Climate and average weather in Pangkalan Brandan
In Pangkalan Brandan, the weather is muggy, hot, wet, and mostly cloudy and remarkably steady, with daytime highs holding near hot levels all year. The wettest stretch peaks around November.
Over the course of the year, the temperature in Pangkalan Brandan typically varies from 24°C to 31°C, and is rarely below 23°C or above 32°C. April is the hottest month of the year, while December is the coldest.
Based on the travel score, the best times of year to visit Pangkalan Brandan for warm-weather activities are from mid June to early July and mid December to late March.
- Hottest
- Apr
- 31°
- Coldest
- Dec
- 24°
- Wettest
- Nov
- 319 mm
- Driest
- Feb
- 106 mm
- Rain / yr
- 2386 mm
- 307 wet days
- Daylight
- 11.8–12.2 h
- shortest–longest
- Elevation
- 5 m
- 4.0°N
- Clearest
- Feb
- 76% cloud
Pangkalan Brandan weather by month, at a glance
The whole year in one picture — sky, rain, humidity, temperature and travel score. Click any band to jump to its full chart.
Each stripe is one measure across the whole year, stacked so a single day reads top to bottom. The sky band runs overcast grey on top down to clear blue at the base — more blue means sunnier — followed by the rainfall curve, the humidity band, a temperature strip that tints each stretch of the year by how warm its average high is, and the travel-score line at the foot. Scan straight down any date to read that day across every measure at once; the score climbs highest around mid December to late March.
Temperature through the year
Daily average highs and lows in Pangkalan Brandan, from 1991–2020 of climate data. The shaded bands show the range most days fall in — 10th to 90th percentile.
Temperatures in Pangkalan Brandan stay fairly even through the year, without a distinct hot or cool season. The warmest month is April, with an average high of 31°C and low of 25°C; the coolest is December, with an average low of 24°C and high of 29°C.
Days typically run about 5°C warmer than nights year-round.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 29 | 30 | 30 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 29 | 29 | 29 |
| Avg low (°C) | 24 | 24 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 29 | 24 |
| Feb | 30 | 24 |
| Mar | 30 | 25 |
| Apr | 31 | 25 |
| May | 31 | 25 |
| Jun | 31 | 25 |
| Jul | 30 | 25 |
| Aug | 30 | 24 |
| Sep | 30 | 24 |
| Oct | 29 | 24 |
| Nov | 29 | 24 |
| Dec | 29 | 24 |
How hot and cold Pangkalan Brandan really feels
The felt-temperature range through the year — heat index on the day's high (summer humidity), wind chill on the night's low (winter wind). The dashed lines are the plain thermometer; the gap is how much hotter or colder it really feels.
On the hottest afternoons, once humidity is folded in, Pangkalan Brandan feels like about 37°C (around May 13). About 346 days a year carry some heat stress, peaking in May.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feels-like high (°C) | 32 | 33 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 36 | 35 | 34 | 33 | 33 | 32 | 32 |
| Air high (°C) | 29 | 30 | 30 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 29 | 29 | 29 |
| Feels-like low (°C) | 24 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 |
| Air low (°C) | 24 | 24 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 |
| Feels-like high (°C) | Air high (°C) | Feels-like low (°C) | Air low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 32 | 29 | 24 | 24 |
| Feb | 33 | 30 | 24 | 24 |
| Mar | 35 | 30 | 24 | 25 |
| Apr | 36 | 31 | 25 | 25 |
| May | 37 | 31 | 25 | 25 |
| Jun | 36 | 31 | 25 | 25 |
| Jul | 35 | 30 | 24 | 25 |
| Aug | 34 | 30 | 24 | 24 |
| Sep | 33 | 30 | 24 | 24 |
| Oct | 33 | 29 | 24 | 24 |
| Nov | 32 | 29 | 24 | 24 |
| Dec | 32 | 29 | 24 | 24 |
Average hourly temperature in Pangkalan Brandan
A compact picture of the whole year, hour by hour: each column is a day, each row an hour, and the color is the modeled average temperature. Darker overlays mark night, lighter ones the civil-twilight hours around sunrise and sunset.
