Climate and average weather in Kotlas
In Kotlas, the summers are warm, showery, and partly cloudy and the winters are frigid, snowy, and mostly cloudy.
Over the course of the year, the temperature in Kotlas typically varies from -15°C to 23°C, and is rarely below -30°C or above 29°C. July is the hottest month of the year, while January is the coldest.
Based on the travel score, the best time of year to visit Kotlas for warm-weather activities is from late May to late August.
- Hottest
- Jul
- 23°
- Coldest
- Jan
- -15°
- Wettest
- Jul
- 71 mm
- Driest
- Feb
- 29 mm
- Rain / yr
- 591 mm
- 127 wet days
- Daylight
- 5.0–19.0 h
- shortest–longest
- Elevation
- 78 m
- 61.3°N
- Clearest
- Jul
- 66% cloud
Kotlas is city in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia.
- Density
- 870/km²
- people per km²
- Founded
- 1890
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Kotlas weather by month, at a glance
The whole year in one picture — sky, rain, humidity, temperature and travel score. Click any band to jump to its full chart.
Each stripe is one measure across the whole year, stacked so a single day reads top to bottom. The sky band runs overcast grey on top down to clear blue at the base — more blue means sunnier — followed by the rainfall curve, the humidity band, a temperature strip that tints each stretch of the year by how warm its average high is, and the travel-score line at the foot. Scan straight down any date to read that day across every measure at once; the score climbs highest around late May to late August.
Temperature through the year
Daily average highs and lows in Kotlas, from 1991–2020 of climate data. The shaded bands show the range most days fall in — 10th to 90th percentile.
The hot season lasts 3.8 months, from May 16 to September 7, with daily high temperatures above 15°C. The hottest month of the year in Kotlas is July, with an average high of 23°C and low of 12°C.
The cool season lasts 3.4 months, from November 19 to March 2, with daily high temperatures below -3°C. The coldest month of the year in Kotlas is January, with an average low of -15°C and high of -9°C.
Days typically run about 8°C warmer than nights, with the widest day–night swing (around 11°C) in May.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | -9 | -7 | 0 | 7 | 15 | 20 | 23 | 19 | 13 | 5 | -3 | -7 |
| Avg low (°C) | -15 | -14 | -9 | -2 | 4 | 9 | 12 | 10 | 6 | 0 | -7 | -12 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | -9 | -15 |
| Feb | -7 | -14 |
| Mar | 0 | -9 |
| Apr | 7 | -2 |
| May | 15 | 4 |
| Jun | 20 | 9 |
| Jul | 23 | 12 |
| Aug | 19 | 10 |
| Sep | 13 | 6 |
| Oct | 5 | 0 |
| Nov | -3 | -7 |
| Dec | -7 | -12 |
How hot and cold Kotlas really feels
The felt-temperature range through the year — heat index on the day's high (summer humidity), wind chill on the night's low (winter wind). The dashed lines are the plain thermometer; the gap is how much hotter or colder it really feels.
On the coldest nights, wind chill pulls the feels-like down to about -23°C (around January 29), with roughly 219 freezing days a year (feels-like at or below 0°C) — 145 of them bitterly cold — worst in January.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feels-like high (°C) | -9 | -7 | -1 | 7 | 15 | 20 | 22 | 19 | 13 | 5 | -3 | -7 |
| Air high (°C) | -9 | -7 | 0 | 7 | 15 | 20 | 23 | 19 | 13 | 5 | -3 | -7 |
| Feels-like low (°C) | -22 | -21 | -14 | -6 | 1 | 8 | 12 | 9 | 3 | -3 | -12 | -18 |
| Air low (°C) | -15 | -14 | -9 | -2 | 4 | 9 | 12 | 10 | 6 | 0 | -7 | -12 |
| Feels-like high (°C) | Air high (°C) | Feels-like low (°C) | Air low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | -9 | -9 | -22 | -15 |
| Feb | -7 | -7 | -21 | -14 |
| Mar | -1 | 0 | -14 | -9 |
| Apr | 7 | 7 | -6 | -2 |
| May | 15 | 15 | 1 | 4 |
| Jun | 20 | 20 | 8 | 9 |
| Jul | 22 | 23 | 12 | 12 |
| Aug | 19 | 19 | 9 | 10 |
| Sep | 13 | 13 | 3 | 6 |
| Oct | 5 | 5 | -3 | 0 |
| Nov | -3 | -3 | -12 | -7 |
| Dec | -7 | -7 | -18 | -12 |
Average hourly temperature in Kotlas
A compact picture of the whole year, hour by hour: each column is a day, each row an hour, and the color is the modeled average temperature. Darker overlays mark night, lighter ones the civil-twilight hours around sunrise and sunset.
