Climate and average weather in Astana
In Astana, the summers are warm, showery, and partly cloudy and the winters are frigid, snowy, and mostly cloudy.
Over the course of the year, the temperature in Astana typically varies from -19°C to 26°C, and is rarely below -30°C or above 32°C. July is the hottest month of the year, while January is the coldest.
Based on the travel score, the best time of year to visit Astana for warm-weather activities is from early May to late September.
- Hottest
- Jul
- 26°
- Coldest
- Jan
- -19°
- Wettest
- Jul
- 58 mm
- Driest
- Jan
- 14 mm
- Rain / yr
- 344 mm
- 81 wet days
- Daylight
- 7.7–16.3 h
- shortest–longest
- Elevation
- 358 m
- 51.2°N
- Clearest
- Aug
- 52% cloud
Astana is capital of Kazakhstan.
- Air quality
- Elevated
- PM2.5 21.8 µg/m³ · 2019
- Density
- 1,937/km²
- people per km²
- Founded
- 1830
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Astana weather by month, at a glance
The whole year in one picture — sky, rain, humidity, temperature and travel score. Click any band to jump to its full chart.
Each stripe is one measure across the whole year, stacked so a single day reads top to bottom. The sky band runs overcast grey on top down to clear blue at the base — more blue means sunnier — followed by the rainfall curve, the humidity band, a temperature strip that tints each stretch of the year by how warm its average high is, and the travel-score line at the foot. Scan straight down any date to read that day across every measure at once; the score climbs highest around early May to late September.
Temperature through the year
Daily average highs and lows in Astana, from 1991–2020 of climate data. The shaded bands show the range most days fall in — 10th to 90th percentile.
The hot season lasts 4.7 months, from May 1 to September 20, with daily high temperatures above 16°C. The hottest month of the year in Astana is July, with an average high of 26°C and low of 14°C.
The cool season lasts 3.7 months, from November 20 to March 11, with daily high temperatures below -4°C. The coldest month of the year in Astana is January, with an average low of -19°C and high of -11°C.
Days typically run about 10°C warmer than nights, with the widest day–night swing (around 13°C) in May.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | -11 | -10 | -2 | 11 | 20 | 25 | 26 | 24 | 18 | 9 | -2 | -9 |
| Avg low (°C) | -18 | -18 | -11 | 0 | 7 | 13 | 14 | 12 | 6 | 0 | -9 | -16 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | -11 | -18 |
| Feb | -10 | -18 |
| Mar | -2 | -11 |
| Apr | 11 | 0 |
| May | 20 | 7 |
| Jun | 25 | 13 |
| Jul | 26 | 14 |
| Aug | 24 | 12 |
| Sep | 18 | 6 |
| Oct | 9 | 0 |
| Nov | -2 | -9 |
| Dec | -9 | -16 |
How hot and cold Astana really feels
The felt-temperature range through the year — heat index on the day's high (summer humidity), wind chill on the night's low (winter wind). The dashed lines are the plain thermometer; the gap is how much hotter or colder it really feels.
On the coldest nights, wind chill pulls the feels-like down to about -28°C (around January 25), with roughly 211 freezing days a year (feels-like at or below 0°C) — 149 of them bitterly cold — worst in January.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feels-like high (°C) | -11 | -10 | -2 | 11 | 20 | 25 | 26 | 24 | 18 | 9 | -2 | -9 |
| Air high (°C) | -11 | -10 | -2 | 11 | 20 | 25 | 26 | 24 | 18 | 9 | -2 | -9 |
| Feels-like low (°C) | -27 | -27 | -18 | -4 | 4 | 13 | 14 | 12 | 4 | -4 | -16 | -24 |
| Air low (°C) | -18 | -18 | -11 | 0 | 7 | 13 | 14 | 12 | 6 | 0 | -9 | -16 |
| Feels-like high (°C) | Air high (°C) | Feels-like low (°C) | Air low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | -11 | -11 | -27 | -18 |
| Feb | -10 | -10 | -27 | -18 |
| Mar | -2 | -2 | -18 | -11 |
| Apr | 11 | 11 | -4 | 0 |
| May | 20 | 20 | 4 | 7 |
| Jun | 25 | 25 | 13 | 13 |
| Jul | 26 | 26 | 14 | 14 |
| Aug | 24 | 24 | 12 | 12 |
| Sep | 18 | 18 | 4 | 6 |
| Oct | 9 | 9 | -4 | 0 |
| Nov | -2 | -2 | -16 | -9 |
| Dec | -9 | -9 | -24 | -16 |
Average hourly temperature in Astana
A compact picture of the whole year, hour by hour: each column is a day, each row an hour, and the color is the modeled average temperature. Darker overlays mark night, lighter ones the civil-twilight hours around sunrise and sunset.
