Climate and average weather in Turkestan
In Turkestan, the summers are sweltering, dry, and clear and the winters are cold, snowy, and partly cloudy.
Over the course of the year, the temperature in Turkestan typically varies from -5°C to 36°C, and is rarely below -14°C or above 41°C. July is the hottest month of the year, while January is the coldest.
Based on the travel score, the best times of year to visit Turkestan for warm-weather activities are from mid April to mid May and mid September to late October.
- Hottest
- Jul
- 36°
- Coldest
- Jan
- -5°
- Wettest
- Mar
- 37 mm
- Driest
- Sep
- 2 mm
- Rain / yr
- 264 mm
- 53 wet days
- Daylight
- 8.8–15.2 h
- shortest–longest
- Elevation
- 217 m
- 43.3°N
- Clearest
- Aug
- 12% cloud
Turkestan is city in Turkistan Region, Kazakhstan.
- Density
- 1,157/km²
- people per km²
- Founded
- ~416 CE
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Turkestan weather by month, at a glance
The whole year in one picture — sky, rain, humidity, temperature and travel score. Click any band to jump to its full chart.
Each stripe is one measure across the whole year, stacked so a single day reads top to bottom. The sky band runs overcast grey on top down to clear blue at the base — more blue means sunnier — followed by the rainfall curve, the humidity band, a temperature strip that tints each stretch of the year by how warm its average high is, and the travel-score line at the foot. Scan straight down any date to read that day across every measure at once; the score climbs highest around mid September to late October.
Temperature through the year
Daily average highs and lows in Turkestan, from 1991–2020 of climate data. The shaded bands show the range most days fall in — 10th to 90th percentile.
The hot season lasts 4.3 months, from May 12 to September 19, with daily high temperatures above 27°C. The hottest month of the year in Turkestan is July, with an average high of 36°C and low of 23°C.
The cool season lasts 3.3 months, from November 22 to February 28, with daily high temperatures below 9°C. The coldest month of the year in Turkestan is January, with an average low of -5°C and high of 2°C.
Days typically run about 11°C warmer than nights, with the widest day–night swing (around 14°C) in June.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 2 | 5 | 13 | 21 | 28 | 34 | 36 | 35 | 28 | 20 | 11 | 4 |
| Avg low (°C) | -5 | -3 | 3 | 10 | 16 | 20 | 23 | 21 | 15 | 8 | 1 | -4 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 2 | -5 |
| Feb | 5 | -3 |
| Mar | 13 | 3 |
| Apr | 21 | 10 |
| May | 28 | 16 |
| Jun | 34 | 20 |
| Jul | 36 | 23 |
| Aug | 35 | 21 |
| Sep | 28 | 15 |
| Oct | 20 | 8 |
| Nov | 11 | 1 |
| Dec | 4 | -4 |
How hot and cold Turkestan really feels
The felt-temperature range through the year — heat index on the day's high (summer humidity), wind chill on the night's low (winter wind). The dashed lines are the plain thermometer; the gap is how much hotter or colder it really feels.
On the hottest afternoons, once humidity is folded in, Turkestan feels like about 36°C (around July 8). About 89 days a year carry some heat stress, peaking in July.
On the coldest nights, wind chill pulls the feels-like down to about -10°C (around January 19), with roughly 128 freezing days a year (feels-like at or below 0°C), worst in January.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feels-like high (°C) | 2 | 5 | 13 | 21 | 28 | 34 | 36 | 35 | 28 | 20 | 11 | 4 |
| Air high (°C) | 2 | 5 | 13 | 21 | 28 | 34 | 36 | 35 | 28 | 20 | 11 | 4 |
| Feels-like low (°C) | -9 | -7 | 0 | 9 | 16 | 20 | 22 | 21 | 15 | 6 | -2 | -7 |
| Air low (°C) | -5 | -3 | 3 | 10 | 16 | 20 | 23 | 21 | 15 | 8 | 1 | -4 |
| Feels-like high (°C) | Air high (°C) | Feels-like low (°C) | Air low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 2 | 2 | -9 | -5 |
| Feb | 5 | 5 | -7 | -3 |
| Mar | 13 | 13 | 0 | 3 |
| Apr | 21 | 21 | 9 | 10 |
| May | 28 | 28 | 16 | 16 |
| Jun | 34 | 34 | 20 | 20 |
| Jul | 36 | 36 | 22 | 23 |
| Aug | 35 | 35 | 21 | 21 |
| Sep | 28 | 28 | 15 | 15 |
| Oct | 20 | 20 | 6 | 8 |
| Nov | 11 | 11 | -2 | 1 |
| Dec | 4 | 4 | -7 | -4 |
Average hourly temperature in Turkestan
A compact picture of the whole year, hour by hour: each column is a day, each row an hour, and the color is the modeled average temperature. Darker overlays mark night, lighter ones the civil-twilight hours around sunrise and sunset.
