Climate and average weather in San Carlos
In San Carlos, the weather is muggy, hot, wet, and partly cloudy and remarkably steady, with daytime highs holding near hot levels all year. The wettest stretch peaks around October.
Over the course of the year, the temperature in San Carlos typically varies from 23°C to 31°C, and is rarely below 21°C or above 33°C. April is the hottest month of the year, while January is the coldest.
Based on the travel score, the best times of year to visit San Carlos for warm-weather activities are from early January to mid April and mid December to late December.
- Hottest
- Apr
- 31°
- Coldest
- Jan
- 23°
- Wettest
- Oct
- 263 mm
- Driest
- Mar
- 16 mm
- Rain / yr
- 1697 mm
- 250 wet days
- Daylight
- 11.3–12.7 h
- shortest–longest
- Elevation
- 0 m
- 11.1°N
- Clearest
- Feb
- 44% cloud
San Carlos is Urban area of the San Carlos Municipality in Nicaragua. Seat of the San Carlos Municipality..
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
San Carlos weather by month, at a glance
The whole year in one picture — sky, rain, humidity, temperature and travel score. Click any band to jump to its full chart.
Each stripe is one measure across the whole year, stacked so a single day reads top to bottom. The sky band runs overcast grey on top down to clear blue at the base — more blue means sunnier — followed by the rainfall curve, the humidity band, a temperature strip that tints each stretch of the year by how warm its average high is, and the travel-score line at the foot. Scan straight down any date to read that day across every measure at once; the score climbs highest around early January to mid April.
Temperature through the year
Daily average highs and lows in San Carlos, from 1991–2020 of climate data. The shaded bands show the range most days fall in — 10th to 90th percentile.
Temperatures in San Carlos stay fairly even through the year, without a distinct hot or cool season. The warmest month is April, with an average high of 31°C and low of 24°C; the coolest is January, with an average low of 23°C and high of 28°C.
Days typically run about 6°C warmer than nights year-round.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 31 | 30 | 29 | 29 | 30 | 29 | 29 | 28 |
| Avg low (°C) | 23 | 23 | 23 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 23 | 23 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 28 | 23 |
| Feb | 29 | 23 |
| Mar | 30 | 23 |
| Apr | 31 | 24 |
| May | 31 | 24 |
| Jun | 30 | 24 |
| Jul | 29 | 24 |
| Aug | 29 | 24 |
| Sep | 30 | 24 |
| Oct | 29 | 24 |
| Nov | 29 | 23 |
| Dec | 28 | 23 |
How hot and cold San Carlos really feels
The felt-temperature range through the year — heat index on the day's high (summer humidity), wind chill on the night's low (winter wind). The dashed lines are the plain thermometer; the gap is how much hotter or colder it really feels.
On the hottest afternoons, once humidity is folded in, San Carlos feels like about 35°C (around April 28). About 240 days a year carry some heat stress, peaking in April.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feels-like high (°C) | 30 | 31 | 33 | 35 | 35 | 34 | 33 | 33 | 34 | 33 | 32 | 31 |
| Air high (°C) | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 31 | 30 | 29 | 29 | 30 | 29 | 29 | 28 |
| Feels-like low (°C) | 23 | 23 | 23 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 23 | 23 |
| Air low (°C) | 23 | 23 | 23 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 23 | 23 |
| Feels-like high (°C) | Air high (°C) | Feels-like low (°C) | Air low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 30 | 28 | 23 | 23 |
| Feb | 31 | 29 | 23 | 23 |
| Mar | 33 | 30 | 23 | 23 |
| Apr | 35 | 31 | 24 | 24 |
| May | 35 | 31 | 24 | 24 |
| Jun | 34 | 30 | 24 | 24 |
| Jul | 33 | 29 | 24 | 24 |
| Aug | 33 | 29 | 24 | 24 |
| Sep | 34 | 30 | 24 | 24 |
| Oct | 33 | 29 | 24 | 24 |
| Nov | 32 | 29 | 23 | 23 |
| Dec | 31 | 28 | 23 | 23 |
Average hourly temperature in San Carlos
A compact picture of the whole year, hour by hour: each column is a day, each row an hour, and the color is the modeled average temperature. Darker overlays mark night, lighter ones the civil-twilight hours around sunrise and sunset.