Read left to right for the day of the year and top to bottom for the hour of the day; the color is the modeled temperature, cool blues through to hot reds on the same scale as the other charts. A vertical slice is a single day's swing — coolest just before dawn, warmest in the mid-afternoon — while a horizontal slice follows one hour across the seasons. The darker overlay marks night and the lighter one the twilight around sunrise and sunset. Colors run warmest on April afternoons, near 31°C, and coldest before dawn in December, near 24°C.
Pangkalan Brandan weather by month
Every month at a glance. Click a month for its detailed page.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 29° / 24° | 160 | 23.1 | 11.8 | 3.7 |
| Feb | 30° / 24° | 106 | 18.4 | 11.9 | 3.8 |
| Mar | 30° / 25° | 145 | 22.7 | 12 | 3.3 |
| Apr | 31° / 25° | 178 | 26.7 | 12.1 | 2.7 |
| May | 31° / 25° | 205 | 27.2 | 12.2 | 2.7 |
| Jun | 31° / 25° | 141 | 22.9 | 12.2 | 3.1 |
| Jul | 30° / 25° | 152 | 24.2 | 12.2 | 3.1 |
| Aug | 30° / 24° | 182 | 26.8 | 12.1 | 2.9 |
| Sep | 30° / 24° | 233 | 28.9 | 12 | 2.7 |
| Oct | 29° / 24° | 280 | 29.5 | 11.9 | 2.8 |
| Nov | 29° / 24° | 319 | 28.8 | 11.8 | 2.9 |
| Dec | 29° / 24° | 287 | 28 | 11.8 | 3.2 |
Chance of rain
How likely it is to rain on a typical day, and how that shifts across the wetter and drier seasons.
Pangkalan Brandan gets about 2386 mm of precipitation a year. On a typical day the chance of rain is very wet, but that rises and falls sharply with the seasons.
The wetter season lasts 4.7 months, from around Aug 10 to Dec 31, peaking in November at about 97% chance on a given day. The drier stretch runs the rest of the year, bottoming out around Feb 23.
November is the wettest month by volume, with 319 mm over about 29 wet days; February is the driest, with 106 mm.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain on a day (%) | 75 | 66 | 73 | 88 | 88 | 77 | 78 | 87 | 96 | 95 | 96 | 90 |
| Rain days | 23 | 18 | 23 | 27 | 27 | 23 | 24 | 27 | 29 | 30 | 29 | 28 |
| Rain on a day (%) | Rain days | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 75 | 23 |
| Feb | 66 | 18 |
| Mar | 73 | 23 |
| Apr | 88 | 27 |
| May | 88 | 27 |
| Jun | 77 | 23 |
| Jul | 78 | 24 |
| Aug | 87 | 27 |
| Sep | 96 | 29 |
| Oct | 95 | 30 |
| Nov | 96 | 29 |
| Dec | 90 | 28 |
Monthly rainfall
Over a full year, Pangkalan Brandan collects about 2386 mm of rain across 307 wet days — roughly 199 mm in an average month.
It doesn’t fall evenly. November is the wettest month with 319 mm, while February is the driest at just 106 mm. The three wettest months alone bring about 37% of the year’s total.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rainfall (mm) | 160 | 106 | 145 | 178 | 205 | 141 | 152 | 182 | 233 | 280 | 319 | 287 |
| Rain days | 23 | 18 | 23 | 27 | 27 | 23 | 24 | 27 | 29 | 30 | 29 | 28 |
| Rainfall (mm) | Rain days | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 160 | 23 |
| Feb | 106 | 18 |
| Mar | 145 | 23 |
| Apr | 178 | 27 |
| May | 205 | 27 |
| Jun | 141 | 23 |
| Jul | 152 | 24 |
| Aug | 182 | 27 |
| Sep | 233 | 29 |
| Oct | 280 | 30 |
| Nov | 319 | 29 |
| Dec | 287 | 28 |
Clouds and sunshine
How often the daytime sky is clear, partly cloudy or overcast.