Read left to right for the day of the year and top to bottom for the hour of the day; the color is the modeled temperature, cool blues through to hot reds on the same scale as the other charts. A vertical slice is a single day's swing — coolest just before dawn, warmest in the mid-afternoon — while a horizontal slice follows one hour across the seasons. The darker overlay marks night and the lighter one the twilight around sunrise and sunset. Colors run warmest on July afternoons, near 23°C, and coldest before dawn in January, near -15°C.
Kotlas weather by month
Every month at a glance. Click a month for its detailed page.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | -9° / -15° | 31 | 9.8 | 12.5 | 6 | 0.0 |
| Feb | -7° / -14° | 29 | 8.1 | 10.5 | 8.4 | 0.0 |
| Mar | -1° / -9° | 32 | 8.4 | 9.1 | 11.3 | 0.0 |
| Apr | 7° / -2° | 38 | 8.5 | 3.8 | 14.3 | 1.1 |
| May | 15° / 4° | 54 | 11.1 | 0.9 | 17 | 4.2 |
| Jun | 20° / 9° | 68 | 11.4 | 0 | 18.8 | 5.8 |
| Jul | 23° / 12° | 71 | 11.8 | 0 | 18.1 | 6.4 |
| Aug | 19° / 10° | 67 | 12.4 | 0 | 15.6 | 5.5 |
| Sep | 13° / 6° | 60 | 11.9 | 0.3 | 12.6 | 3.2 |
| Oct | 5° / 0° | 60 | 11.7 | 4 | 9.6 | 0.4 |
| Nov | -3° / -7° | 45 | 11 | 10.5 | 6.9 | 0.0 |
| Dec | -7° / -12° | 37 | 10.8 | 13.1 | 5.2 | 0.0 |
Chance of rain
How likely it is to rain on a typical day, and how that shifts across the wetter and drier seasons.
Kotlas gets about 591 mm of precipitation a year. On a typical day the chance of rain is often wet, but that rises and falls sharply with the seasons.
The wetter season lasts 6.5 months, from around May 10 to Nov 23, peaking in September at about 41% chance on a given day. The drier stretch runs the rest of the year, bottoming out around Feb 9.
July is the wettest month by volume, with 71 mm over about 12 wet days; February is the driest, with 29 mm. Some of the cold-season precipitation falls as snow.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain on a day (%) | 31 | 29 | 28 | 29 | 35 | 38 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 38 | 37 | 34 |
| Rain days | 10 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 11 |
| Rain on a day (%) | Rain days | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 31 | 10 |
| Feb | 29 | 8 |
| Mar | 28 | 8 |
| Apr | 29 | 9 |
| May | 35 | 11 |
| Jun | 38 | 11 |
| Jul | 38 | 12 |
| Aug | 39 | 12 |
| Sep | 40 | 12 |
| Oct | 38 | 12 |
| Nov | 37 | 11 |
| Dec | 34 | 11 |
Monthly rainfall
Over a full year, Kotlas collects about 591 mm of rain across 127 wet days — roughly 49 mm in an average month.
