Climate and average weather in Esquilino
In Esquilino, the summers are hot, fairly dry, and clear and the winters are cool and partly cloudy.
Over the course of the year, the temperature in Esquilino typically varies from 4°C to 31°C, and is rarely below -1°C or above 35°C. August is the hottest month of the year, while January is the coldest.
Based on the travel score, the best times of year to visit Esquilino for warm-weather activities are from late April to early July and late August to late October.
- Hottest
- Aug
- 31°
- Coldest
- Jan
- 4°
- Wettest
- Nov
- 128 mm
- Driest
- Aug
- 22 mm
- Rain / yr
- 844 mm
- 102 wet days
- Daylight
- 8.9–15.1 h
- shortest–longest
- Elevation
- 56 m
- 41.9°N
- Clearest
- Jul
- 21% cloud
Esquilino weather by month, at a glance
The whole year in one picture — sky, rain, humidity, temperature and travel score. Click any band to jump to its full chart.
Each stripe is one measure across the whole year, stacked so a single day reads top to bottom. The sky band runs overcast grey on top down to clear blue at the base — more blue means sunnier — followed by the rainfall curve, the humidity band, a temperature strip that tints each stretch of the year by how warm its average high is, and the travel-score line at the foot. Scan straight down any date to read that day across every measure at once; the score climbs highest around late April to early July.
Temperature through the year
Daily average highs and lows in Esquilino, from 1991–2020 of climate data. The shaded bands show the range most days fall in — 10th to 90th percentile.
The hot season lasts 3.1 months, from June 10 to September 12, with daily high temperatures above 27°C. The hottest month of the year in Esquilino is August, with an average high of 31°C and low of 20°C.
The cool season lasts 3.8 months, from November 19 to March 15, with daily high temperatures below 16°C. The coldest month of the year in Esquilino is January, with an average low of 4°C and high of 12°C.
Days typically run about 10°C warmer than nights, with the widest day–night swing (around 11°C) in July.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 12 | 13 | 16 | 19 | 23 | 28 | 31 | 31 | 26 | 22 | 16 | 12 |
| Avg low (°C) | 4 | 4 | 6 | 9 | 13 | 17 | 19 | 20 | 16 | 13 | 8 | 5 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 12 | 4 |
| Feb | 13 | 4 |
| Mar | 16 | 6 |
| Apr | 19 | 9 |
| May | 23 | 13 |
| Jun | 28 | 17 |
| Jul | 31 | 19 |
| Aug | 31 | 20 |
| Sep | 26 | 16 |
| Oct | 22 | 13 |
| Nov | 16 | 8 |
| Dec | 12 | 5 |
How hot and cold Esquilino really feels
The felt-temperature range through the year — heat index on the day's high (summer humidity), wind chill on the night's low (winter wind). The dashed lines are the plain thermometer; the gap is how much hotter or colder it really feels.
On the hottest afternoons, once humidity is folded in, Esquilino feels like about 32°C (around August 5). About 15 days a year carry some heat stress, peaking in August.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feels-like high (°C) | 12 | 13 | 16 | 19 | 23 | 28 | 31 | 31 | 26 | 21 | 16 | 12 |
| Air high (°C) | 12 | 13 | 16 | 19 | 23 | 28 | 31 | 31 | 26 | 22 | 16 | 12 |
| Feels-like low (°C) | 1 | 1 | 4 | 8 | 13 | 17 | 19 | 20 | 16 | 13 | 7 | 3 |
| Air low (°C) | 4 | 4 | 6 | 9 | 13 | 17 | 19 | 20 | 16 | 13 | 8 | 5 |
| Feels-like high (°C) | Air high (°C) | Feels-like low (°C) | Air low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 12 | 12 | 1 | 4 |
| Feb | 13 | 13 | 1 | 4 |
| Mar | 16 | 16 | 4 | 6 |
| Apr | 19 | 19 | 8 | 9 |
| May | 23 | 23 | 13 | 13 |
| Jun | 28 | 28 | 17 | 17 |
| Jul | 31 | 31 | 19 | 19 |
| Aug | 31 | 31 | 20 | 20 |
| Sep | 26 | 26 | 16 | 16 |
| Oct | 21 | 22 | 13 | 13 |
| Nov | 16 | 16 | 7 | 8 |
| Dec | 12 | 12 | 3 | 5 |
Average hourly temperature in Esquilino
A compact picture of the whole year, hour by hour: each column is a day, each row an hour, and the color is the modeled average temperature. Darker overlays mark night, lighter ones the civil-twilight hours around sunrise and sunset.
