Climate and average weather in Mandera
In Mandera, the weather is sweltering, showery, and mostly clear and remarkably steady, with daytime highs holding near sweltering levels all year. The wettest stretch peaks around April.
Over the course of the year, the temperature in Mandera typically varies from 24°C to 36°C, and is rarely below 21°C or above 38°C. March is the hottest month of the year, while November is the coldest.
Based on the travel score, the best times of year to visit Mandera for warm-weather activities are from mid May to mid September and mid October to late December.
- Hottest
- Mar
- 36°
- Coldest
- Nov
- 24°
- Wettest
- Apr
- 91 mm
- Driest
- Jun
- 1 mm
- Rain / yr
- 299 mm
- 46 wet days
- Daylight
- 11.8–12.2 h
- shortest–longest
- Elevation
- 217 m
- 3.9°N
- Clearest
- Jan
- 29% cloud
Mandera is human settlement in Kenya.
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Mandera weather by month, at a glance
The whole year in one picture — sky, rain, humidity, temperature and travel score. Click any band to jump to its full chart.
Each stripe is one measure across the whole year, stacked so a single day reads top to bottom. The sky band runs overcast grey on top down to clear blue at the base — more blue means sunnier — followed by the rainfall curve, the humidity band, a temperature strip that tints each stretch of the year by how warm its average high is, and the travel-score line at the foot. Scan straight down any date to read that day across every measure at once; the score climbs highest around mid May to mid September.
Temperature through the year
Daily average highs and lows in Mandera, from 1991–2020 of climate data. The shaded bands show the range most days fall in — 10th to 90th percentile.
Temperatures in Mandera stay fairly even through the year, without a distinct hot or cool season. The warmest month is March, with an average high of 36°C and low of 26°C; the coolest is November, with an average low of 24°C and high of 32°C.
Days typically run about 9°C warmer than nights year-round.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 35 | 36 | 36 | 34 | 33 | 33 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 33 | 32 | 34 |
| Avg low (°C) | 24 | 25 | 26 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 24 | 24 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 35 | 24 |
| Feb | 36 | 25 |
| Mar | 36 | 26 |
| Apr | 34 | 25 |
| May | 33 | 25 |
| Jun | 33 | 25 |
| Jul | 32 | 24 |
| Aug | 33 | 24 |
| Sep | 34 | 24 |
| Oct | 33 | 25 |
| Nov | 32 | 24 |
| Dec | 34 | 24 |
How hot and cold Mandera really feels
The felt-temperature range through the year — heat index on the day's high (summer humidity), wind chill on the night's low (winter wind). The dashed lines are the plain thermometer; the gap is how much hotter or colder it really feels.
On the hottest afternoons, once humidity is folded in, Mandera feels like about 37°C (around March 30). Nearly every day a year carries some heat stress, peaking in March.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feels-like high (°C) | 35 | 36 | 37 | 37 | 36 | 34 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 34 | 34 |
| Air high (°C) | 35 | 36 | 36 | 34 | 33 | 33 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 33 | 32 | 34 |
| Feels-like low (°C) | 24 | 25 | 26 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 |
| Air low (°C) | 24 | 25 | 26 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 24 | 24 |
| Feels-like high (°C) | Air high (°C) | Feels-like low (°C) | Air low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 35 | 35 | 24 | 24 |
| Feb | 36 | 36 | 25 | 25 |
| Mar | 37 | 36 | 26 | 26 |
| Apr | 37 | 34 | 25 | 25 |
| May | 36 | 33 | 25 | 25 |
| Jun | 34 | 33 | 25 | 25 |
| Jul | 32 | 32 | 24 | 24 |
| Aug | 33 | 33 | 24 | 24 |
| Sep | 34 | 34 | 24 | 24 |
| Oct | 35 | 33 | 24 | 25 |
| Nov | 34 | 32 | 24 | 24 |
| Dec | 34 | 34 | 24 | 24 |
Average hourly temperature in Mandera
A compact picture of the whole year, hour by hour: each column is a day, each row an hour, and the color is the modeled average temperature. Darker overlays mark night, lighter ones the civil-twilight hours around sunrise and sunset.