It doesn’t fall evenly. July is the wettest month with 71 mm, while February is the driest at just 29 mm. The three wettest months alone bring about 35% of the year’s total, and some of the cold-season precipitation falls as snow.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rainfall (mm) | 31 | 29 | 32 | 38 | 54 | 68 | 71 | 67 | 60 | 60 | 45 | 37 |
| Rain days | 10 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 11 |
| Snow days | 13 | 11 | 9 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 11 | 13 |
| Rainfall (mm) | Rain days | Snow days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 31 | 10 | 13 |
| Feb | 29 | 8 | 11 |
| Mar | 32 | 8 | 9 |
| Apr | 38 | 9 | 4 |
| May | 54 | 11 | 1 |
| Jun | 68 | 11 | 0 |
| Jul | 71 | 12 | 0 |
| Aug | 67 | 12 | 0 |
| Sep | 60 | 12 | 0 |
| Oct | 60 | 12 | 4 |
| Nov | 45 | 11 | 11 |
| Dec | 37 | 11 | 13 |
Snow in Kotlas
Average snowy days through the year, the snow-season span, and estimated snowfall — for ski trips and the perennial 'will there be snow at Christmas?' question.
Kotlas averages about 65 snowy days a year. Snow season runs roughly Sep 22 to May 24 — about 8.1 months.
December is snowiest, with roughly 13 days of snow and an estimated 44 cm of snowfall. Over the year that adds up to an estimated 235 cm of snow.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Snow days | 13 | 11 | 9 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 11 | 13 |
| Snowfall (cm) | 37 | 36 | 36 | 17 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 18 | 41 | 44 |
| Snow days | Snowfall (cm) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 13 | 37 |
| Feb | 11 | 36 |
| Mar | 9 | 36 |
| Apr | 4 | 17 |
| May | 1 | 6 |
| Jun | 0 | 0 |
| Jul | 0 | 0 |
| Aug | 0 | 0 |
| Sep | 0 | 1 |
| Oct | 4 | 18 |
| Nov | 11 | 41 |
| Dec | 13 | 44 |
Clouds and sunshine
How often the daytime sky is clear, partly cloudy or overcast.
In Kotlas, the average share of the sky covered by clouds shows significant seasonal variation over the course of the year.
The clearer part of the year begins around March 7 and lasts for 5.9 months, ending around September 2. The clearest month is July, when the sky is clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 38% of the time on average.
The cloudier part of the year begins around September 3 and lasts for 6.1 months, ending around March 6. The cloudiest month is December, when it is overcast or mostly cloudy 95% of the time.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 7 | 15 | 22 | 26 | 32 | 32 | 38 | 27 | 17 | 11 | 7 | 5 |
| Cloudier (%) | 93 | 85 | 78 | 74 | 68 | 68 | 62 | 73 | 83 | 89 | 93 | 95 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 7 | 93 |
| Feb | 15 | 85 |
| Mar | 22 | 78 |
| Apr | 26 | 74 |
| May | 32 | 68 |
| Jun | 32 | 68 |
| Jul | 38 | 62 |
| Aug | 27 | 73 |
| Sep | 17 | 83 |
| Oct | 11 | 89 |
| Nov | 7 | 93 |
| Dec | 5 | 95 |
Daylight, sunrise and sunset
Hours of daylight through the year, with sunrise and sunset times.