Read left to right for the day of the year and top to bottom for the hour of the day; the color is the modeled temperature, cool blues through to hot reds on the same scale as the other charts. A vertical slice is a single day's swing — coolest just before dawn, warmest in the mid-afternoon — while a horizontal slice follows one hour across the seasons. The darker overlay marks night and the lighter one the twilight around sunrise and sunset. Colors run warmest on August afternoons, near 31°C, and coldest before dawn in January, near 4°C.
Esquilino weather by month
Every month at a glance. Click a month for its detailed page.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 12° / 4° | 63 | 8.6 | 9.3 | 3.2 |
| Feb | 13° / 4° | 71 | 9.2 | 10.3 | 3.6 |
| Mar | 16° / 6° | 74 | 9.1 | 11.7 | 5.1 |
| Apr | 19° / 9° | 77 | 10.6 | 13.1 | 6.0 |
| May | 23° / 13° | 58 | 8.4 | 14.3 | 7.3 |
| Jun | 28° / 17° | 34 | 5.5 | 15 | 7.1 |
| Jul | 31° / 19° | 23 | 4 | 14.7 | 5.8 |
| Aug | 31° / 20° | 22 | 4.3 | 13.7 | 5.5 |
| Sep | 26° / 16° | 84 | 8.8 | 12.3 | 7.0 |
| Oct | 22° / 13° | 116 | 10.4 | 10.9 | 6.7 |
| Nov | 16° / 8° | 128 | 12.2 | 9.6 | 4.9 |
| Dec | 12° / 5° | 94 | 10.6 | 9 | 3.4 |
Chance of rain
How likely it is to rain on a typical day, and how that shifts across the wetter and drier seasons.
Esquilino gets about 844 mm of precipitation a year. On a typical day the chance of rain is some rain, but that rises and falls sharply with the seasons.
The wetter season lasts 3.9 months, from around Sep 9 to Jan 4, peaking in November at about 41% chance on a given day. The drier stretch runs the rest of the year, bottoming out around Jul 1.
November is the wettest month by volume, with 128 mm over about 12 wet days; August is the driest, with 22 mm.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain on a day (%) | 29 | 33 | 29 | 35 | 28 | 18 | 12 | 15 | 30 | 34 | 40 | 34 |
| Rain days | 9 | 9 | 9 | 11 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 9 | 10 | 12 | 11 |
| Rain on a day (%) | Rain days | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 29 | 9 |
| Feb | 33 | 9 |
| Mar | 29 | 9 |
| Apr | 35 | 11 |
| May | 28 | 8 |
| Jun | 18 | 6 |
| Jul | 12 | 4 |
| Aug | 15 | 4 |
| Sep | 30 | 9 |
| Oct | 34 | 10 |
| Nov | 40 | 12 |
| Dec | 34 | 11 |
Monthly rainfall
Over a full year, Esquilino collects about 844 mm of rain across 102 wet days — roughly 70 mm in an average month.
It doesn’t fall evenly. November is the wettest month with 128 mm, while August is the driest at just 22 mm. The three wettest months alone bring about 40% of the year’s total.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rainfall (mm) | 63 | 71 | 74 | 77 | 58 | 34 | 23 | 22 | 84 | 116 | 128 | 94 |
| Rain days | 9 | 9 | 9 | 11 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 9 | 10 | 12 | 11 |
| Rainfall (mm) | Rain days | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 63 | 9 |
| Feb | 71 | 9 |
| Mar | 74 | 9 |
| Apr | 77 | 11 |
| May | 58 | 8 |
| Jun | 34 | 6 |
| Jul | 23 | 4 |
| Aug | 22 | 4 |
| Sep | 84 | 9 |
| Oct | 116 | 10 |
| Nov | 128 | 12 |
| Dec | 94 | 11 |
Clouds and sunshine
How often the daytime sky is clear, partly cloudy or overcast.