Read left to right for the day of the year and top to bottom for the hour of the day; the color is the modeled temperature, cool blues through to hot reds on the same scale as the other charts. A vertical slice is a single day's swing — coolest just before dawn, warmest in the mid-afternoon — while a horizontal slice follows one hour across the seasons. The darker overlay marks night and the lighter one the twilight around sunrise and sunset. Colors run warmest on July afternoons, near 26°C, and coldest before dawn in January, near -19°C.
Astana weather by month
Every month at a glance. Click a month for its detailed page.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | -11° / -19° | 14 | 4.7 | 6.1 | 8.2 | 0.0 |
| Feb | -10° / -18° | 15 | 4.1 | 5.3 | 9.6 | 0.0 |
| Mar | -2° / -11° | 20 | 5.9 | 5 | 11.5 | 0.0 |
| Apr | 11° / 0° | 25 | 6.6 | 1.7 | 13.5 | 3.2 |
| May | 20° / 7° | 35 | 7.6 | 0.3 | 15.3 | 6.6 |
| Jun | 25° / 13° | 45 | 8.7 | 0 | 16.2 | 7.1 |
| Jul | 26° / 14° | 58 | 11.3 | 0 | 15.9 | 6.6 |
| Aug | 24° / 12° | 34 | 7.4 | 0 | 14.4 | 7.3 |
| Sep | 18° / 6° | 25 | 5.3 | 0.2 | 12.4 | 6.3 |
| Oct | 9° / -0° | 27 | 6 | 2.3 | 10.4 | 2.2 |
| Nov | -2° / -9° | 26 | 6.6 | 5.9 | 8.7 | 0.0 |
| Dec | -9° / -16° | 21 | 6.4 | 7.8 | 7.7 | 0.0 |
Chance of rain
How likely it is to rain on a typical day, and how that shifts across the wetter and drier seasons.
Astana gets about 344 mm of precipitation a year. On a typical day the chance of rain is some rain, but that rises and falls sharply with the seasons.
The wetter season lasts 4.3 months, from around Apr 23 to Aug 30, peaking in July at about 38% chance on a given day. The drier stretch runs the rest of the year, bottoming out around Feb 1.
July is the wettest month by volume, with 58 mm over about 11 wet days; January is the driest, with 14 mm. Some of the cold-season precipitation falls as snow.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain on a day (%) | 16 | 15 | 19 | 21 | 26 | 29 | 35 | 24 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 20 |
| Rain days | 5 | 4 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 11 | 7 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 6 |
| Rain on a day (%) | Rain days | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 16 | 5 |
| Feb | 15 | 4 |
| Mar | 19 | 6 |
| Apr | 21 | 7 |
| May | 26 | 8 |
| Jun | 29 | 9 |
| Jul | 35 | 11 |
| Aug | 24 | 7 |
| Sep | 19 | 5 |
| Oct | 20 | 6 |
| Nov | 21 | 7 |
| Dec | 20 | 6 |
Monthly rainfall
Over a full year, Astana collects about 344 mm of rain across 81 wet days — roughly 29 mm in an average month.