Read left to right for the day of the year and top to bottom for the hour of the day; the color is the modeled temperature, cool blues through to hot reds on the same scale as the other charts. A vertical slice is a single day's swing — coolest just before dawn, warmest in the mid-afternoon — while a horizontal slice follows one hour across the seasons. The darker overlay marks night and the lighter one the twilight around sunrise and sunset. Colors run warmest on July afternoons, near 36°C, and coldest before dawn in January, near -5°C.
Turkestan weather by month
Every month at a glance. Click a month for its detailed page.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 2° / -5° | 35 | 7.9 | 4.4 | 9.2 | 0.0 |
| Feb | 5° / -4° | 33 | 6.7 | 2.7 | 10.2 | 0.4 |
| Mar | 13° / 3° | 37 | 7 | 0.8 | 11.6 | 3.9 |
| Apr | 21° / 10° | 33 | 6.6 | 0 | 13.2 | 7.2 |
| May | 28° / 16° | 27 | 4.6 | 0 | 14.5 | 6.8 |
| Jun | 34° / 20° | 10 | 2.3 | 0 | 15.1 | 3.9 |
| Jul | 36° / 23° | 6 | 1.3 | 0 | 14.9 | 2.7 |
| Aug | 35° / 21° | 3 | 0.7 | 0 | 13.8 | 3.7 |
| Sep | 28° / 15° | 2 | 0.6 | 0 | 12.3 | 7.7 |
| Oct | 20° / 8° | 13 | 2.9 | 0 | 10.8 | 7.7 |
| Nov | 11° / 1° | 33 | 6 | 1.2 | 9.5 | 2.9 |
| Dec | 4° / -4° | 32 | 6.6 | 3.3 | 8.9 | 0.0 |
Chance of rain
How likely it is to rain on a typical day, and how that shifts across the wetter and drier seasons.
Turkestan gets about 264 mm of precipitation a year. On a typical day the chance of rain is mostly dry, but that rises and falls sharply with the seasons.
The wetter season lasts 6.6 months, from around Oct 29 to May 18, peaking in January at about 26% chance on a given day. The drier stretch runs the rest of the year, bottoming out around Sep 7.
March is the wettest month by volume, with 37 mm over about 7 wet days; September is the driest, with 2 mm. Some of the cold-season precipitation falls as snow.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain on a day (%) | 25 | 24 | 23 | 21 | 15 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 10 | 19 | 22 |
| Rain days | 8 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 7 |
| Rain on a day (%) | Rain days | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 25 | 8 |
| Feb | 24 | 7 |
| Mar | 23 | 7 |
| Apr | 21 | 7 |
| May | 15 | 5 |
| Jun | 8 | 2 |
| Jul | 4 | 1 |
| Aug | 2 | 1 |
| Sep | 2 | 1 |
| Oct | 10 | 3 |
| Nov | 19 | 6 |
| Dec | 22 | 7 |
Monthly rainfall
Over a full year, Turkestan collects about 264 mm of rain across 53 wet days — roughly 22 mm in an average month.