In Esquilino, the average share of the sky covered by clouds shows significant seasonal variation over the course of the year.
The clearer part of the year begins around May 18 and lasts for 4.5 months, ending around October 1. The clearest month is July, when the sky is clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 92% of the time on average.
The cloudier part of the year begins around October 2 and lasts for 7.5 months, ending around May 17. The cloudiest month is November, when it is overcast or mostly cloudy 48% of the time.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 54 | 56 | 57 | 57 | 65 | 80 | 92 | 89 | 73 | 62 | 52 | 54 |
| Cloudier (%) | 46 | 44 | 43 | 43 | 35 | 20 | 8 | 11 | 27 | 38 | 48 | 46 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 54 | 46 |
| Feb | 56 | 44 |
| Mar | 57 | 43 |
| Apr | 57 | 43 |
| May | 65 | 35 |
| Jun | 80 | 20 |
| Jul | 92 | 8 |
| Aug | 89 | 11 |
| Sep | 73 | 27 |
| Oct | 62 | 38 |
| Nov | 52 | 48 |
| Dec | 54 | 46 |
Daylight, sunrise and sunset
Hours of daylight through the year, with sunrise and sunset times.
The gold band is daylight — sunrise runs along its lower edge, sunset along the upper — so it widens toward summer and pinches toward winter, with night the dark area above and below. The longest day, around June 21, brings about 15 h 06 min of light; the shortest, around December 20, only 8 h 54 min — a swing of roughly 6 h 12 min.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 9.3 | 10.3 | 11.7 | 13.1 | 14.3 | 15.0 | 14.7 | 13.7 | 12.3 | 10.9 | 9.6 | 9.0 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 7:41 | 7:15 | 6:30 | 5:36 | 4:55 | 4:39 | 4:53 | 5:23 | 5:56 | 6:30 | 7:08 | 7:37 |
| Sunset (PM) | 4:57 | 5:34 | 6:09 | 6:44 | 7:17 | 7:41 | 7:39 | 7:05 | 6:13 | 5:20 | 4:43 | 4:35 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 9.3 | 7:41 | 4:57 |
| Feb | 10.3 | 7:15 | 5:34 |
| Mar | 11.7 | 6:30 | 6:09 |
| Apr | 13.1 | 5:36 | 6:44 |
| May | 14.3 | 4:55 | 7:17 |
| Jun | 15.0 | 4:39 | 7:41 |
| Jul | 14.7 | 4:53 | 7:39 |
| Aug | 13.7 | 5:23 | 7:05 |
| Sep | 12.3 | 5:56 | 6:13 |
| Oct | 10.9 | 6:30 | 5:20 |
| Nov | 9.6 | 7:08 | 4:43 |
| Dec | 9.0 | 7:37 | 4:35 |
Sunny days
How many genuinely sunny days each month brings — days the sky stays clear or mostly clear — banded into plain-language zones.
Esquilino averages about 15 sunny days a month — counting the days the sky stays clear or mostly clear — with a clear seasonal swing between 10 and 26 days.
The sunnier stretch runs 3.6 months, from around Jun 3 to Sep 19. The sunniest month is July, with roughly 25 sunny days (brilliant).
The greyest month is November, down near 11 sunny days — about 57% fewer than the July peak.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sunny days | 13 | 12 | 13 | 12 | 14 | 19 | 26 | 24 | 17 | 14 | 11 | 12 |
| Sky | Mixed | Mixed | Mixed | Mixed | Mixed | Bright | Brilliant | Brilliant | Bright | Mixed | Mixed | Mixed |
| Sunny days | Sky | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 13 | Mixed |
| Feb | 12 | Mixed |
| Mar | 13 | Mixed |
| Apr | 12 | Mixed |
| May | 14 | Mixed |
| Jun | 19 | Bright |
| Jul | 26 | Brilliant |
| Aug | 24 | Brilliant |
| Sep | 17 | Bright |
| Oct | 14 | Mixed |
| Nov | 11 | Mixed |
| Dec | 12 | Mixed |
Humidity comfort
Share of days at each humidity comfort level, based on the dew point — the measure that tracks how muggy it actually feels.