Read left to right for the day of the year and top to bottom for the hour of the day; the color is the modeled temperature, cool blues through to hot reds on the same scale as the other charts. A vertical slice is a single day's swing — coolest just before dawn, warmest in the mid-afternoon — while a horizontal slice follows one hour across the seasons. The darker overlay marks night and the lighter one the twilight around sunrise and sunset. Colors run warmest on April afternoons, near 31°C, and coldest before dawn in January, near 23°C.
San Carlos weather by month
Every month at a glance. Click a month for its detailed page.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 28° / 23° | 36 | 14.9 | 11.4 | 5.8 |
| Feb | 29° / 23° | 25 | 10.1 | 11.6 | 5.7 |
| Mar | 30° / 23° | 16 | 6.6 | 11.9 | 5.6 |
| Apr | 31° / 24° | 30 | 8.7 | 12.2 | 4.5 |
| May | 31° / 24° | 180 | 22.8 | 12.5 | 3.2 |
| Jun | 30° / 24° | 245 | 28.9 | 12.6 | 2.7 |
| Jul | 29° / 24° | 220 | 29.4 | 12.6 | 2.9 |
| Aug | 29° / 24° | 218 | 29.7 | 12.4 | 2.8 |
| Sep | 30° / 24° | 252 | 29 | 12.1 | 2.7 |
| Oct | 29° / 24° | 263 | 29.1 | 11.8 | 3.0 |
| Nov | 29° / 23° | 147 | 22.6 | 11.5 | 3.9 |
| Dec | 28° / 23° | 64 | 18 | 11.4 | 5.0 |
Chance of rain
How likely it is to rain on a typical day, and how that shifts across the wetter and drier seasons.
San Carlos gets about 1697 mm of precipitation a year. On a typical day the chance of rain is very wet, but that rises and falls sharply with the seasons.
The wetter season lasts 6.6 months, from around May 13 to Nov 29, peaking in September at about 98% chance on a given day. The drier stretch runs the rest of the year, bottoming out around Mar 28.
October is the wettest month by volume, with 263 mm over about 29 wet days; March is the driest, with 16 mm.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain on a day (%) | 47 | 36 | 22 | 29 | 73 | 95 | 95 | 96 | 97 | 94 | 75 | 59 |
| Rain days | 15 | 10 | 7 | 9 | 23 | 29 | 29 | 30 | 29 | 29 | 23 | 18 |
| Rain on a day (%) | Rain days | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 47 | 15 |
| Feb | 36 | 10 |
| Mar | 22 | 7 |
| Apr | 29 | 9 |
| May | 73 | 23 |
| Jun | 95 | 29 |
| Jul | 95 | 29 |
| Aug | 96 | 30 |
| Sep | 97 | 29 |
| Oct | 94 | 29 |
| Nov | 75 | 23 |
| Dec | 59 | 18 |
Monthly rainfall
Over a full year, San Carlos collects about 1697 mm of rain across 250 wet days — roughly 141 mm in an average month.
It doesn’t fall evenly. October is the wettest month with 263 mm, while March is the driest at just 16 mm. The three wettest months alone bring about 45% of the year’s total.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rainfall (mm) | 36 | 25 | 16 | 30 | 180 | 245 | 220 | 218 | 252 | 263 | 147 | 64 |
| Rain days | 15 | 10 | 7 | 9 | 23 | 29 | 29 | 30 | 29 | 29 | 23 | 18 |
| Rainfall (mm) | Rain days | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 36 | 15 |
| Feb | 25 | 10 |
| Mar | 16 | 7 |
| Apr | 30 | 9 |
| May | 180 | 23 |
| Jun | 245 | 29 |
| Jul | 220 | 29 |
| Aug | 218 | 30 |
| Sep | 252 | 29 |
| Oct | 263 | 29 |
| Nov | 147 | 23 |
| Dec | 64 | 18 |
Clouds and sunshine
How often the daytime sky is clear, partly cloudy or overcast.