Read left to right for the day of the year and top to bottom for the hour of the day; the color is the modeled temperature, cool blues through to hot reds on the same scale as the other charts. A vertical slice is a single day's swing — coolest just before dawn, warmest in the mid-afternoon — while a horizontal slice follows one hour across the seasons. The darker overlay marks night and the lighter one the twilight around sunrise and sunset. Colors run warmest on March afternoons, near 36°C, and coldest before dawn in November, near 24°C.
Mandera weather by month
Every month at a glance. Click a month for its detailed page.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 35° / 24° | 2 | 0.4 | 11.8 | 3.2 |
| Feb | 36° / 25° | 1 | 0.3 | 11.9 | 2.5 |
| Mar | 36° / 26° | 15 | 2.4 | 12 | 2.3 |
| Apr | 34° / 25° | 91 | 13.2 | 12.1 | 2.9 |
| May | 33° / 25° | 34 | 6.7 | 12.2 | 3.6 |
| Jun | 33° / 25° | 1 | 0.2 | 12.2 | 4.0 |
| Jul | 32° / 24° | 1 | 0.3 | 12.2 | 4.5 |
| Aug | 33° / 24° | 1 | 0.2 | 12.1 | 4.1 |
| Sep | 34° / 24° | 2 | 0.6 | 12 | 3.5 |
| Oct | 33° / 25° | 72 | 9.4 | 11.9 | 3.6 |
| Nov | 32° / 24° | 68 | 10.2 | 11.8 | 4.2 |
| Dec | 34° / 24° | 11 | 2.1 | 11.8 | 3.9 |
Chance of rain
How likely it is to rain on a typical day, and how that shifts across the wetter and drier seasons.
Mandera gets about 299 mm of precipitation a year. On a typical day the chance of rain is mostly dry, but that rises and falls sharply with the seasons.
The wetter season lasts 1.9 months, from around Mar 25 to May 22, peaking in April at about 52% chance on a given day. The drier stretch runs the rest of the year, bottoming out around Aug 25.
April is the wettest month by volume, with 91 mm over about 13 wet days; June is the driest, with 1 mm.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain on a day (%) | 1 | 1 | 8 | 41 | 23 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 30 | 34 | 7 |
| Rain days | 0 | 0 | 2 | 13 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 10 | 2 |
| Rain on a day (%) | Rain days | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 1 | 0 |
| Feb | 1 | 0 |
| Mar | 8 | 2 |
| Apr | 41 | 13 |
| May | 23 | 7 |
| Jun | 2 | 0 |
| Jul | 1 | 0 |
| Aug | 1 | 0 |
| Sep | 3 | 1 |
| Oct | 30 | 9 |
| Nov | 34 | 10 |
| Dec | 7 | 2 |
Monthly rainfall
Over a full year, Mandera collects about 299 mm of rain across 46 wet days — roughly 25 mm in an average month.
It doesn’t fall evenly. April is the wettest month with 91 mm, while June is the driest at just 1 mm. The three wettest months alone bring about 77% of the year’s total.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rainfall (mm) | 2 | 1 | 15 | 91 | 34 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 72 | 68 | 11 |
| Rain days | 0 | 0 | 2 | 13 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 10 | 2 |
| Rainfall (mm) | Rain days | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 2 | 0 |
| Feb | 1 | 0 |
| Mar | 15 | 2 |
| Apr | 91 | 13 |
| May | 34 | 7 |
| Jun | 1 | 0 |
| Jul | 1 | 0 |
| Aug | 1 | 0 |
| Sep | 2 | 1 |
| Oct | 72 | 9 |
| Nov | 68 | 10 |
| Dec | 11 | 2 |
Clouds and sunshine
How often the daytime sky is clear, partly cloudy or overcast.