Humidity comfort is graded by the dew point — the temperature at which the air would be fully saturated — because it tracks how muggy it actually feels far better than relative humidity does. A low dew point feels dry and crisp; a high one feels sticky and oppressive no matter the reading on a humidity gauge.
In Esquilino, how humid it feels changes dramatically over the year.
The more humid part of the year lasts 4.2 months, from around May 31 to October 4. The muggiest month is August, when the air feels humid, muggy or worse about 78% of the time.
The most comfortable stretch runs from around October 5 to May 30, and April is the most comfortable month — the air is dry or comfortable 100% of the time.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 94 | 55 | 17 | 8 | 5 | 18 | 48 | 89 | 100 |
| Comfortable (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 37 | 36 | 21 | 17 | 31 | 37 | 10 | 0 |
| Humid (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 39 | 43 | 43 | 38 | 13 | 1 | 0 |
| Muggy (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 26 | 33 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Oppressive (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | Humid (%) | Muggy (%) | Oppressive (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Feb | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr | 94 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| May | 55 | 37 | 8 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun | 17 | 36 | 39 | 8 | 0 |
| Jul | 8 | 21 | 43 | 26 | 1 |
| Aug | 5 | 17 | 43 | 33 | 2 |
| Sep | 18 | 31 | 38 | 12 | 0 |
| Oct | 48 | 37 | 13 | 1 | 0 |
| Nov | 89 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Dec | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Wind
Average wind speed through the year, banded into plain-language speed zones so a number reads as 'breezy' or 'calm' without knowing the scale.
This is the average sustained wind speed at the standard 10 metres above open ground — the steady flow a weather station reports, not the sharper gusts that come and go, which can run half again as fast. It's the number that says whether a place is generally breezy or calm.
Wind in Esquilino is steady company: average speeds sit near 8 km/h — calm — in every month of the year, with no meaningful windy or calm season.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 8 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 8 | calm |
| Feb | 9 | calm |
| Mar | 9 | calm |
| Apr | 8 | calm |
| May | 8 | calm |
| Jun | 7 | calm |
| Jul | 7 | calm |
| Aug | 7 | calm |
| Sep | 8 | calm |
| Oct | 8 | calm |
| Nov | 9 | calm |
| Dec | 9 | calm |
Hazard calendar for Esquilino
When the seasonal hazards worth planning around — the rainy season, tropical-cyclone risk and dust haze — are active through the year.
Esquilino's rainy season runs September–April, when most of the year's rain falls.
Best time to visit Esquilino
To characterize how pleasant the weather is in Esquilino throughout the year, we compute two travel scores — one for general sightseeing, one for beach and pool weather.
Around late June, Esquilino is still near the tail of its best-weather window — great conditions with the peak-season crowds already thinning.
Inferred from the travel-score curve; month-by-month visitor numbers are a planned addition.
The travel score favors clear, rainless days with daytime highs between 18°C and 28°C. Based on this score, the best times of year to visit Esquilino for general outdoor tourist activities run from late April to early July and again from late August to late October, with a peak score in the last week of May.
The travel score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Travel score (0–10) | 3.2 | 3.6 | 5.0 | 6.0 | 7.2 | 7.1 | 5.8 | 5.6 | 7.0 | 6.7 | 4.9 | 3.5 |
| Rating | poor | fair | fair | good | good | good | good | good | good | good | fair | poor |
| Travel score (0–10) | Rating | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 3.2 | poor |
| Feb | 3.6 | fair |
| Mar | 5.0 | fair |
| Apr | 6.0 | good |
| May | 7.2 | good |
| Jun | 7.1 | good |
| Jul | 5.8 | good |
| Aug | 5.6 | good |
| Sep | 7.0 | good |
| Oct | 6.7 | good |
| Nov | 4.9 | fair |
| Dec | 3.5 | poor |
The beach/pool score favors clear, rainless days with daytime highs between 24°C and 34°C. Based on this score, the best time of year to visit Esquilino for hot-weather activities is from late May to mid September, with a peak score in the last week of June.
The beach/pool score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).
What to pack for Esquilino, by month
Month by month, what's worth putting in the bag — from the temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind. Tap a month for a quick packing note.