In San Carlos, the average share of the sky covered by clouds shows significant seasonal variation over the course of the year.
The clearer part of the year begins around November 26 and lasts for 5.1 months, ending around April 30. The clearest month is February, when the sky is clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 82% of the time on average.
The cloudier part of the year begins around May 1 and lasts for 6.9 months, ending around November 25. The cloudiest month is June, when it is overcast or mostly cloudy 91% of the time.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 74 | 82 | 79 | 56 | 21 | 9 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 29 | 57 |
| Cloudier (%) | 26 | 18 | 21 | 44 | 79 | 91 | 89 | 89 | 88 | 87 | 71 | 43 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 74 | 26 |
| Feb | 82 | 18 |
| Mar | 79 | 21 |
| Apr | 56 | 44 |
| May | 21 | 79 |
| Jun | 9 | 91 |
| Jul | 11 | 89 |
| Aug | 11 | 89 |
| Sep | 12 | 88 |
| Oct | 13 | 87 |
| Nov | 29 | 71 |
| Dec | 57 | 43 |
Daylight, sunrise and sunset
Hours of daylight through the year, with sunrise and sunset times.
The gold band is daylight — sunrise runs along its lower edge, sunset along the upper — so it widens toward summer and pinches toward winter, with night the dark area above and below. The longest day, around June 18, brings about 12 h 42 min of light; the shortest, around December 18, only 11 h 18 min — a swing of roughly 1 h 24 min.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 11.4 | 11.6 | 11.9 | 12.2 | 12.5 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.4 | 12.1 | 11.8 | 11.5 | 11.4 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:06 | 6:05 | 5:51 | 5:32 | 5:20 | 5:20 | 5:27 | 5:32 | 5:32 | 5:32 | 5:40 | 5:55 |
| Sunset (PM) | 5:31 | 5:43 | 5:46 | 5:47 | 5:51 | 5:59 | 6:03 | 5:54 | 5:35 | 5:17 | 5:09 | 5:16 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 11.4 | 6:06 | 5:31 |
| Feb | 11.6 | 6:05 | 5:43 |
| Mar | 11.9 | 5:51 | 5:46 |
| Apr | 12.2 | 5:32 | 5:47 |
| May | 12.5 | 5:20 | 5:51 |
| Jun | 12.6 | 5:20 | 5:59 |
| Jul | 12.6 | 5:27 | 6:03 |
| Aug | 12.4 | 5:32 | 5:54 |
| Sep | 12.1 | 5:32 | 5:35 |
| Oct | 11.8 | 5:32 | 5:17 |
| Nov | 11.5 | 5:40 | 5:09 |
| Dec | 11.4 | 5:55 | 5:16 |
Sunny days
How many genuinely sunny days each month brings — days the sky stays clear or mostly clear — banded into plain-language zones.
San Carlos averages about 6 sunny days a month — counting the days the sky stays clear or mostly clear — with a clear seasonal swing between 0 and 16 days.
The sunnier stretch runs 4.9 months, from around Nov 30 to Apr 28. The sunniest month is February, with roughly 16 sunny days (bright).
The greyest month is October, down near 1 sunny days — about 95% fewer than the February peak.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sunny days | 13 | 14 | 15 | 10 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 8 |
| Sky | Mixed | Bright | Mixed | Mixed | Gloomy | Gloomy | Gloomy | Gloomy | Gloomy | Gloomy | Gloomy | Mixed |
| Sunny days | Sky | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 13 | Mixed |
| Feb | 14 | Bright |
| Mar | 15 | Mixed |
| Apr | 10 | Mixed |
| May | 3 | Gloomy |
| Jun | 1 | Gloomy |
| Jul | 1 | Gloomy |
| Aug | 1 | Gloomy |
| Sep | 1 | Gloomy |
| Oct | 1 | Gloomy |
| Nov | 3 | Gloomy |
| Dec | 8 | Mixed |
Humidity comfort
Share of days at each humidity comfort level, based on the dew point — the measure that tracks how muggy it actually feels.