In Mandera, the average share of the sky covered by clouds shows significant seasonal variation over the course of the year.
The clearer part of the year begins around September 9 and lasts for 7.1 months, ending around April 13. The clearest month is December, when the sky is clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 82% of the time on average.
The cloudier part of the year begins around May 29 and lasts for 3.4 months, ending around September 8. The cloudiest month is July, when it is overcast or mostly cloudy 73% of the time.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 81 | 79 | 79 | 63 | 69 | 40 | 27 | 41 | 69 | 69 | 75 | 82 |
| Cloudier (%) | 19 | 21 | 21 | 37 | 31 | 60 | 73 | 59 | 31 | 31 | 25 | 18 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 81 | 19 |
| Feb | 79 | 21 |
| Mar | 79 | 21 |
| Apr | 63 | 37 |
| May | 69 | 31 |
| Jun | 40 | 60 |
| Jul | 27 | 73 |
| Aug | 41 | 59 |
| Sep | 69 | 31 |
| Oct | 69 | 31 |
| Nov | 75 | 25 |
| Dec | 82 | 18 |
Daylight, sunrise and sunset
Hours of daylight through the year, with sunrise and sunset times.
The gold band is daylight — sunrise runs along its lower edge, sunset along the upper — so it widens toward summer and pinches toward winter, with night the dark area above and below. Close to the equator, Mandera barely changes through the year: days stay near 12 h 12 min of light in every season.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 11.8 | 11.9 | 12.0 | 12.1 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.1 | 12.0 | 11.9 | 11.8 | 11.8 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:28 | 6:31 | 6:23 | 6:10 | 6:03 | 6:06 | 6:12 | 6:13 | 6:06 | 6:00 | 6:03 | 6:16 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:16 | 6:23 | 6:21 | 6:15 | 6:14 | 6:20 | 6:24 | 6:21 | 6:08 | 5:55 | 5:52 | 6:02 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 11.8 | 6:28 | 6:16 |
| Feb | 11.9 | 6:31 | 6:23 |
| Mar | 12.0 | 6:23 | 6:21 |
| Apr | 12.1 | 6:10 | 6:15 |
| May | 12.2 | 6:03 | 6:14 |
| Jun | 12.2 | 6:06 | 6:20 |
| Jul | 12.2 | 6:12 | 6:24 |
| Aug | 12.1 | 6:13 | 6:21 |
| Sep | 12.0 | 6:06 | 6:08 |
| Oct | 11.9 | 6:00 | 5:55 |
| Nov | 11.8 | 6:03 | 5:52 |
| Dec | 11.8 | 6:16 | 6:02 |
Sunny days
How many genuinely sunny days each month brings — days the sky stays clear or mostly clear — banded into plain-language zones.
Mandera averages about 14 sunny days a month — counting the days the sky stays clear or mostly clear — with a clear seasonal swing between 3 and 22 days.
The sunnier stretch runs 5.0 months, from around Nov 9 to Apr 10. The sunniest month is December, with roughly 21 sunny days (bright).
The greyest month is July, down near 3 sunny days — about 83% fewer than the December peak.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sunny days | 21 | 19 | 19 | 12 | 14 | 7 | 3 | 7 | 15 | 13 | 16 | 21 |
| Sky | Bright | Bright | Bright | Mixed | Mixed | Gloomy | Gloomy | Gloomy | Mixed | Mixed | Bright | Bright |
| Sunny days | Sky | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 21 | Bright |
| Feb | 19 | Bright |
| Mar | 19 | Bright |
| Apr | 12 | Mixed |
| May | 14 | Mixed |
| Jun | 7 | Gloomy |
| Jul | 3 | Gloomy |
| Aug | 7 | Gloomy |
| Sep | 15 | Mixed |
| Oct | 13 | Mixed |
| Nov | 16 | Bright |
| Dec | 21 | Bright |
Humidity comfort
Share of days at each humidity comfort level, based on the dew point — the measure that tracks how muggy it actually feels.