For a warm-season trip around August (highs near 31°C), the essentials are light clothes and sun protection. In the cold season around January (highs near 12°C), pack a warm layer and rain gear.
In August, Esquilino sees daytime highs around 31°C and nights near 20°C. Pack light clothes and sun protection. About 4 days see rain.
Sea temperature near Esquilino
Average ocean temperature at the nearest coast, month by month, banded into swim-comfort zones — the other half of the beach question.
The sea at the nearest coast (about 32 km away) is warmest in August at about 25°C and coldest in February near 14°C.
It's comfortable for a long swim from Jun 1 to Oct 31 — about 5 months when the water holds above 20°C.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sea temperature (°C) | 15 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 18 | 22 | 25 | 25 | 24 | 21 | 19 | 16 |
| Comfort | Bracing | Bracing | Bracing | Cool | Cool | Refreshing | Warm | Warm | Refreshing | Refreshing | Cool | Cool |
| Sea temperature (°C) | Comfort | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 15 | Bracing |
| Feb | 14 | Bracing |
| Mar | 14 | Bracing |
| Apr | 15 | Cool |
| May | 18 | Cool |
| Jun | 22 | Refreshing |
| Jul | 25 | Warm |
| Aug | 25 | Warm |
| Sep | 24 | Refreshing |
| Oct | 21 | Refreshing |
| Nov | 19 | Cool |
| Dec | 16 | Cool |
UV index (midday) in Esquilino by month
Clear-sky midday UV index through the year, shaded by the WHO exposure levels — how much sun protection each month calls for.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Esquilino peaks around July 15 at about 9 (very high) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 21 at about 1 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 8 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 1 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 7 | 9 | 10 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| Level | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | High | Very high | Very high | Very high | High | Moderate | Low | Low |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 1 | Low |
| Feb | 3 | Moderate |
| Mar | 5 | Moderate |
| Apr | 4 | Moderate |
| May | 7 | High |
| Jun | 9 | Very high |
| Jul | 10 | Very high |
| Aug | 8 | Very high |
| Sep | 5 | High |
| Oct | 3 | Moderate |
| Nov | 2 | Low |
| Dec | 1 | Low |
Average hourly UV index in Esquilino
Modeled clear-sky UV for every hour of every day — when in the day sun protection actually matters.
The whole year hour by hour: each column is a day, each row an hour, and the color is the modeled clear-sky UV index — the midday peak scaled down as the sun sits lower in the sky. Darker overlays mark night, lighter ones the civil-twilight hours around sunrise and sunset.
UV falls off far faster than brightness as the sun drops, so even in July the burn window is concentrated in the middle of the day: about 8.5 hours a day reach index 3 (protection recommended), and 5.5 hours reach 6 or more. Mornings and late afternoons stay comparatively gentle year round.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV ≥ 3 (h/day) | 0 | 0 | 5 | 4.5 | 7 | 8.5 | 8.5 | 7.5 | 5.5 | 2.5 | 0 | 0 |
| UV ≥ 6 (h/day) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 5 | 5.5 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| UV ≥ 3 (h/day) | UV ≥ 6 (h/day) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 0 | 0 |
| Feb | 0 | 0 |
| Mar | 5 | 0 |
| Apr | 4.5 | 0 |
| May | 7 | 3 |
| Jun | 8.5 | 5 |
| Jul | 8.5 | 5.5 |
| Aug | 7.5 | 4 |
| Sep | 5.5 | 0 |
| Oct | 2.5 | 0 |
| Nov | 0 | 0 |
| Dec | 0 | 0 |
Air quality in Esquilino by month
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see which months the air is worst, not just the yearly average.
Air quality in Esquilino is worst in April — around 17 µg/m³ PM2.5 (moderate), and holds fairly steady the rest of the year.