It doesn’t fall evenly. March is the wettest month with 37 mm, while September is the driest at just 2 mm. The three wettest months alone bring about 40% of the year’s total, and some of the cold-season precipitation falls as snow.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rainfall (mm) | 35 | 33 | 37 | 33 | 27 | 10 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 13 | 33 | 32 |
| Rain days | 8 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 7 |
| Snow days | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
| Rainfall (mm) | Rain days | Snow days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 35 | 8 | 4 |
| Feb | 33 | 7 | 3 |
| Mar | 37 | 7 | 1 |
| Apr | 33 | 7 | 0 |
| May | 27 | 5 | 0 |
| Jun | 10 | 2 | 0 |
| Jul | 6 | 1 | 0 |
| Aug | 3 | 1 | 0 |
| Sep | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Oct | 13 | 3 | 0 |
| Nov | 33 | 6 | 1 |
| Dec | 32 | 7 | 3 |
Snow in Turkestan
Average snowy days through the year, the snow-season span, and estimated snowfall — for ski trips and the perennial 'will there be snow at Christmas?' question.
Turkestan averages about 12 snowy days a year. Snow season runs roughly Nov 6 to Mar 19 — about 4.4 months.
January is snowiest, with roughly 4 days of snow and an estimated 19 cm of snowfall. Over the year that adds up to an estimated 48 cm of snow.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Snow days | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
| Snowfall (cm) | 19 | 11 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 12 |
| Snow days | Snowfall (cm) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 4 | 19 |
| Feb | 3 | 11 |
| Mar | 1 | 3 |
| Apr | 0 | 0 |
| May | 0 | 0 |
| Jun | 0 | 0 |
| Jul | 0 | 0 |
| Aug | 0 | 0 |
| Sep | 0 | 0 |
| Oct | 0 | 0 |
| Nov | 1 | 3 |
| Dec | 3 | 12 |
Clouds and sunshine
How often the daytime sky is clear, partly cloudy or overcast.
In Turkestan, the average share of the sky covered by clouds shows significant seasonal variation over the course of the year.
The clearer part of the year begins around May 12 and lasts for 5.4 months, ending around October 23. The clearest month is August, when the sky is clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 96% of the time on average.
The cloudier part of the year begins around October 24 and lasts for 6.6 months, ending around May 11. The cloudiest month is January, when it is overcast or mostly cloudy 63% of the time.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 37 | 41 | 47 | 57 | 70 | 87 | 94 | 96 | 90 | 72 | 55 | 45 |
| Cloudier (%) | 63 | 59 | 53 | 43 | 30 | 13 | 6 | 4 | 10 | 28 | 45 | 55 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 37 | 63 |
| Feb | 41 | 59 |
| Mar | 47 | 53 |
| Apr | 57 | 43 |
| May | 70 | 30 |
| Jun | 87 | 13 |
| Jul | 94 | 6 |
| Aug | 96 | 4 |
| Sep | 90 | 10 |
| Oct | 72 | 28 |
| Nov | 55 | 45 |
| Dec | 45 | 55 |
Daylight, sunrise and sunset
Hours of daylight through the year, with sunrise and sunset times.
The gold band is daylight — sunrise runs along its lower edge, sunset along the upper — so it widens toward summer and pinches toward winter, with night the dark area above and below. The longest day, around June 12, brings about 15 h 12 min of light; the shortest, around January 1, only 8 h 48 min — a swing of roughly 6 h 24 min.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 9.2 | 10.2 | 11.6 | 13.2 | 14.5 | 15.1 | 14.9 | 13.8 | 12.3 | 10.8 | 9.5 | 8.9 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 9:02 | 8:35 | 7:48 | 6:52 | 6:09 | 5:51 | 6:05 | 6:37 | 7:13 | 7:48 | 8:28 | 8:59 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:10 | 6:48 | 7:26 | 8:03 | 8:38 | 9:03 | 9:00 | 8:25 | 7:30 | 6:36 | 5:56 | 5:47 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 9.2 | 9:02 | 6:10 |
| Feb | 10.2 | 8:35 | 6:48 |
| Mar | 11.6 | 7:48 | 7:26 |
| Apr | 13.2 | 6:52 | 8:03 |
| May | 14.5 | 6:09 | 8:38 |
| Jun | 15.1 | 5:51 | 9:03 |
| Jul | 14.9 | 6:05 | 9:00 |
| Aug | 13.8 | 6:37 | 8:25 |
| Sep | 12.3 | 7:13 | 7:30 |
| Oct | 10.8 | 7:48 | 6:36 |
| Nov | 9.5 | 8:28 | 5:56 |
| Dec | 8.9 | 8:59 | 5:47 |
Sunny days
How many genuinely sunny days each month brings — days the sky stays clear or mostly clear — banded into plain-language zones.