Humidity comfort is graded by the dew point — the temperature at which the air would be fully saturated — because it tracks how muggy it actually feels far better than relative humidity does. A low dew point feels dry and crisp; a high one feels sticky and oppressive no matter the reading on a humidity gauge.
San Carlos is humid all year round — on a typical day the air feels at least humid, and there is no real dry season to wait for.
The stickiest month is January, when it feels muggy, oppressive or miserable about 95% of the time. Even in March, the mildest month, the air is dry or comfortable only 0% of the time.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Humid (%) | 5 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
| Muggy (%) | 29 | 41 | 40 | 21 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 15 |
| Oppressive (%) | 66 | 56 | 57 | 74 | 75 | 69 | 88 | 82 | 72 | 83 | 88 | 82 |
| Miserable (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 22 | 31 | 12 | 18 | 28 | 16 | 3 | 0 |
| Humid (%) | Muggy (%) | Oppressive (%) | Miserable (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 5 | 29 | 66 | 0 |
| Feb | 3 | 41 | 56 | 0 |
| Mar | 2 | 40 | 57 | 0 |
| Apr | 1 | 21 | 74 | 4 |
| May | 0 | 3 | 75 | 22 |
| Jun | 0 | 0 | 69 | 31 |
| Jul | 0 | 0 | 88 | 12 |
| Aug | 0 | 0 | 82 | 18 |
| Sep | 0 | 0 | 72 | 28 |
| Oct | 0 | 1 | 83 | 16 |
| Nov | 1 | 9 | 88 | 3 |
| Dec | 3 | 15 | 82 | 0 |
Wind
Average wind speed through the year, banded into plain-language speed zones so a number reads as 'breezy' or 'calm' without knowing the scale.
This is the average sustained wind speed at the standard 10 metres above open ground — the steady flow a weather station reports, not the sharper gusts that come and go, which can run half again as fast. It's the number that says whether a place is generally breezy or calm.
Across the year, average wind speed in San Carlos is typically calm, near 12 km/h, and varies moderately with the seasons.
The windier part of the year lasts 5.1 months, from around Nov 23 to Apr 27. The windiest month is February, averaging about 16 km/h (light breeze).
The calmer part of the year runs from around Jul 25 to Nov 22, with September the calmest month at about 8 km/h.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 15 | 16 | 15 | 13 | 10 | 10 | 12 | 10 | 8 | 9 | 11 | 14 |
| Feels | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | light breeze |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 15 | light breeze |
| Feb | 16 | light breeze |
| Mar | 15 | light breeze |
| Apr | 13 | light breeze |
| May | 10 | calm |
| Jun | 10 | calm |
| Jul | 12 | calm |
| Aug | 10 | calm |
| Sep | 8 | calm |
| Oct | 9 | calm |
| Nov | 11 | calm |
| Dec | 14 | light breeze |
Hazard calendar for San Carlos
When the seasonal hazards worth planning around — the rainy season, tropical-cyclone risk and dust haze — are active through the year.
San Carlos sits in the Atlantic hurricane belt; the season peaks August–October.
San Carlos's rainy season runs May–November, when most of the year's rain falls.
Best time to visit San Carlos
To characterize how pleasant the weather is in San Carlos throughout the year, we compute two travel scores — one for general sightseeing, one for beach and pool weather.
Around early April, San Carlos is still near the tail of its best-weather window — great conditions with the peak-season crowds already thinning.
Inferred from the travel-score curve; month-by-month visitor numbers are a planned addition.
The travel score favors clear, rainless days with daytime highs between 18°C and 28°C. Based on this score, the best time of year to visit San Carlos for general outdoor tourist activities is from mid December to mid April, with a peak score in the third week of January.