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 15 | 15 | 17 | 17 | 15 | 14 | 12 | 13 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 13 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Good | Moderate | Good | Moderate | Good | Moderate |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 15 | Moderate |
| Feb | 15 | Moderate |
| Mar | 17 | Moderate |
| Apr | 17 | Moderate |
| May | 15 | Moderate |
| Jun | 14 | Moderate |
| Jul | 12 | Good |
| Aug | 13 | Moderate |
| Sep | 11 | Good |
| Oct | 12 | Moderate |
| Nov | 12 | Good |
| Dec | 13 | Moderate |
Growing season
Esquilino is mild enough that a frost-free day stays more likely than not even in midwinter. Nights are reliably above freezing from about February 26 to December 12 (290 days); outside that window a hard frost is an occasional risk.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frost-free chance (%) | 84 | 86 | 97 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 99 | 89 |
| Frost nights | 31 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19 |
| Frost-free chance (%) | Frost nights | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 84 | 31 |
| Feb | 86 | 26 |
| Mar | 97 | 0 |
| Apr | 100 | 0 |
| May | 100 | 0 |
| Jun | 100 | 0 |
| Jul | 100 | 0 |
| Aug | 100 | 0 |
| Sep | 100 | 0 |
| Oct | 100 | 0 |
| Nov | 99 | 0 |
| Dec | 89 | 19 |
Growing degree days
Growing degree days tally heat above 10°C: each day adds however many degrees its average temperature runs over that threshold, and cold days add nothing. Esquilino banks about 2,318 degree days a year, and the running total — which growers use to time plantings and predict maturity — climbs fastest around August.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Growing degree days (°C·days) | 0 | 0 | 26 | 111 | 246 | 368 | 468 | 475 | 338 | 216 | 70 | 0 |
| Growing degree days (°C·days) | |
|---|---|
| Jan | 0 |
| Feb | 0 |
| Mar | 26 |
| Apr | 111 |
| May | 246 |
| Jun | 368 |
| Jul | 468 |
| Aug | 475 |
| Sep | 338 |
| Oct | 216 |
| Nov | 70 |
| Dec | 0 |
Solar energy
Average daily shortwave solar energy reaching the ground, banded into brightness zones so the number means something at a glance.
Solar energy is how much sunlight actually reaches the ground each day, measured in kilowatt-hours per square metre (kWh/m²) — the combined effect of how long the sun is up, how high it climbs, and how much cloud gets in the way. It's the raw fuel a solar panel has to work with: for scale, 1 kWh/m² a day is dim and wintry, while 7+ is desert-bright.
Esquilino receives about 4.4 kWh/m² a day of solar energy on average — bright — with a clear seasonal swing between 1.6 and 7.2 kWh/m².
The brighter stretch of the year lasts 6.0 months, from around Mar 21 to Sep 18. The brightest month is July, averaging about 7.1 kWh/m² (intense).
The dimmest month is December, down near 1.7 kWh/m² — roughly 77% less than the July peak.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 1.9 | 2.8 | 4.1 | 5.3 | 6.3 | 7.0 | 7.1 | 6.2 | 4.5 | 3.1 | 2.0 | 1.6 |
| Level | Dim | Moderate | Bright | Bright | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Bright | Moderate | Moderate | Dim |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 1.9 | Dim |
| Feb | 2.8 | Moderate |
| Mar | 4.1 | Bright |
| Apr | 5.3 | Bright |
| May | 6.3 | Intense |
| Jun | 7.0 | Intense |
| Jul | 7.1 | Intense |
| Aug | 6.2 | Intense |
| Sep | 4.5 | Bright |
| Oct | 3.1 | Moderate |
| Nov | 2.0 | Moderate |
| Dec | 1.6 | Dim |
Where is Esquilino?
Esquilino sits at 41.9°N, 12.5°E, 56 m above sea level, in Italy. The nearest listed city is Rome, 1.0 km away.
Topography around Esquilino
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Esquilino.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Esquilino has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 83 m around an average of 46 m above sea level; within 16 km, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 257 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 2,441 m.
The land around Esquilino is covered by artificial surfaces (74%) and trees (23%) within 3 km, artificial surfaces (32%), trees (30%) and cropland (21%) within 16 km, and trees (46%) and water (25%) within 80 km.
Italy travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / F / L
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 69% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $43,309
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.6 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 97%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 0.6
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 5.3
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- English
- Moderate
- EF EPI 513
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Esquilino (41.8993°, 12.5139°, elevation 56 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. Sea temperatures are the NOAA OISST v2.1 1991–2020 monthly climatology (public domain), sampled at the nearest ocean point. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).