In Pangkalan Brandan, the average share of the sky covered by clouds shows moderate seasonal variation over the course of the year.
The clearer part of the year begins around December 30 and lasts for 3.6 months, ending around April 19. The clearest month is February, when the sky is clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 24% of the time on average.
The cloudier part of the year begins around August 9 and lasts for 4.7 months, ending around December 29. The cloudiest month is October, when it is overcast or mostly cloudy 96% of the time.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 19 | 24 | 21 | 12 | 10 | 16 | 15 | 10 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 8 |
| Cloudier (%) | 81 | 76 | 79 | 88 | 90 | 84 | 85 | 90 | 95 | 96 | 96 | 92 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 19 | 81 |
| Feb | 24 | 76 |
| Mar | 21 | 79 |
| Apr | 12 | 88 |
| May | 10 | 90 |
| Jun | 16 | 84 |
| Jul | 15 | 85 |
| Aug | 10 | 90 |
| Sep | 5 | 95 |
| Oct | 4 | 96 |
| Nov | 4 | 96 |
| Dec | 8 | 92 |
Daylight, sunrise and sunset
Hours of daylight through the year, with sunrise and sunset times.
The gold band is daylight — sunrise runs along its lower edge, sunset along the upper — so it widens toward summer and pinches toward winter, with night the dark area above and below. Close to the equator, Pangkalan Brandan barely changes through the year: days stay near 12 h 12 min of light in every season.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 11.8 | 11.9 | 12.0 | 12.1 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.1 | 12.0 | 11.9 | 11.8 | 11.8 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:42 | 6:45 | 6:37 | 6:24 | 6:18 | 6:20 | 6:26 | 6:27 | 6:21 | 6:15 | 6:18 | 6:30 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:30 | 6:38 | 6:36 | 6:30 | 6:29 | 6:34 | 6:39 | 6:35 | 6:22 | 6:09 | 6:07 | 6:16 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 11.8 | 6:42 | 6:30 |
| Feb | 11.9 | 6:45 | 6:38 |
| Mar | 12.0 | 6:37 | 6:36 |
| Apr | 12.1 | 6:24 | 6:30 |
| May | 12.2 | 6:18 | 6:29 |
| Jun | 12.2 | 6:20 | 6:34 |
| Jul | 12.2 | 6:26 | 6:39 |
| Aug | 12.1 | 6:27 | 6:35 |
| Sep | 12.0 | 6:21 | 6:22 |
| Oct | 11.9 | 6:15 | 6:09 |
| Nov | 11.8 | 6:18 | 6:07 |
| Dec | 11.8 | 6:30 | 6:16 |
Sunny days
How many genuinely sunny days each month brings — days the sky stays clear or mostly clear — banded into plain-language zones.
Pangkalan Brandan averages about 1 sunny days a month — counting the days the sky stays clear or mostly clear — with a clear seasonal swing between 0 and 3 days.
The sunnier stretch runs 3.1 months, from around Dec 29 to Mar 31. The sunniest month is March, with roughly 3 sunny days (gloomy).
The greyest month is November, down near 0 sunny days — about 90% fewer than the March peak.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sunny days | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Sky | Gloomy | Gloomy | Gloomy | Gloomy | Gloomy | Gloomy | Gloomy | Gloomy | Gloomy | Gloomy | Gloomy | Gloomy |
| Sunny days | Sky | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 2 | Gloomy |
| Feb | 3 | Gloomy |
| Mar | 3 | Gloomy |
| Apr | 1 | Gloomy |
| May | 1 | Gloomy |
| Jun | 2 | Gloomy |
| Jul | 1 | Gloomy |
| Aug | 1 | Gloomy |
| Sep | 0 | Gloomy |
| Oct | 0 | Gloomy |
| Nov | 0 | Gloomy |
| Dec | 1 | Gloomy |
Humidity comfort
Share of days at each humidity comfort level, based on the dew point — the measure that tracks how muggy it actually feels.
Humidity comfort is graded by the dew point — the temperature at which the air would be fully saturated — because it tracks how muggy it actually feels far better than relative humidity does. A low dew point feels dry and crisp; a high one feels sticky and oppressive no matter the reading on a humidity gauge.