The gold band is daylight — sunrise runs along its lower edge, sunset along the upper — so it widens toward summer and pinches toward winter, with night the dark area above and below. The longest day, around June 20, brings about 19 hours of light; the shortest, around December 20, only 5 hours — a swing of roughly 14 hours.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 6.0 | 8.4 | 11.3 | 14.3 | 17.0 | 18.8 | 18.1 | 15.6 | 12.6 | 9.6 | 6.9 | 5.2 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 9:04 | 7:53 | 6:24 | 4:44 | 3:17 | 2:27 | 2:55 | 4:11 | 5:31 | 6:50 | 8:15 | 9:17 |
| Sunset (PM) | 3:01 | 4:22 | 5:42 | 7:03 | 8:22 | 9:20 | 9:03 | 7:44 | 6:05 | 4:27 | 3:02 | 2:22 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 6.0 | 9:04 | 3:01 |
| Feb | 8.4 | 7:53 | 4:22 |
| Mar | 11.3 | 6:24 | 5:42 |
| Apr | 14.3 | 4:44 | 7:03 |
| May | 17.0 | 3:17 | 8:22 |
| Jun | 18.8 | 2:27 | 9:20 |
| Jul | 18.1 | 2:55 | 9:03 |
| Aug | 15.6 | 4:11 | 7:44 |
| Sep | 12.6 | 5:31 | 6:05 |
| Oct | 9.6 | 6:50 | 4:27 |
| Nov | 6.9 | 8:15 | 3:02 |
| Dec | 5.2 | 9:17 | 2:22 |
Sunny days
How many genuinely sunny days each month brings — days the sky stays clear or mostly clear — banded into plain-language zones.
Kotlas averages about 3 sunny days a month — counting the days the sky stays clear or mostly clear — with a clear seasonal swing between 1 and 6 days.
The sunnier stretch runs 6.3 months, from around Feb 23 to Sep 2. The sunniest month is July, with roughly 6 sunny days (gloomy).
The greyest month is January, down near 1 sunny days — about 80% fewer than the July peak.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sunny days | 1 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Sky | Gloomy | Gloomy | Gloomy | Gloomy | Gloomy | Gloomy | Gloomy | Gloomy | Gloomy | Gloomy | Gloomy | Gloomy |
| Sunny days | Sky | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 1 | Gloomy |
| Feb | 3 | Gloomy |
| Mar | 4 | Gloomy |
| Apr | 5 | Gloomy |
| May | 6 | Gloomy |
| Jun | 5 | Gloomy |
| Jul | 6 | Gloomy |
| Aug | 4 | Gloomy |
| Sep | 2 | Gloomy |
| Oct | 1 | Gloomy |
| Nov | 1 | Gloomy |
| Dec | 1 | Gloomy |
Humidity comfort
Share of days at each humidity comfort level, based on the dew point — the measure that tracks how muggy it actually feels.
Humidity comfort is graded by the dew point — the temperature at which the air would be fully saturated — because it tracks how muggy it actually feels far better than relative humidity does. A low dew point feels dry and crisp; a high one feels sticky and oppressive no matter the reading on a humidity gauge.
In Kotlas, how humid it feels changes noticeably over the year.
The more humid part of the year lasts 2.6 months, from around June 10 to August 28. The muggiest month is July, when the air feels humid, muggy or worse about 18% of the time.
The most comfortable stretch runs from around August 29 to June 9, and May is the most comfortable month — the air is dry or comfortable 100% of the time.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 98 | 81 | 54 | 71 | 96 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Comfortable (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 13 | 28 | 20 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Humid (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 15 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Muggy (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | Humid (%) | Muggy (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Feb | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| May | 98 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun | 81 | 13 | 5 | 1 |
| Jul | 54 | 28 | 15 | 3 |
| Aug | 71 | 20 | 8 | 1 |
| Sep | 96 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| Oct | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Dec | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Wind
Average wind speed through the year, banded into plain-language speed zones so a number reads as 'breezy' or 'calm' without knowing the scale.
This is the average sustained wind speed at the standard 10 metres above open ground — the steady flow a weather station reports, not the sharper gusts that come and go, which can run half again as fast. It's the number that says whether a place is generally breezy or calm.
Wind in Kotlas is steady company: average speeds sit near 11 km/h — calm — in every month of the year, with no meaningful windy or calm season.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 12 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | light breeze | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 12 | calm |
| Feb | 12 | calm |
| Mar | 12 | calm |
| Apr | 11 | calm |
| May | 11 | calm |
| Jun | 11 | calm |
| Jul | 10 | calm |
| Aug | 10 | calm |
| Sep | 11 | calm |
| Oct | 12 | light breeze |
| Nov | 12 | calm |
| Dec | 12 | calm |
Best time to visit Kotlas
To characterize how pleasant the weather is in Kotlas throughout the year, we compute two travel scores — one for general sightseeing, one for beach and pool weather.