It doesn’t fall evenly. July is the wettest month with 58 mm, while January is the driest at just 14 mm. The three wettest months alone bring about 40% of the year’s total, and some of the cold-season precipitation falls as snow.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rainfall (mm) | 14 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 35 | 45 | 58 | 34 | 25 | 27 | 26 | 21 |
| Rain days | 5 | 4 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 11 | 7 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 6 |
| Snow days | 6 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 8 |
| Rainfall (mm) | Rain days | Snow days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 14 | 5 | 6 |
| Feb | 15 | 4 | 5 |
| Mar | 20 | 6 | 5 |
| Apr | 25 | 7 | 2 |
| May | 35 | 8 | 0 |
| Jun | 45 | 9 | 0 |
| Jul | 58 | 11 | 0 |
| Aug | 34 | 7 | 0 |
| Sep | 25 | 5 | 0 |
| Oct | 27 | 6 | 2 |
| Nov | 26 | 7 | 6 |
| Dec | 21 | 6 | 8 |
Snow in Astana
Average snowy days through the year, the snow-season span, and estimated snowfall — for ski trips and the perennial 'will there be snow at Christmas?' question.
Astana averages about 35 snowy days a year. Snow season runs roughly Sep 25 to May 9 — about 7.5 months.
December is snowiest, with roughly 7 days of snow and an estimated 22 cm of snowfall. Over the year that adds up to an estimated 116 cm of snow.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Snow days | 6 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 8 |
| Snowfall (cm) | 21 | 20 | 18 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 22 | 22 |
| Snow days | Snowfall (cm) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 6 | 21 |
| Feb | 5 | 20 |
| Mar | 5 | 18 |
| Apr | 2 | 5 |
| May | 0 | 1 |
| Jun | 0 | 0 |
| Jul | 0 | 0 |
| Aug | 0 | 0 |
| Sep | 0 | 1 |
| Oct | 2 | 7 |
| Nov | 6 | 22 |
| Dec | 8 | 22 |
Clouds and sunshine
How often the daytime sky is clear, partly cloudy or overcast.
In Astana, the average share of the sky covered by clouds shows significant seasonal variation over the course of the year.
The clearer part of the year begins around March 31 and lasts for 6.6 months, ending around October 16. The clearest month is August, when the sky is clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 56% of the time on average.
The cloudier part of the year begins around October 17 and lasts for 5.4 months, ending around March 30. The cloudiest month is January, when it is overcast or mostly cloudy 82% of the time.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 18 | 20 | 29 | 44 | 51 | 54 | 54 | 56 | 48 | 37 | 26 | 18 |
| Cloudier (%) | 82 | 80 | 71 | 56 | 49 | 46 | 46 | 44 | 52 | 63 | 74 | 82 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 18 | 82 |
| Feb | 20 | 80 |
| Mar | 29 | 71 |
| Apr | 44 | 56 |
| May | 51 | 49 |
| Jun | 54 | 46 |
| Jul | 54 | 46 |
| Aug | 56 | 44 |
| Sep | 48 | 52 |
| Oct | 37 | 63 |
| Nov | 26 | 74 |
| Dec | 18 | 82 |
Daylight, sunrise and sunset
Hours of daylight through the year, with sunrise and sunset times.
The gold band is daylight — sunrise runs along its lower edge, sunset along the upper — so it widens toward summer and pinches toward winter, with night the dark area above and below. The longest day, around June 12, brings about 16 h 18 min of light; the shortest, around January 1, only 7 h 42 min — a swing of roughly 8 h 36 min.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 8.2 | 9.6 | 11.5 | 13.5 | 15.3 | 16.2 | 15.9 | 14.4 | 12.4 | 10.4 | 8.7 | 7.7 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 9:19 | 8:39 | 7:38 | 6:27 | 5:31 | 5:05 | 5:22 | 6:07 | 6:57 | 7:47 | 8:41 | 9:20 |
| Sunset (PM) | 5:28 | 6:18 | 7:09 | 8:02 | 8:50 | 9:24 | 9:17 | 8:30 | 7:20 | 6:11 | 5:18 | 5:01 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 8.2 | 9:19 | 5:28 |
| Feb | 9.6 | 8:39 | 6:18 |
| Mar | 11.5 | 7:38 | 7:09 |
| Apr | 13.5 | 6:27 | 8:02 |
| May | 15.3 | 5:31 | 8:50 |
| Jun | 16.2 | 5:05 | 9:24 |
| Jul | 15.9 | 5:22 | 9:17 |
| Aug | 14.4 | 6:07 | 8:30 |
| Sep | 12.4 | 6:57 | 7:20 |
| Oct | 10.4 | 7:47 | 6:11 |
| Nov | 8.7 | 8:41 | 5:18 |
| Dec | 7.7 | 9:20 | 5:01 |
Sunny days
How many genuinely sunny days each month brings — days the sky stays clear or mostly clear — banded into plain-language zones.