Turkestan averages about 17 sunny days a month — counting the days the sky stays clear or mostly clear — with a clear seasonal swing between 8 and 27 days.
The sunnier stretch runs 5.2 months, from around May 20 to Oct 23. The sunniest month is August, with roughly 27 sunny days (brilliant).
The greyest month is February, down near 9 sunny days — about 65% fewer than the August peak.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sunny days | 9 | 9 | 11 | 13 | 16 | 22 | 26 | 28 | 25 | 19 | 13 | 11 |
| Sky | Mixed | Mixed | Mixed | Mixed | Bright | Bright | Brilliant | Brilliant | Brilliant | Bright | Mixed | Mixed |
| Sunny days | Sky | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 9 | Mixed |
| Feb | 9 | Mixed |
| Mar | 11 | Mixed |
| Apr | 13 | Mixed |
| May | 16 | Bright |
| Jun | 22 | Bright |
| Jul | 26 | Brilliant |
| Aug | 28 | Brilliant |
| Sep | 25 | Brilliant |
| Oct | 19 | Bright |
| Nov | 13 | Mixed |
| Dec | 11 | Mixed |
Humidity comfort
Share of days at each humidity comfort level, based on the dew point — the measure that tracks how muggy it actually feels.
Humidity comfort is graded by the dew point — the temperature at which the air would be fully saturated — because it tracks how muggy it actually feels far better than relative humidity does. A low dew point feels dry and crisp; a high one feels sticky and oppressive no matter the reading on a humidity gauge.
In Turkestan, the air stays dry or comfortable essentially all year. Even in June, the muggiest month, it feels humid or worse only about 2% of the time — humidity is not something you need to plan around here.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 98 | 92 | 91 | 91 | 97 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Comfortable (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Humid (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | Humid (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Feb | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr | 98 | 2 | 0 |
| May | 92 | 7 | 2 |
| Jun | 91 | 6 | 2 |
| Jul | 91 | 6 | 2 |
| Aug | 97 | 2 | 1 |
| Sep | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Oct | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Dec | 100 | 0 | 0 |
Wind
Average wind speed through the year, banded into plain-language speed zones so a number reads as 'breezy' or 'calm' without knowing the scale.
This is the average sustained wind speed at the standard 10 metres above open ground — the steady flow a weather station reports, not the sharper gusts that come and go, which can run half again as fast. It's the number that says whether a place is generally breezy or calm.
Across the year, average wind speed in Turkestan is typically calm, near 11 km/h, and varies moderately with the seasons.
The windier part of the year lasts 6.8 months, from around Mar 11 to Oct 2. The windiest month is August, averaging about 14 km/h (light breeze).
The calmer part of the year runs from around Oct 3 to Mar 10, with December the calmest month at about 8 km/h.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 9 | 10 | 11 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 14 | 12 | 10 | 9 | 8 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 9 | calm |
| Feb | 10 | calm |
| Mar | 11 | calm |
| Apr | 13 | light breeze |
| May | 13 | light breeze |
| Jun | 12 | light breeze |
| Jul | 12 | light breeze |
| Aug | 14 | light breeze |
| Sep | 12 | light breeze |
| Oct | 10 | calm |
| Nov | 9 | calm |
| Dec | 8 | calm |
Best time to visit Turkestan
To characterize how pleasant the weather is in Turkestan throughout the year, we compute two travel scores — one for general sightseeing, one for beach and pool weather.
Around mid October, Turkestan is still near the tail of its best-weather window — great conditions with the peak-season crowds already thinning.
Inferred from the travel-score curve; month-by-month visitor numbers are a planned addition.
The travel score favors clear, rainless days with daytime highs between 18°C and 28°C. Based on this score, the best times of year to visit Turkestan for general outdoor tourist activities run from mid April to mid May and again from mid September to late October, with a peak score in the last week of September.
