note.
For a warm-season trip around April (highs near 31°C), the essentials are light clothes and sun protection. In the cold season around August (highs near 24°C), pack light clothes, rain gear and sun protection.
In April, Aksum sees daytime highs around 31°C and nights near 16°C. Pack light clothes and sun protection. About 5 days see rain.
UV index (midday) in Aksum by month
Clear-sky midday UV index through the year, shaded by the WHO exposure levels — how much sun protection each month calls for.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Aksum peaks around March 23 at about 15 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 12 at about 9 (very high).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 11 | 13 | 15 | 15 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 12 | 10 | 9 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | Very high |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 11 | Extreme |
| Feb | 13 | Extreme |
| Mar | 15 | Extreme |
| Apr | 15 | Extreme |
| May | 13 | Extreme |
| Jun | 12 | Extreme |
| Jul | 11 | Extreme |
| Aug | 12 | Extreme |
| Sep | 13 | Extreme |
| Oct | 12 | Extreme |
| Nov | 10 | Very high |
| Dec | 9 | Very high |
Average hourly UV index in Aksum
Modeled clear-sky UV for every hour of every day — when in the day sun protection actually matters.
The whole year hour by hour: each column is a day, each row an hour, and the color is the modeled clear-sky UV index — the midday peak scaled down as the sun sits lower in the sky. Darker overlays mark night, lighter ones the civil-twilight hours around sunrise and sunset.
UV falls off far faster than brightness as the sun drops, so even in March the burn window is concentrated in the middle of the day: about 8 hours a day reach index 3 (protection recommended), and 6.5 hours reach 6 or more. Mornings and late afternoons stay comparatively gentle year round.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV ≥ 3 (h/day) | 7 | 7.5 | 8 | 8.5 | 8.5 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7.5 | 7 | 6.5 |
| UV ≥ 6 (h/day) | 5.5 | 6 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5.5 | 5 | 4.5 |
| UV ≥ 3 (h/day) | UV ≥ 6 (h/day) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 7 | 5.5 |
| Feb | 7.5 | 6 |
| Mar | 8 | 6.5 |
| Apr | 8.5 | 6.5 |
| May | 8.5 | 6.5 |
| Jun | 8 | 6 |
| Jul | 8 | 6 |
| Aug | 8 | 6 |
| Sep | 8 | 6 |
| Oct | 7.5 | 5.5 |
| Nov | 7 | 5 |
| Dec | 6.5 | 4.5 |
Air quality in Aksum by month
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see which months the air is worst, not just the yearly average.
Air quality in Aksum is worst in June — around 28 µg/m³ PM2.5 (moderate), and holds fairly steady the rest of the year.
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 25 | 24 | 26 | 22 | 24 | 28 | 24 | 23 | 27 | 23 | 21 | 23 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 25 | Moderate |
| Feb | 24 | Moderate |
| Mar | 26 | Moderate |
| Apr | 22 | Moderate |
| May | 24 | Moderate |
| Jun | 28 | Moderate |
| Jul | 24 | Moderate |
| Aug | 23 | Moderate |
| Sep | 27 | Moderate |
| Oct | 23 | Moderate |
| Nov | 21 | Moderate |
| Dec | 23 | Moderate |
Growing season
Aksum is frost-free year round — even the coldest nights rarely reach freezing, so there is no start or end to the growing season.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frost-free chance (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Frost nights | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Frost-free chance (%) | Frost nights | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 100 | 0 |
| Feb | 100 | 0 |
| Mar | 100 | 0 |
| Apr | 100 | 0 |
| May | 100 | 0 |
| Jun | 100 | 0 |
| Jul | 100 | 0 |
| Aug | 100 | 0 |
| Sep | 100 | 0 |
| Oct | 100 | 0 |
| Nov | 100 | 0 |
| Dec | 100 | 0 |
Growing degree days
Growing degree days tally heat above 10°C: each day adds however many degrees its average temperature runs over that threshold, and cold days add nothing. Aksum banks about 3,750 degree days a year, and the running total — which growers use to time plantings and predict maturity — climbs fastest around May.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Growing degree days (°C·days) | 270 | 291 | 369 | 389 | 407 | 348 | 289 | 288 | 288 | 296 | 263 | 253 |
| Growing degree days (°C·days) | |
|---|---|
| Jan | 270 |
| Feb | 291 |
| Mar | 369 |
| Apr | 389 |
| May | 407 |
| Jun | 348 |
| Jul | 289 |
| Aug | 288 |
| Sep | 288 |
| Oct | 296 |
| Nov | 263 |
| Dec | 253 |
Solar energy
Average daily shortwave solar energy reaching the ground, banded into brightness zones so the number means something at a glance.
Solar energy is how much sunlight actually reaches the ground each day, measured in kilowatt-hours per square metre (kWh/m²) — the combined effect of how long the sun is up, how high it climbs, and how much cloud gets in the way. It's the raw fuel a solar panel has to work with: for scale, 1 kWh/m² a day is dim and wintry, while 7+ is desert-bright.
Aksum receives about 6.1 kWh/m² a day of solar energy on average — intense — with a clear seasonal swing between 4.8 and 7.1 kWh/m².
The brighter stretch of the year lasts 4.5 months, from around Jan 25 to Jun 9. The brightest month is April, averaging about 7.1 kWh/m² (intense).
The dimmest month is July, down near 5.1 kWh/m² — roughly 29% less than the April peak.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 5.9 | 6.4 | 6.9 | 7.1 | 6.8 | 5.9 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.9 | 6.3 | 6.0 | 5.8 |
| Level | Bright | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Intense | Intense | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 5.9 | Bright |
| Feb | 6.4 | Intense |
| Mar | 6.9 | Intense |
| Apr | 7.1 | Intense |
| May | 6.8 | Intense |
| Jun | 5.9 | Bright |
| Jul | 5.0 | Bright |
| Aug | 5.0 | Bright |
| Sep | 5.9 | Bright |
| Oct | 6.3 | Intense |
| Nov | 6.0 | Intense |
| Dec | 5.8 | Bright |
Where is Aksum?
Aksum sits at 14.1°N, 38.7°E, 2,131 m above sea level, in Ethiopia. The nearest listed city is Adwa, 20 km away.
Topography around Aksum
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Aksum.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Aksum has significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 271 m around an average of 2,150 m above sea level; within 16 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 951 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 2,839 m.
The land around Aksum is covered by cropland (54%) and artificial surfaces (22%) within 3 km, cropland (52%) and grassland (28%) within 16 km, and grassland (52%) and cropland (28%) within 80 km.
Ethiopia travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 3
- Reconsider Travel
- Power plugs
- Type C / E / F / L
- 220 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 37% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $933
- 2025
- Happiness
- 4.0 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 14%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 8.5
- per 100k, 2012
- Road deaths
- 28.2
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Low
- World Bank
- English
- Low
- EF EPI 499
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Aksum (14.1211°, 38.7234°, elevation 2,131 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).