Humidity comfort is graded by the dew point — the temperature at which the air would be fully saturated — because it tracks how muggy it actually feels far better than relative humidity does. A low dew point feels dry and crisp; a high one feels sticky and oppressive no matter the reading on a humidity gauge.
In Mandera, how humid it feels changes dramatically over the year.
The more humid part of the year lasts 3.5 months, from around March 16 to June 30. The muggiest month is April, when the air feels humid, muggy or worse about 96% of the time.
The most comfortable stretch runs from around December 13 to March 15, and February is the most comfortable month — the air is dry or comfortable 79% of the time.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 54 | 46 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 29 |
| Comfortable (%) | 27 | 33 | 25 | 4 | 2 | 21 | 55 | 66 | 55 | 11 | 4 | 20 |
| Humid (%) | 13 | 16 | 36 | 16 | 20 | 64 | 42 | 29 | 35 | 32 | 15 | 20 |
| Muggy (%) | 5 | 3 | 16 | 26 | 41 | 14 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 29 | 34 | 21 |
| Oppressive (%) | 1 | 1 | 8 | 53 | 36 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 46 | 11 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | Humid (%) | Muggy (%) | Oppressive (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 54 | 27 | 13 | 5 | 1 |
| Feb | 46 | 33 | 16 | 3 | 1 |
| Mar | 15 | 25 | 36 | 16 | 8 |
| Apr | 0 | 4 | 16 | 26 | 53 |
| May | 0 | 2 | 20 | 41 | 36 |
| Jun | 0 | 21 | 64 | 14 | 1 |
| Jul | 2 | 55 | 42 | 2 | 0 |
| Aug | 3 | 66 | 29 | 1 | 0 |
| Sep | 3 | 55 | 35 | 6 | 0 |
| Oct | 0 | 11 | 32 | 29 | 28 |
| Nov | 2 | 4 | 15 | 34 | 46 |
| Dec | 29 | 20 | 20 | 21 | 11 |
Wind
Average wind speed through the year, banded into plain-language speed zones so a number reads as 'breezy' or 'calm' without knowing the scale.
This is the average sustained wind speed at the standard 10 metres above open ground — the steady flow a weather station reports, not the sharper gusts that come and go, which can run half again as fast. It's the number that says whether a place is generally breezy or calm.
Across the year, average wind speed in Mandera is typically light breeze, near 14 km/h, and varies a lot with the seasons.
The windier part of the year lasts 4.7 months, from around May 16 to Oct 4. The windiest month is July, averaging about 22 km/h (breezy).
The calmer part of the year runs from around Oct 5 to May 15, with November the calmest month at about 8 km/h.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 12 | 12 | 11 | 9 | 14 | 20 | 22 | 21 | 18 | 11 | 8 | 10 |
| Feels | light breeze | light breeze | calm | calm | light breeze | breezy | breezy | breezy | light breeze | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 12 | light breeze |
| Feb | 12 | light breeze |
| Mar | 11 | calm |
| Apr | 9 | calm |
| May | 14 | light breeze |
| Jun | 20 | breezy |
| Jul | 22 | breezy |
| Aug | 21 | breezy |
| Sep | 18 | light breeze |
| Oct | 11 | calm |
| Nov | 8 | calm |
| Dec | 10 | calm |
Best time to visit Mandera
To characterize how pleasant the weather is in Mandera throughout the year, we compute two travel scores — one for general sightseeing, one for beach and pool weather.
Around early September, Mandera is still near the tail of its best-weather window — great conditions with the peak-season crowds already thinning.
Inferred from the travel-score curve; month-by-month visitor numbers are a planned addition.
The travel score favors clear, rainless days with daytime highs between 18°C and 28°C. Based on this score, the best times of year to visit Mandera for general outdoor tourist activities run from mid May to early September and again from mid October to late December, with a peak score in the second week of July.