Astana averages about 7 sunny days a month — counting the days the sky stays clear or mostly clear — with a clear seasonal swing between 3 and 12 days.
The sunnier stretch runs 6.8 months, from around Mar 27 to Oct 18. The sunniest month is August, with roughly 11 sunny days (mixed).
The greyest month is February, down near 4 sunny days — about 63% fewer than the August peak.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sunny days | 4 | 4 | 6 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 10 | 8 | 6 | 4 |
| Sky | Gloomy | Gloomy | Gloomy | Mixed | Mixed | Mixed | Mixed | Mixed | Mixed | Gloomy | Gloomy | Gloomy |
| Sunny days | Sky | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 4 | Gloomy |
| Feb | 4 | Gloomy |
| Mar | 6 | Gloomy |
| Apr | 9 | Mixed |
| May | 10 | Mixed |
| Jun | 9 | Mixed |
| Jul | 10 | Mixed |
| Aug | 11 | Mixed |
| Sep | 10 | Mixed |
| Oct | 8 | Gloomy |
| Nov | 6 | Gloomy |
| Dec | 4 | Gloomy |
Humidity comfort
Share of days at each humidity comfort level, based on the dew point — the measure that tracks how muggy it actually feels.
Humidity comfort is graded by the dew point — the temperature at which the air would be fully saturated — because it tracks how muggy it actually feels far better than relative humidity does. A low dew point feels dry and crisp; a high one feels sticky and oppressive no matter the reading on a humidity gauge.
In Astana, the air stays dry or comfortable essentially all year. Even in July, the muggiest month, it feels humid or worse only about 6% of the time — humidity is not something you need to plan around here.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 99 | 88 | 70 | 89 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Comfortable (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 23 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Humid (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | Humid (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Feb | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| May | 99 | 1 | 0 |
| Jun | 88 | 10 | 2 |
| Jul | 70 | 23 | 6 |
| Aug | 89 | 10 | 1 |
| Sep | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Oct | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Dec | 100 | 0 | 0 |
Wind
Average wind speed through the year, banded into plain-language speed zones so a number reads as 'breezy' or 'calm' without knowing the scale.
This is the average sustained wind speed at the standard 10 metres above open ground — the steady flow a weather station reports, not the sharper gusts that come and go, which can run half again as fast. It's the number that says whether a place is generally breezy or calm.
Across the year, average wind speed in Astana is typically light breeze, near 14 km/h, and varies little with the seasons.
The windier part of the year lasts 7.0 months, from around Oct 18 to May 17. The windiest month is December, averaging about 15 km/h (light breeze).
The calmer part of the year runs from around May 18 to Oct 17, with August the calmest month at about 12 km/h.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 15 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 15 |
| Feels | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 15 | light breeze |
| Feb | 15 | light breeze |
| Mar | 15 | light breeze |
| Apr | 14 | light breeze |
| May | 14 | light breeze |
| Jun | 13 | light breeze |
| Jul | 12 | light breeze |
| Aug | 12 | light breeze |
| Sep | 13 | light breeze |
| Oct | 14 | light breeze |
| Nov | 14 | light breeze |
| Dec | 15 | light breeze |
Best time to visit Astana
To characterize how pleasant the weather is in Astana throughout the year, we compute two travel scores — one for general sightseeing, one for beach and pool weather.
Around mid May, Astana is still near the start of its best-weather window — great conditions with the peak-season crowds not yet at full swing.
Inferred from the travel-score curve; month-by-month visitor numbers are a planned addition.
The travel score favors clear, rainless days with daytime highs between 18°C and 28°C. Based on this score, the best time of year to visit Astana for general outdoor tourist activities is from early May to late September, with a peak score in the second week of August.