The travel score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Travel score (0–10) | 5.8 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 4.5 | 3.2 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 3.0 | 3.9 | 5.0 |
| Rating | good | good | good | fair | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | fair | fair |
| Travel score (0–10) | Rating | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 5.8 | good |
| Feb | 5.7 | good |
| Mar | 5.6 | good |
| Apr | 4.5 | fair |
| May | 3.2 | poor |
| Jun | 2.7 | poor |
| Jul | 2.9 | poor |
| Aug | 2.8 | poor |
| Sep | 2.7 | poor |
| Oct | 3.0 | poor |
| Nov | 3.9 | fair |
| Dec | 5.0 | fair |
The beach/pool score favors clear, rainless days with daytime highs between 24°C and 34°C. Based on this score, the best time of year to visit San Carlos for hot-weather activities is from mid January to late April, with a peak score in the last week of March.
The beach/pool score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).
What to pack for San Carlos, by month
Month by month, what's worth putting in the bag — from the temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind. Tap a month for a quick packing note.
San Carlos packs about the same all year — highs hold near 31°C. Across the year the things worth having are light clothes, rain gear and sun protection.
In April, San Carlos sees daytime highs around 31°C and nights near 24°C. Pack light clothes. Worth having: rain gear and sun protection. About 9 days see rain.
UV index (midday) in San Carlos by month
Clear-sky midday UV index through the year, shaded by the WHO exposure levels — how much sun protection each month calls for.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in San Carlos peaks around March 19 at about 14 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 16 at about 9 (very high).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 11 | 13 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 13 | 12 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 11 | Extreme |
| Feb | 13 | Extreme |
| Mar | 14 | Extreme |
| Apr | 13 | Extreme |
| May | 12 | Extreme |
| Jun | 13 | Extreme |
| Jul | 12 | Extreme |
| Aug | 13 | Extreme |
| Sep | 12 | Extreme |
| Oct | 11 | Extreme |
| Nov | 10 | Extreme |
| Dec | 9 | Very high |
Average hourly UV index in San Carlos
Modeled clear-sky UV for every hour of every day — when in the day sun protection actually matters.
The whole year hour by hour: each column is a day, each row an hour, and the color is the modeled clear-sky UV index — the midday peak scaled down as the sun sits lower in the sky. Darker overlays mark night, lighter ones the civil-twilight hours around sunrise and sunset.
UV falls off far faster than brightness as the sun drops, so even in March the burn window is concentrated in the middle of the day: about 8 hours a day reach index 3 (protection recommended), and 6.5 hours reach 6 or more. Mornings and late afternoons stay comparatively gentle year round.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV ≥ 3 (h/day) | 7 | 7.5 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7.5 | 7 | 7 |
| UV ≥ 6 (h/day) | 5 | 6 | 6.5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5.5 | 5 | 4.5 |
| UV ≥ 3 (h/day) | UV ≥ 6 (h/day) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 7 | 5 |
| Feb | 7.5 | 6 |
| Mar | 8 | 6.5 |
| Apr | 8 | 6 |
| May | 8 | 6 |
| Jun | 8 | 6 |
| Jul | 8 | 6 |
| Aug | 8 | 6 |
| Sep | 8 | 6 |
| Oct | 7.5 | 5.5 |
| Nov | 7 | 5 |
| Dec | 7 | 4.5 |
Air quality in San Carlos by month
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see which months the air is worst, not just the yearly average.