Pangkalan Brandan is humid all year round — on a typical day the air feels at least humid, and there is no real dry season to wait for.
The stickiest month is January, when it feels muggy, oppressive or miserable about 100% of the time. Even in January, the mildest month, the air is dry or comfortable only 0% of the time.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Muggy (%) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Oppressive (%) | 94 | 89 | 80 | 48 | 31 | 54 | 83 | 86 | 89 | 89 | 85 | 92 |
| Miserable (%) | 5 | 10 | 20 | 52 | 69 | 46 | 17 | 14 | 11 | 11 | 15 | 8 |
| Muggy (%) | Oppressive (%) | Miserable (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 0 | 94 | 5 |
| Feb | 1 | 89 | 10 |
| Mar | 0 | 80 | 20 |
| Apr | 0 | 48 | 52 |
| May | 0 | 31 | 69 |
| Jun | 0 | 54 | 46 |
| Jul | 0 | 83 | 17 |
| Aug | 0 | 86 | 14 |
| Sep | 0 | 89 | 11 |
| Oct | 0 | 89 | 11 |
| Nov | 0 | 85 | 15 |
| Dec | 0 | 92 | 8 |
Wind
Average wind speed through the year, banded into plain-language speed zones so a number reads as 'breezy' or 'calm' without knowing the scale.
This is the average sustained wind speed at the standard 10 metres above open ground — the steady flow a weather station reports, not the sharper gusts that come and go, which can run half again as fast. It's the number that says whether a place is generally breezy or calm.
Wind in Pangkalan Brandan is steady company: average speeds sit near 5 km/h — calm — in every month of the year, with no meaningful windy or calm season.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 6 | calm |
| Feb | 6 | calm |
| Mar | 5 | calm |
| Apr | 5 | calm |
| May | 5 | calm |
| Jun | 5 | calm |
| Jul | 5 | calm |
| Aug | 5 | calm |
| Sep | 5 | calm |
| Oct | 4 | calm |
| Nov | 5 | calm |
| Dec | 6 | calm |
Hazard calendar for Pangkalan Brandan
When the seasonal hazards worth planning around — the rainy season, tropical-cyclone risk and dust haze — are active through the year.
Pangkalan Brandan sits in the North Indian Ocean cyclone zone; the season peaks May and October–November.
Best time to visit Pangkalan Brandan
To characterize how pleasant the weather is in Pangkalan Brandan throughout the year, we compute two travel scores — one for general sightseeing, one for beach and pool weather.
Around mid March, Pangkalan Brandan is still near the tail of its best-weather window — great conditions with the peak-season crowds already thinning.
Inferred from the travel-score curve; month-by-month visitor numbers are a planned addition.
The travel score favors clear, rainless days with daytime highs between 18°C and 28°C. Based on this score, the best times of year to visit Pangkalan Brandan for general outdoor tourist activities run from mid June to early July and again from mid December to late March, with a peak score in the last week of January.
The travel score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Travel score (0–10) | 3.7 | 3.8 | 3.3 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 3.2 |
| Rating | fair | fair | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor |
| Travel score (0–10) | Rating | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 3.7 | fair |
| Feb | 3.8 | fair |
| Mar | 3.3 | poor |
| Apr | 2.8 | poor |
| May | 2.7 | poor |
| Jun | 3.1 | poor |
| Jul | 3.1 | poor |
| Aug | 2.9 | poor |
| Sep | 2.7 | poor |
| Oct | 2.8 | poor |
| Nov | 2.9 | poor |
| Dec | 3.2 | poor |
The beach/pool score favors clear, rainless days with daytime highs between 24°C and 34°C. Based on this score, the best times of year to visit Pangkalan Brandan for hot-weather activities run from early June to mid August and again from late December to late March, with a peak score in the first week of February.
The beach/pool score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).
What to pack for Pangkalan Brandan, by month
Month by month, what's worth putting in the bag — from the temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind. Tap a month for a quick packing note.