The travel score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Travel score (0–10) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.2 | 6.5 | 7.0 | 6.7 | 7.3 | 6.2 | 2.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Rating | poor | poor | poor | poor | good | good | good | good | good | poor | poor | poor |
| Travel score (0–10) | Rating | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 0.0 | poor |
| Feb | 0.0 | poor |
| Mar | 0.0 | poor |
| Apr | 3.2 | poor |
| May | 6.5 | good |
| Jun | 7.0 | good |
| Jul | 6.7 | good |
| Aug | 7.3 | good |
| Sep | 6.2 | good |
| Oct | 2.2 | poor |
| Nov | 0.0 | poor |
| Dec | 0.0 | poor |
The beach/pool score favors clear, rainless days with daytime highs between 24°C and 34°C. Based on this score, the best time of year to visit Astana for hot-weather activities is from early June to late August, with a peak score in the first week of August.
The beach/pool score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).
What to pack for Astana, by month
Month by month, what's worth putting in the bag — from the temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind. Tap a month for a quick packing note.
For a warm-season trip around July (highs near 26°C), the essentials are light clothes, rain gear and sun protection. In the cold season around January (highs near -11°C), pack a warm layer and a heavy coat.
In July, Astana sees daytime highs around 26°C and nights near 14°C. Worth packing: light clothes, rain gear and sun protection. About 11 days see rain.
UV index (midday) in Astana by month
Clear-sky midday UV index through the year, shaded by the WHO exposure levels — how much sun protection each month calls for.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Astana peaks around June 23 at about 6 (high) — sunscreen and a hat are worth it in the middle of the day. It bottoms out near December 23 at about 1 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 6 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| Level | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate | High | High | High | High | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 1 | Low |
| Feb | 2 | Low |
| Mar | 3 | Moderate |
| Apr | 4 | Moderate |
| May | 6 | High |
| Jun | 6 | High |
| Jul | 6 | High |
| Aug | 6 | High |
| Sep | 4 | Moderate |
| Oct | 2 | Moderate |
| Nov | 2 | Low |
| Dec | 1 | Low |
Average hourly UV index in Astana
Modeled clear-sky UV for every hour of every day — when in the day sun protection actually matters.
The whole year hour by hour: each column is a day, each row an hour, and the color is the modeled clear-sky UV index — the midday peak scaled down as the sun sits lower in the sky. Darker overlays mark night, lighter ones the civil-twilight hours around sunrise and sunset.
UV falls off far faster than brightness as the sun drops, so even in June the burn window is concentrated in the middle of the day: about 8 hours a day reach index 3 (protection recommended), and 2.5 hours reach 6 or more. Mornings and late afternoons stay comparatively gentle year round.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV ≥ 3 (h/day) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 7.5 | 6.5 | 3.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| UV ≥ 6 (h/day) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| UV ≥ 3 (h/day) | UV ≥ 6 (h/day) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 0 | 0 |
| Feb | 0 | 0 |
| Mar | 0 | 0 |
| Apr | 5 | 0 |
| May | 7 | 1.5 |
| Jun | 8 | 2.5 |
| Jul | 7.5 | 2.5 |
| Aug | 6.5 | 0 |
| Sep | 3.5 | 0 |
| Oct | 0 | 0 |
| Nov | 0 | 0 |
| Dec | 0 | 0 |
Air quality in Astana by month
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see which months the air is worst, not just the yearly average.
Air quality in Astana is worst in April — around 35 µg/m³ PM2.5 (moderate), about 2.6× the cleanest month (December, 13 µg/m³).