The travel score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Travel score (0–10) | 3.2 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.9 | 3.6 | 4.0 | 4.5 | 4.1 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 4.2 | 3.9 |
| Rating | poor | poor | poor | poor | fair | fair | fair | fair | fair | fair | fair | fair |
| Travel score (0–10) | Rating | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 3.2 | poor |
| Feb | 2.5 | poor |
| Mar | 2.3 | poor |
| Apr | 2.9 | poor |
| May | 3.6 | fair |
| Jun | 4.0 | fair |
| Jul | 4.5 | fair |
| Aug | 4.1 | fair |
| Sep | 3.5 | fair |
| Oct | 3.6 | fair |
| Nov | 4.2 | fair |
| Dec | 3.9 | fair |
The beach/pool score favors clear, rainless days with daytime highs between 24°C and 34°C. Based on this score, the best time of year to visit Mandera for hot-weather activities is from early May to mid February, with a peak score in the third week of December.
The beach/pool score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).
What to pack for Mandera, by month
Month by month, what's worth putting in the bag — from the temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind. Tap a month for a quick packing note.
Mandera packs about the same all year — highs hold near 36°C. Across the year the things worth having are light clothes, sun protection and rain gear.
In March, Mandera sees daytime highs around 36°C and nights near 26°C. Pack light clothes and sun protection.
UV index (midday) in Mandera by month
Clear-sky midday UV index through the year, shaded by the WHO exposure levels — how much sun protection each month calls for.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Mandera peaks around March 19 at about 14 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near June 23 at about 11 (extreme).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 13 | 14 | 15 | 14 | 13 | 11 | 11 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 11 | 11 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 13 | Extreme |
| Feb | 14 | Extreme |
| Mar | 15 | Extreme |
| Apr | 14 | Extreme |
| May | 13 | Extreme |
| Jun | 11 | Extreme |
| Jul | 11 | Extreme |
| Aug | 13 | Extreme |
| Sep | 13 | Extreme |
| Oct | 13 | Extreme |
| Nov | 11 | Extreme |
| Dec | 11 | Extreme |
Average hourly UV index in Mandera
Modeled clear-sky UV for every hour of every day — when in the day sun protection actually matters.
The whole year hour by hour: each column is a day, each row an hour, and the color is the modeled clear-sky UV index — the midday peak scaled down as the sun sits lower in the sky. Darker overlays mark night, lighter ones the civil-twilight hours around sunrise and sunset.
UV falls off far faster than brightness as the sun drops, so even in March the burn window is concentrated in the middle of the day: about 8 hours a day reach index 3 (protection recommended), and 6.5 hours reach 6 or more. Mornings and late afternoons stay comparatively gentle year round.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV ≥ 3 (h/day) | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8.5 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7.5 | 7.5 |
| UV ≥ 6 (h/day) | 6 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 6.5 | 6 | 6 | 5.5 | 5.5 |
| UV ≥ 3 (h/day) | UV ≥ 6 (h/day) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 8 | 6 |
| Feb | 8 | 6.5 |
| Mar | 8 | 6.5 |
| Apr | 8.5 | 6.5 |
| May | 8 | 6 |
| Jun | 8 | 5.5 |
| Jul | 8 | 5.5 |
| Aug | 8 | 6.5 |
| Sep | 8 | 6 |
| Oct | 8 | 6 |
| Nov | 7.5 | 5.5 |
| Dec | 7.5 | 5.5 |
Air quality in Mandera by month
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see which months the air is worst, not just the yearly average.