Pangkalan Brandan packs about the same all year — highs hold near 31°C. Across the year the things worth having are light clothes, rain gear and sun protection.
In April, Pangkalan Brandan sees daytime highs around 31°C and nights near 25°C. Pack light clothes and rain gear. Worth having: sun protection. About 27 days see rain.
Sea temperature near Pangkalan Brandan
Average ocean temperature at the nearest coast, month by month, banded into swim-comfort zones — the other half of the beach question.
The sea at the nearest coast (about 16 km away) is warmest in June at about 30°C and coldest in January near 29°C.
The water stays above 20°C all year — warm enough for a swim any month.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sea temperature (°C) | 29 | 29 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 29 | 29 |
| Comfort | Tropical | Tropical | Tropical | Tropical | Tropical | Tropical | Tropical | Tropical | Tropical | Tropical | Tropical | Tropical |
| Sea temperature (°C) | Comfort | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 29 | Tropical |
| Feb | 29 | Tropical |
| Mar | 30 | Tropical |
| Apr | 30 | Tropical |
| May | 30 | Tropical |
| Jun | 30 | Tropical |
| Jul | 30 | Tropical |
| Aug | 30 | Tropical |
| Sep | 30 | Tropical |
| Oct | 30 | Tropical |
| Nov | 29 | Tropical |
| Dec | 29 | Tropical |
UV index (midday) in Pangkalan Brandan by month
Clear-sky midday UV index through the year, shaded by the WHO exposure levels — how much sun protection each month calls for.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Pangkalan Brandan peaks around February 22 at about 14 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near July 12 at about 10 (extreme).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 12 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 11 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 11 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 12 | Extreme |
| Feb | 14 | Extreme |
| Mar | 14 | Extreme |
| Apr | 13 | Extreme |
| May | 12 | Extreme |
| Jun | 11 | Extreme |
| Jul | 10 | Extreme |
| Aug | 11 | Extreme |
| Sep | 13 | Extreme |
| Oct | 12 | Extreme |
| Nov | 11 | Extreme |
| Dec | 11 | Extreme |
Average hourly UV index in Pangkalan Brandan
Modeled clear-sky UV for every hour of every day — when in the day sun protection actually matters.
The whole year hour by hour: each column is a day, each row an hour, and the color is the modeled clear-sky UV index — the midday peak scaled down as the sun sits lower in the sky. Darker overlays mark night, lighter ones the civil-twilight hours around sunrise and sunset.
UV falls off far faster than brightness as the sun drops, so even in February the burn window is concentrated in the middle of the day: about 8 hours a day reach index 3 (protection recommended), and 6.5 hours reach 6 or more. Mornings and late afternoons stay comparatively gentle year round.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV ≥ 3 (h/day) | 7.5 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7.5 | 7.5 |
| UV ≥ 6 (h/day) | 5.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5.5 | 5.5 |
| UV ≥ 3 (h/day) | UV ≥ 6 (h/day) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 7.5 | 5.5 |
| Feb | 8 | 6.5 |
| Mar | 8 | 6.5 |
| Apr | 8 | 6.5 |
| May | 8 | 5.5 |
| Jun | 7.5 | 5.5 |
| Jul | 7.5 | 5.5 |
| Aug | 8 | 6 |
| Sep | 8 | 6 |
| Oct | 8 | 6 |
| Nov | 7.5 | 5.5 |
| Dec | 7.5 | 5.5 |
Air quality in Pangkalan Brandan by month
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see which months the air is worst, not just the yearly average.
Air quality in Pangkalan Brandan is worst in March — around 34 µg/m³ PM2.5 (moderate), and holds fairly steady the rest of the year.