Around early June, Kotlas is still near the start of its best-weather window — great conditions with the peak-season crowds not yet at full swing.
Inferred from the travel-score curve; month-by-month visitor numbers are a planned addition.
The travel score favors clear, rainless days with daytime highs between 18°C and 28°C. Based on this score, the best time of year to visit Kotlas for general outdoor tourist activities is from late May to late August, with a peak score in the third week of July.
The travel score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Travel score (0–10) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.1 | 4.2 | 5.8 | 6.4 | 5.5 | 3.2 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Rating | poor | poor | poor | poor | fair | good | good | fair | poor | poor | poor | poor |
| Travel score (0–10) | Rating | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 0.0 | poor |
| Feb | 0.0 | poor |
| Mar | 0.0 | poor |
| Apr | 1.1 | poor |
| May | 4.2 | fair |
| Jun | 5.8 | good |
| Jul | 6.4 | good |
| Aug | 5.5 | fair |
| Sep | 3.2 | poor |
| Oct | 0.5 | poor |
| Nov | 0.0 | poor |
| Dec | 0.0 | poor |
The beach/pool score favors clear, rainless days with daytime highs between 24°C and 34°C. Based on this score, the best time of year to visit Kotlas for hot-weather activities is from late June to early August, with a peak score in the third week of July.
The beach/pool score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).
What to pack for Kotlas, by month
Month by month, what's worth putting in the bag — from the temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind. Tap a month for a quick packing note.
For a warm-season trip around July (highs near 23°C), the essentials are light clothes, rain gear and sun protection. In the cold season around January (highs near -9°C), pack a warm layer, a heavy coat and rain gear.
In July, Kotlas sees daytime highs around 23°C and nights near 12°C. Worth packing: light clothes, rain gear and sun protection. About 12 days see rain.
UV index (midday) in Kotlas by month
Clear-sky midday UV index through the year, shaded by the WHO exposure levels — how much sun protection each month calls for.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Kotlas peaks around June 22 at about 5 (moderate) — a little sun protection helps at midday. It bottoms out near December 19 at about 0 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 4 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Level | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Low |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 0 | Low |
| Feb | 1 | Low |
| Mar | 2 | Low |
| Apr | 2 | Moderate |
| May | 4 | Moderate |
| Jun | 5 | Moderate |
| Jul | 5 | Moderate |
| Aug | 3 | Moderate |
| Sep | 3 | Moderate |
| Oct | 1 | Low |
| Nov | 0 | Low |
| Dec | 0 | Low |
Average hourly UV index in Kotlas
Modeled clear-sky UV for every hour of every day — when in the day sun protection actually matters.
The whole year hour by hour: each column is a day, each row an hour, and the color is the modeled clear-sky UV index — the midday peak scaled down as the sun sits lower in the sky. Darker overlays mark night, lighter ones the civil-twilight hours around sunrise and sunset.