The travel score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Travel score (0–10) | 0.0 | 0.5 | 3.9 | 7.1 | 6.8 | 3.9 | 2.7 | 3.8 | 7.6 | 7.6 | 2.9 | 0.1 |
| Rating | poor | poor | fair | good | good | fair | poor | fair | ideal | ideal | poor | poor |
| Travel score (0–10) | Rating | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 0.0 | poor |
| Feb | 0.5 | poor |
| Mar | 3.9 | fair |
| Apr | 7.1 | good |
| May | 6.8 | good |
| Jun | 3.9 | fair |
| Jul | 2.7 | poor |
| Aug | 3.8 | fair |
| Sep | 7.6 | ideal |
| Oct | 7.6 | ideal |
| Nov | 2.9 | poor |
| Dec | 0.1 | poor |
The beach/pool score favors clear, rainless days with daytime highs between 24°C and 34°C. Based on this score, the best times of year to visit Turkestan for hot-weather activities run from early May to mid June and again from mid August to early October, with a peak score in the second week of September.
The beach/pool score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).
What to pack for Turkestan, by month
Month by month, what's worth putting in the bag — from the temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind. Tap a month for a quick packing note.
For a warm-season trip around July (highs near 36°C), the essentials are light clothes and sun protection. In the cold season around January (highs near 2°C), pack a warm layer and a heavy coat.
In July, Turkestan sees daytime highs around 36°C and nights near 23°C. Pack light clothes and sun protection.
UV index (midday) in Turkestan by month
Clear-sky midday UV index through the year, shaded by the WHO exposure levels — how much sun protection each month calls for.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Turkestan peaks around August 15 at about 8 (very high) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near January 1 at about 1 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 8 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 1 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 1 |
| Level | Low | Moderate | Moderate | High | Very high | Very high | High | Very high | High | Moderate | Low | Low |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 1 | Low |
| Feb | 2 | Moderate |
| Mar | 4 | Moderate |
| Apr | 5 | High |
| May | 8 | Very high |
| Jun | 8 | Very high |
| Jul | 7 | High |
| Aug | 8 | Very high |
| Sep | 6 | High |
| Oct | 4 | Moderate |
| Nov | 2 | Low |
| Dec | 1 | Low |
Average hourly UV index in Turkestan
Modeled clear-sky UV for every hour of every day — when in the day sun protection actually matters.
The whole year hour by hour: each column is a day, each row an hour, and the color is the modeled clear-sky UV index — the midday peak scaled down as the sun sits lower in the sky. Darker overlays mark night, lighter ones the civil-twilight hours around sunrise and sunset.
UV falls off far faster than brightness as the sun drops, so even in August the burn window is concentrated in the middle of the day: about 7.5 hours a day reach index 3 (protection recommended), and 4.5 hours reach 6 or more. Mornings and late afternoons stay comparatively gentle year round.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV ≥ 3 (h/day) | 0 | 0 | 3.5 | 6 | 7.5 | 8 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 5.5 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| UV ≥ 6 (h/day) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4.5 | 3.5 | 4.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| UV ≥ 3 (h/day) | UV ≥ 6 (h/day) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 0 | 0 |
| Feb | 0 | 0 |
| Mar | 3.5 | 0 |
| Apr | 6 | 0 |
| May | 7.5 | 4 |
| Jun | 8 | 4.5 |
| Jul | 7.5 | 3.5 |
| Aug | 7.5 | 4.5 |
| Sep | 5.5 | 0 |
| Oct | 3 | 0 |
| Nov | 0 | 0 |
| Dec | 0 | 0 |
Air quality in Turkestan by month
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see which months the air is worst, not just the yearly average.