Air quality in Mandera is worst in July — around 16 µg/m³ PM2.5 (moderate), about 2.0× the cleanest month (April, 8 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 11 | 12 | 10 | 8 | 8 | 14 | 16 | 15 | 13 | 9 | 10 | 9 |
| Level | Good | Good | Good | Good | Good | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Good | Good | Good |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 11 | Good |
| Feb | 12 | Good |
| Mar | 10 | Good |
| Apr | 8 | Good |
| May | 8 | Good |
| Jun | 14 | Moderate |
| Jul | 16 | Moderate |
| Aug | 15 | Moderate |
| Sep | 13 | Moderate |
| Oct | 9 | Good |
| Nov | 10 | Good |
| Dec | 9 | Good |
Growing season
Mandera is frost-free year round — even the coldest nights rarely reach freezing, so there is no start or end to the growing season.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frost-free chance (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Frost nights | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Frost-free chance (%) | Frost nights | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 100 | 0 |
| Feb | 100 | 0 |
| Mar | 100 | 0 |
| Apr | 100 | 0 |
| May | 100 | 0 |
| Jun | 100 | 0 |
| Jul | 100 | 0 |
| Aug | 100 | 0 |
| Sep | 100 | 0 |
| Oct | 100 | 0 |
| Nov | 100 | 0 |
| Dec | 100 | 0 |
Growing degree days
Growing degree days tally heat above 10°C: each day adds however many degrees its average temperature runs over that threshold, and cold days add nothing. Mandera banks about 7,009 degree days a year, and the running total — which growers use to time plantings and predict maturity — climbs fastest around March.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Growing degree days (°C·days) | 613 | 578 | 655 | 589 | 593 | 568 | 563 | 576 | 582 | 580 | 531 | 580 |
| Growing degree days (°C·days) | |
|---|---|
| Jan | 613 |
| Feb | 578 |
| Mar | 655 |
| Apr | 589 |
| May | 593 |
| Jun | 568 |
| Jul | 563 |
| Aug | 576 |
| Sep | 582 |
| Oct | 580 |
| Nov | 531 |
| Dec | 580 |
Solar energy
Average daily shortwave solar energy reaching the ground, banded into brightness zones so the number means something at a glance.
Solar energy is how much sunlight actually reaches the ground each day, measured in kilowatt-hours per square metre (kWh/m²) — the combined effect of how long the sun is up, how high it climbs, and how much cloud gets in the way. It's the raw fuel a solar panel has to work with: for scale, 1 kWh/m² a day is dim and wintry, while 7+ is desert-bright.
Mandera receives about 5.9 kWh/m² a day of solar energy on average — bright — with a clear seasonal swing between 4.8 and 7.2 kWh/m².
The brighter stretch of the year lasts 4.1 months, from around Dec 10 to Apr 14. The brightest month is February, averaging about 7.1 kWh/m² (intense).
The dimmest month is July, down near 4.8 kWh/m² — roughly 32% less than the February peak.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 6.7 | 7.2 | 7.0 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 5.1 | 4.8 | 5.5 | 6.4 | 5.6 | 5.4 | 6.1 |
| Level | Intense | Intense | Intense | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Intense | Bright | Bright | Intense |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 6.7 | Intense |
| Feb | 7.2 | Intense |
| Mar | 7.0 | Intense |
| Apr | 5.9 | Bright |
| May | 5.8 | Bright |
| Jun | 5.1 | Bright |
| Jul | 4.8 | Bright |
| Aug | 5.5 | Bright |
| Sep | 6.4 | Intense |
| Oct | 5.6 | Bright |
| Nov | 5.4 | Bright |
| Dec | 6.1 | Intense |
Where is Mandera?
Mandera sits at 3.9°N, 41.9°E, 217 m above sea level, in Kenya. The nearest listed city is Beled Hawo, 3.0 km away.
Topography around Mandera
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Mandera.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Mandera has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 64 m around an average of 213 m above sea level; within 16 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 113 m; within 80 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 828 m.
The land around Mandera is covered by shrubs (35%), grassland (25%) and artificial surfaces (23%) within 3 km, shrubs (53%) and grassland (41%) within 16 km, and shrubs (65%) and grassland (29%) within 80 km.
Kenya travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type G
- 240 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 34% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $2,363
- 2025
- Happiness
- 4.7 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Homicide rate
- 4.9
- per 100k, 2022
- Road deaths
- 28.3
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Lower middle
- World Bank
- English
- High
- EF EPI 593
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Mandera (3.9373°, 41.8569°, elevation 217 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).