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 28 | 30 | 34 | 34 | 32 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 34 | 34 | 28 | 26 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 28 | Moderate |
| Feb | 30 | Moderate |
| Mar | 34 | Moderate |
| Apr | 34 | Moderate |
| May | 32 | Moderate |
| Jun | 31 | Moderate |
| Jul | 31 | Moderate |
| Aug | 31 | Moderate |
| Sep | 34 | Moderate |
| Oct | 34 | Moderate |
| Nov | 28 | Moderate |
| Dec | 26 | Moderate |
Growing season
Pangkalan Brandan is frost-free year round — even the coldest nights rarely reach freezing, so there is no start or end to the growing season.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frost-free chance (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Frost nights | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Frost-free chance (%) | Frost nights | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 100 | 0 |
| Feb | 100 | 0 |
| Mar | 100 | 0 |
| Apr | 100 | 0 |
| May | 100 | 0 |
| Jun | 100 | 0 |
| Jul | 100 | 0 |
| Aug | 100 | 0 |
| Sep | 100 | 0 |
| Oct | 100 | 0 |
| Nov | 100 | 0 |
| Dec | 100 | 0 |
Growing degree days
Growing degree days tally heat above 10°C: each day adds however many degrees its average temperature runs over that threshold, and cold days add nothing. Pangkalan Brandan banks about 6,230 degree days a year, and the running total — which growers use to time plantings and predict maturity — climbs fastest around May.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Growing degree days (°C·days) | 509 | 472 | 539 | 529 | 550 | 530 | 540 | 535 | 509 | 517 | 493 | 505 |
| Growing degree days (°C·days) | |
|---|---|
| Jan | 509 |
| Feb | 472 |
| Mar | 539 |
| Apr | 529 |
| May | 550 |
| Jun | 530 |
| Jul | 540 |
| Aug | 535 |
| Sep | 509 |
| Oct | 517 |
| Nov | 493 |
| Dec | 505 |
Solar energy
Average daily shortwave solar energy reaching the ground, banded into brightness zones so the number means something at a glance.
Solar energy is how much sunlight actually reaches the ground each day, measured in kilowatt-hours per square metre (kWh/m²) — the combined effect of how long the sun is up, how high it climbs, and how much cloud gets in the way. It's the raw fuel a solar panel has to work with: for scale, 1 kWh/m² a day is dim and wintry, while 7+ is desert-bright.
Pangkalan Brandan receives about 5.0 kWh/m² a day of solar energy on average — bright — with a clear seasonal swing between 4.0 and 5.6 kWh/m².
The brighter stretch of the year lasts 8.0 months, from around Jan 26 to Sep 27. The brightest month is March, averaging about 5.6 kWh/m² (bright).
The dimmest month is December, down near 4.1 kWh/m² — roughly 26% less than the March peak.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 4.8 | 5.4 | 5.6 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 4.6 | 4.1 | 4.0 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 4.8 | Bright |
| Feb | 5.4 | Bright |
| Mar | 5.6 | Bright |
| Apr | 5.3 | Bright |
| May | 5.2 | Bright |
| Jun | 5.2 | Bright |
| Jul | 5.2 | Bright |
| Aug | 5.2 | Bright |
| Sep | 5.1 | Bright |
| Oct | 4.6 | Bright |
| Nov | 4.1 | Bright |
| Dec | 4.0 | Bright |
Where is Pangkalan Brandan?
Pangkalan Brandan sits at 4.0°N, 98.3°E, 5 m above sea level, in Indonesia. The nearest listed city is Tanjungtiram, 11 km away.
Topography around Pangkalan Brandan
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Pangkalan Brandan.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Pangkalan Brandan has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 32 m around an average of 4 m above sea level; within 16 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 102 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 2,973 m.
The land around Pangkalan Brandan is covered by trees (30%) and mangroves (27%) within 3 km, trees (59%) and water (20%) within 16 km, and trees (61%) and water (30%) within 80 km.
Indonesia travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / F
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 29% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $5,060
- 2025
- Happiness
- 5.6 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 30%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 0.3
- per 100k, 2022
- Road deaths
- 11.3
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- Low
- EF EPI 471
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Pangkalan Brandan (4.0238°, 98.2782°, elevation 5 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. Tropical-cyclone seasons are the published climatological basin seasons (NOAA National Hurricane Center / regional warning centres). Sea temperatures are the NOAA OISST v2.1 1991–2020 monthly climatology (public domain), sampled at the nearest ocean point. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).