Seasonal pattern from CAMS reanalysis, scaled to Astana's WHO annual average of 21.8 µg/m³.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 16 | 21 | 28 | 35 | 25 | 18 | 25 | 17 | 18 | 25 | 21 | 13 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 16 | Moderate |
| Feb | 21 | Moderate |
| Mar | 28 | Moderate |
| Apr | 35 | Moderate |
| May | 25 | Moderate |
| Jun | 18 | Moderate |
| Jul | 25 | Moderate |
| Aug | 17 | Moderate |
| Sep | 18 | Moderate |
| Oct | 25 | Moderate |
| Nov | 21 | Moderate |
| Dec | 13 | Moderate |
Growing season
The growing season in Astana typically lasts about 185 days, from around April 14 to October 15 — the span where a frost-free day is more likely than not. It is reliably frost-free from May 10 to September 21.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frost-free chance (%) | 1 | 1 | 7 | 52 | 93 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 93 | 50 | 11 | 2 |
| Frost nights | 31 | 28 | 31 | 30 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 31 | 30 | 31 |
| Frost-free chance (%) | Frost nights | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 1 | 31 |
| Feb | 1 | 28 |
| Mar | 7 | 31 |
| Apr | 52 | 30 |
| May | 93 | 10 |
| Jun | 100 | 0 |
| Jul | 100 | 0 |
| Aug | 100 | 0 |
| Sep | 93 | 10 |
| Oct | 50 | 31 |
| Nov | 11 | 30 |
| Dec | 2 | 31 |
Growing degree days
Growing degree days tally heat above 10°C: each day adds however many degrees its average temperature runs over that threshold, and cold days add nothing. Astana banks about 998 degree days a year, and the running total — which growers use to time plantings and predict maturity — climbs fastest around July.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Growing degree days (°C·days) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 106 | 258 | 308 | 257 | 69 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Growing degree days (°C·days) | |
|---|---|
| Jan | 0 |
| Feb | 0 |
| Mar | 0 |
| Apr | 0 |
| May | 106 |
| Jun | 258 |
| Jul | 308 |
| Aug | 257 |
| Sep | 69 |
| Oct | 0 |
| Nov | 0 |
| Dec | 0 |
Solar energy
Average daily shortwave solar energy reaching the ground, banded into brightness zones so the number means something at a glance.
Solar energy is how much sunlight actually reaches the ground each day, measured in kilowatt-hours per square metre (kWh/m²) — the combined effect of how long the sun is up, how high it climbs, and how much cloud gets in the way. It's the raw fuel a solar panel has to work with: for scale, 1 kWh/m² a day is dim and wintry, while 7+ is desert-bright.
Astana receives about 3.5 kWh/m² a day of solar energy on average — moderate — with a clear seasonal swing between 0.8 and 6.3 kWh/m².
The brighter stretch of the year lasts 6.0 months, from around Mar 15 to Sep 14. The brightest month is June, averaging about 6.2 kWh/m² (intense).
The dimmest month is December, down near 0.9 kWh/m² — roughly 86% less than the June peak.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 1.2 | 2.1 | 3.6 | 5.0 | 6.0 | 6.3 | 5.8 | 5.0 | 3.5 | 1.9 | 1.1 | 0.8 |
| Level | Dim | Moderate | Moderate | Bright | Bright | Intense | Bright | Bright | Moderate | Dim | Dim | Dim |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 1.2 | Dim |
| Feb | 2.1 | Moderate |
| Mar | 3.6 | Moderate |
| Apr | 5.0 | Bright |
| May | 6.0 | Bright |
| Jun | 6.3 | Intense |
| Jul | 5.8 | Bright |
| Aug | 5.0 | Bright |
| Sep | 3.5 | Moderate |
| Oct | 1.9 | Dim |
| Nov | 1.1 | Dim |
| Dec | 0.8 | Dim |
Where is Astana?
Astana sits at 51.2°N, 71.4°E, 358 m above sea level, in Kazakhstan. The nearest listed city is Stepnogorsk, 134 km away.
What Astana looks like
Topography around Astana
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Astana.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Astana has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 30 m around an average of 357 m above sea level; within 16 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 100 m; within 80 km, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 359 m.
The land around Astana is covered by artificial surfaces (75%) within 3 km, grassland (66%) within 16 km, and grassland (50%) and cropland (46%) within 80 km.
Kazakhstan travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 1
- Exercise Normal Precautions
- Power plugs
- Type C / F
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 33% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $14,692
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.6 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 92%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 2.6
- per 100k, 2022
- Road deaths
- 12.7
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- Very low
- EF EPI 417
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Astana (51.1801°, 71.446°, elevation 358 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).