Air quality in San Carlos is worst in July — around 24 µg/m³ PM2.5 (moderate), about 3.6× the cleanest month (December, 7 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 7 | 9 | 10 | 18 | 22 | 20 | 24 | 19 | 13 | 10 | 7 | 7 |
| Level | Good | Good | Good | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Good | Good | Good |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 7 | Good |
| Feb | 9 | Good |
| Mar | 10 | Good |
| Apr | 18 | Moderate |
| May | 22 | Moderate |
| Jun | 20 | Moderate |
| Jul | 24 | Moderate |
| Aug | 19 | Moderate |
| Sep | 13 | Moderate |
| Oct | 10 | Good |
| Nov | 7 | Good |
| Dec | 7 | Good |
Growing season
San Carlos is frost-free year round — even the coldest nights rarely reach freezing, so there is no start or end to the growing season.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frost-free chance (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Frost nights | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Frost-free chance (%) | Frost nights | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 100 | 0 |
| Feb | 100 | 0 |
| Mar | 100 | 0 |
| Apr | 100 | 0 |
| May | 100 | 0 |
| Jun | 100 | 0 |
| Jul | 100 | 0 |
| Aug | 100 | 0 |
| Sep | 100 | 0 |
| Oct | 100 | 0 |
| Nov | 100 | 0 |
| Dec | 100 | 0 |
Growing degree days
Growing degree days tally heat above 10°C: each day adds however many degrees its average temperature runs over that threshold, and cold days add nothing. San Carlos banks about 6,013 degree days a year, and the running total — which growers use to time plantings and predict maturity — climbs fastest around April.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Growing degree days (°C·days) | 477 | 442 | 514 | 528 | 543 | 506 | 514 | 518 | 501 | 509 | 479 | 483 |
| Growing degree days (°C·days) | |
|---|---|
| Jan | 477 |
| Feb | 442 |
| Mar | 514 |
| Apr | 528 |
| May | 543 |
| Jun | 506 |
| Jul | 514 |
| Aug | 518 |
| Sep | 501 |
| Oct | 509 |
| Nov | 479 |
| Dec | 483 |
Solar energy
Average daily shortwave solar energy reaching the ground, banded into brightness zones so the number means something at a glance.
Solar energy is how much sunlight actually reaches the ground each day, measured in kilowatt-hours per square metre (kWh/m²) — the combined effect of how long the sun is up, how high it climbs, and how much cloud gets in the way. It's the raw fuel a solar panel has to work with: for scale, 1 kWh/m² a day is dim and wintry, while 7+ is desert-bright.
San Carlos receives about 4.4 kWh/m² a day of solar energy on average — bright — with a clear seasonal swing between 3.6 and 5.7 kWh/m².
The brighter stretch of the year lasts 4.1 months, from around Jan 30 to Jun 4. The brightest month is April, averaging about 5.6 kWh/m² (bright).
The dimmest month is November, down near 3.6 kWh/m² — roughly 35% less than the April peak.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 4.1 | 4.7 | 5.4 | 5.6 | 4.8 | 4.2 | 3.9 | 4.2 | 4.4 | 4.0 | 3.6 | 3.7 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Moderate | Bright | Bright | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 4.1 | Bright |
| Feb | 4.7 | Bright |
| Mar | 5.4 | Bright |
| Apr | 5.6 | Bright |
| May | 4.8 | Bright |
| Jun | 4.2 | Bright |
| Jul | 3.9 | Moderate |
| Aug | 4.2 | Bright |
| Sep | 4.4 | Bright |
| Oct | 4.0 | Moderate |
| Nov | 3.6 | Moderate |
| Dec | 3.7 | Moderate |
Where is San Carlos?
San Carlos sits at 11.1°N, 84.8°W, 0 m above sea level, in Nicaragua. The nearest listed city is El Castillo, 43 km away.
Topography around San Carlos
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of San Carlos.
Within 3 km, the terrain around San Carlos has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 67 m around an average of 35 m above sea level; within 16 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 152 m; within 80 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,960 m.
The land around San Carlos is covered by water (46%) and trees (35%) within 3 km, water (39%), grassland (30%) and trees (29%) within 16 km, and trees (52%) and grassland (28%) within 80 km.
Nicaragua travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 3
- Reconsider Travel
- Power plugs
- Type A / B
- 120 V · 60 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 34% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $3,173
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.3 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Homicide rate
- 11.3
- per 100k, 2021
- Road deaths
- 16.9
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Lower middle
- World Bank
- English
- Moderate
- EF EPI 512
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for San Carlos (11.1271°, -84.7779°, elevation 0 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. Tropical-cyclone seasons are the published climatological basin seasons (NOAA National Hurricane Center / regional warning centres). UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).