UV falls off far faster than brightness as the sun drops, so even in June the burn window is concentrated in the middle of the day: about 6.5 hours a day reach index 3 (protection recommended). Mornings and late afternoons stay comparatively gentle year round.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV ≥ 3 (h/day) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 3.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| UV ≥ 6 (h/day) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| UV ≥ 3 (h/day) | UV ≥ 6 (h/day) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 0 | 0 |
| Feb | 0 | 0 |
| Mar | 0 | 0 |
| Apr | 0 | 0 |
| May | 4 | 0 |
| Jun | 6.5 | 0 |
| Jul | 6.5 | 0 |
| Aug | 3.5 | 0 |
| Sep | 0 | 0 |
| Oct | 0 | 0 |
| Nov | 0 | 0 |
| Dec | 0 | 0 |
Growing season
The growing season in Kotlas typically lasts about 175 days, from around April 26 to October 17 — the span where a frost-free day is more likely than not. It is reliably frost-free from May 27 to September 21.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frost-free chance (%) | 6 | 7 | 10 | 35 | 80 | 99 | 100 | 100 | 93 | 54 | 18 | 10 |
| Frost nights | 31 | 28 | 31 | 30 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 31 | 30 | 31 |
| Frost-free chance (%) | Frost nights | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 6 | 31 |
| Feb | 7 | 28 |
| Mar | 10 | 31 |
| Apr | 35 | 30 |
| May | 80 | 26 |
| Jun | 99 | 0 |
| Jul | 100 | 0 |
| Aug | 100 | 0 |
| Sep | 93 | 10 |
| Oct | 54 | 31 |
| Nov | 18 | 30 |
| Dec | 10 | 31 |
Growing degree days
Growing degree days tally heat above 10°C: each day adds however many degrees its average temperature runs over that threshold, and cold days add nothing. Kotlas banks about 529 degree days a year, and the running total — which growers use to time plantings and predict maturity — climbs fastest around July.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Growing degree days (°C·days) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 137 | 228 | 139 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Growing degree days (°C·days) | |
|---|---|
| Jan | 0 |
| Feb | 0 |
| Mar | 0 |
| Apr | 0 |
| May | 14 |
| Jun | 137 |
| Jul | 228 |
| Aug | 139 |
| Sep | 12 |
| Oct | 0 |
| Nov | 0 |
| Dec | 0 |
Solar energy
Average daily shortwave solar energy reaching the ground, banded into brightness zones so the number means something at a glance.
Solar energy is how much sunlight actually reaches the ground each day, measured in kilowatt-hours per square metre (kWh/m²) — the combined effect of how long the sun is up, how high it climbs, and how much cloud gets in the way. It's the raw fuel a solar panel has to work with: for scale, 1 kWh/m² a day is dim and wintry, while 7+ is desert-bright.
Kotlas receives about 2.4 kWh/m² a day of solar energy on average — moderate — with a clear seasonal swing between 0.1 and 5.3 kWh/m².
The brighter stretch of the year lasts 5.5 months, from around Mar 22 to Sep 5. The brightest month is June, averaging about 5.2 kWh/m² (bright).
The dimmest month is December, down near 0.1 kWh/m² — roughly 98% less than the June peak.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 0.2 | 0.8 | 2.1 | 3.7 | 4.9 | 5.2 | 5.0 | 3.5 | 2.0 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 0.1 |
| Level | Dim | Dim | Moderate | Moderate | Bright | Bright | Bright | Moderate | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 0.2 | Dim |
| Feb | 0.8 | Dim |
| Mar | 2.1 | Moderate |
| Apr | 3.7 | Moderate |
| May | 4.9 | Bright |
| Jun | 5.2 | Bright |
| Jul | 5.0 | Bright |
| Aug | 3.5 | Moderate |
| Sep | 2.0 | Dim |
| Oct | 0.8 | Dim |
| Nov | 0.3 | Dim |
| Dec | 0.1 | Dim |
Where is Kotlas?
Kotlas sits at 61.3°N, 46.7°E, 78 m above sea level, in Russia. The nearest listed city is Koryazhma, 27 km away.
Topography around Kotlas
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Kotlas.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Kotlas has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 39 m around an average of 51 m above sea level; within 16 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 113 m; within 80 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 237 m.
The land around Kotlas is covered by trees (44%) and artificial surfaces (25%) within 3 km, trees (68%) within 16 km, and trees (89%) within 80 km.
Russia travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 4
- Do Not Travel
- Power plugs
- Type C / F
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 32% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $17,547
- 2025
- Happiness
- 5.8 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 76%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 6.8
- per 100k, 2021
- Road deaths
- 12
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- English
- Moderate
- EF EPI 521
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Kotlas (61.2566°, 46.6537°, elevation 78 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).