Air quality in Turkestan is worst in May — around 29 µg/m³ PM2.5 (moderate), about 2.4× the cleanest month (January, 12 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 12 | 17 | 27 | 29 | 29 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 26 | 24 | 20 | 14 |
| Level | Good | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 12 | Good |
| Feb | 17 | Moderate |
| Mar | 27 | Moderate |
| Apr | 29 | Moderate |
| May | 29 | Moderate |
| Jun | 24 | Moderate |
| Jul | 25 | Moderate |
| Aug | 26 | Moderate |
| Sep | 26 | Moderate |
| Oct | 24 | Moderate |
| Nov | 20 | Moderate |
| Dec | 14 | Moderate |
Growing season
The growing season in Turkestan typically lasts about 261 days, from around March 5 to November 20 — the span where a frost-free day is more likely than not. It is reliably frost-free from March 28 to October 26.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frost-free chance (%) | 19 | 29 | 71 | 98 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 95 | 60 | 25 |
| Frost nights | 31 | 28 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 30 | 31 |
| Frost-free chance (%) | Frost nights | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 19 | 31 |
| Feb | 29 | 28 |
| Mar | 71 | 27 |
| Apr | 98 | 0 |
| May | 100 | 0 |
| Jun | 100 | 0 |
| Jul | 100 | 0 |
| Aug | 100 | 0 |
| Sep | 100 | 0 |
| Oct | 95 | 4 |
| Nov | 60 | 30 |
| Dec | 25 | 31 |
Growing degree days
Growing degree days tally heat above 10°C: each day adds however many degrees its average temperature runs over that threshold, and cold days add nothing. Turkestan banks about 2,686 degree days a year, and the running total — which growers use to time plantings and predict maturity — climbs fastest around July.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Growing degree days (°C·days) | 0 | 0 | 8 | 173 | 372 | 515 | 595 | 552 | 351 | 121 | 0 | 0 |
| Growing degree days (°C·days) | |
|---|---|
| Jan | 0 |
| Feb | 0 |
| Mar | 8 |
| Apr | 173 |
| May | 372 |
| Jun | 515 |
| Jul | 595 |
| Aug | 552 |
| Sep | 351 |
| Oct | 121 |
| Nov | 0 |
| Dec | 0 |
Solar energy
Average daily shortwave solar energy reaching the ground, banded into brightness zones so the number means something at a glance.
Solar energy is how much sunlight actually reaches the ground each day, measured in kilowatt-hours per square metre (kWh/m²) — the combined effect of how long the sun is up, how high it climbs, and how much cloud gets in the way. It's the raw fuel a solar panel has to work with: for scale, 1 kWh/m² a day is dim and wintry, while 7+ is desert-bright.
Turkestan receives about 4.6 kWh/m² a day of solar energy on average — bright — with a clear seasonal swing between 1.6 and 7.5 kWh/m².
The brighter stretch of the year lasts 6.1 months, from around Mar 26 to Sep 26. The brightest month is July, averaging about 7.4 kWh/m² (intense).
The dimmest month is December, down near 1.6 kWh/m² — roughly 78% less than the July peak.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 1.9 | 2.9 | 4.2 | 5.6 | 6.8 | 7.4 | 7.5 | 6.8 | 5.3 | 3.5 | 2.0 | 1.6 |
| Level | Dim | Moderate | Bright | Bright | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Bright | Moderate | Moderate | Dim |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 1.9 | Dim |
| Feb | 2.9 | Moderate |
| Mar | 4.2 | Bright |
| Apr | 5.6 | Bright |
| May | 6.8 | Intense |
| Jun | 7.4 | Intense |
| Jul | 7.5 | Intense |
| Aug | 6.8 | Intense |
| Sep | 5.3 | Bright |
| Oct | 3.5 | Moderate |
| Nov | 2.0 | Moderate |
| Dec | 1.6 | Dim |
Where is Turkestan?
Turkestan sits at 43.3°N, 68.3°E, 217 m above sea level, in Kazakhstan. The nearest listed city is Kentau, 32 km away.
Topography around Turkestan
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Turkestan.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Turkestan has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 24 m around an average of 214 m above sea level; within 16 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 141 m; within 80 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,961 m.
The land around Turkestan is covered by artificial surfaces (88%) within 3 km, grassland (57%) and cropland (23%) within 16 km, and grassland (83%) within 80 km.
Kazakhstan travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 1
- Exercise Normal Precautions
- Power plugs
- Type C / F
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 33% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $14,692
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.6 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 92%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 2.6
- per 100k, 2022
- Road deaths
- 12.7
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- Very low
- EF EPI 417
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Turkestan (43.2946°, 68.2569°, elevation 217 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).