Climate and average weather in Mpumalanga
In Mpumalanga, the weather is humid, warm, wet, and partly cloudy and remarkably steady, with daytime highs holding near warm levels all year. The wettest stretch peaks around December.
Over the course of the year, the temperature in Mpumalanga typically varies from 10°C to 28°C, and is rarely below 7°C or above 32°C. February is the hottest month of the year, while July is the coldest.
Based on the travel score, the best time of year to visit Mpumalanga for warm-weather activities is from mid April to late September.
- Hottest
- Feb
- 28°
- Coldest
- Jul
- 10°
- Wettest
- Dec
- 102 mm
- Driest
- Jun
- 22 mm
- Rain / yr
- 803 mm
- 122 wet days
- Daylight
- 10.1–13.9 h
- shortest–longest
- Elevation
- 711 m
- 29.8°S
- Clearest
- Jul
- 24% cloud
Mpumalanga is township in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Mpumalanga weather by month, at a glance
The whole year in one picture — sky, rain, humidity, temperature and travel score. Click any band to jump to its full chart.
Each stripe is one measure across the whole year, stacked so a single day reads top to bottom. The sky band runs overcast grey on top down to clear blue at the base — more blue means sunnier — followed by the rainfall curve, the humidity band, a temperature strip that tints each stretch of the year by how warm its average high is, and the travel-score line at the foot. Scan straight down any date to read that day across every measure at once; the score climbs highest around mid April to late September.
Temperature through the year
Daily average highs and lows in Mpumalanga, from 1991–2020 of climate data. The shaded bands show the range most days fall in — 10th to 90th percentile.
Temperatures in Mpumalanga stay fairly even through the year, without a distinct hot or cool season. The warmest month is February, with an average high of 28°C and low of 20°C; the coolest is July, with an average low of 10°C and high of 23°C.
Days typically run about 10°C warmer than nights, with the widest day–night swing (around 12°C) in June.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 27 | 28 | 27 | 26 | 25 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 26 |
| Avg low (°C) | 20 | 20 | 19 | 16 | 13 | 11 | 10 | 12 | 14 | 15 | 17 | 18 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 27 | 20 |
| Feb | 28 | 20 |
| Mar | 27 | 19 |
| Apr | 26 | 16 |
| May | 25 | 13 |
| Jun | 23 | 11 |
| Jul | 23 | 10 |
| Aug | 23 | 12 |
| Sep | 24 | 14 |
| Oct | 24 | 15 |
| Nov | 25 | 17 |
| Dec | 26 | 18 |
Average hourly temperature in Mpumalanga
A compact picture of the whole year, hour by hour: each column is a day, each row an hour, and the color is the modeled average temperature. Darker overlays mark night, lighter ones the civil-twilight hours around sunrise and sunset.
Read left to right for the day of the year and top to bottom for the hour of the day; the color is the modeled temperature, cool blues through to hot reds on the same scale as the other charts. A vertical slice is a single day's swing — coolest just before dawn, warmest in the mid-afternoon — while a horizontal slice follows one hour across the seasons. The darker overlay marks night and the lighter one the twilight around sunrise and sunset. Colors run warmest on February afternoons, near 28°C, and coldest before dawn in July, near 10°C.
Mpumalanga weather by month
Every month at a glance. Click a month for its detailed page.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 27° / 20° | 101 | 15.6 | 13.7 | 5.6 |
| Feb | 28° / 20° | 87 | 13.1 | 13.1 | 5.7 |
| Mar | 27° / 19° | 87 | 12.7 | 12.2 | 6.2 |
| Apr | 26° / 16° | 60 | 9.1 | 11.3 | 7.1 |
| May | 25° / 13° | 33 | 5 | 10.5 | 8.2 |
| Jun | 23° / 11° | 22 | 3.9 | 10.1 | 8.5 |
| Jul | 23° / 10° | 34 | 3.9 | 10.3 | 8.4 |
| Aug | 23° / 12° | 30 | 5.6 | 10.9 | 8.1 |
| Sep | 24° / 14° | 58 | 9 | 11.8 | 7.2 |
| Oct | 24° / 15° | 88 | 13.8 | 12.7 | 6.3 |
| Nov | 25° / 17° | 101 | 14.8 | 13.5 | 5.8 |
| Dec | 26° / 18° | 102 | 15.6 | 13.9 | 5.6 |
Chance of rain
How likely it is to rain on a typical day, and how that shifts across the wetter and drier seasons.
Mpumalanga gets about 803 mm of precipitation a year. On a typical day the chance of rain is often wet, but that rises and falls sharply with the seasons.
The wetter season lasts 6.5 months, from around Sep 23 to Apr 8, peaking in December at about 53% chance on a given day. The drier stretch runs the rest of the year, bottoming out around Jul 6.
December is the wettest month by volume, with 102 mm over about 16 wet days; June is the driest, with 22 mm.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain on a day (%) | 49 | 47 | 41 | 30 | 17 | 13 | 13 | 19 | 31 | 43 | 50 | 50 |
| Rain days | 16 | 13 | 13 | 9 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 9 | 14 | 15 | 16 |
| Rain on a day (%) | Rain days | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 49 | 16 |
| Feb | 47 | 13 |
| Mar | 41 | 13 |
| Apr | 30 | 9 |
| May | 17 | 5 |
| Jun | 13 | 4 |
| Jul | 13 | 4 |
| Aug | 19 | 6 |
| Sep | 31 | 9 |
| Oct | 43 | 14 |
| Nov | 50 | 15 |
| Dec | 50 | 16 |
Monthly rainfall
Over a full year, Mpumalanga collects about 803 mm of rain across 122 wet days — roughly 67 mm in an average month.
It doesn’t fall evenly. December is the wettest month with 102 mm, while June is the driest at just 22 mm. The three wettest months alone bring about 38% of the year’s total.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rainfall (mm) | 101 | 87 | 87 | 60 | 33 | 22 | 34 | 30 | 58 | 88 | 101 | 102 |
| Rain days | 16 | 13 | 13 | 9 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 9 | 14 | 15 | 16 |
| Rainfall (mm) | Rain days | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 101 | 16 |
| Feb | 87 | 13 |
| Mar | 87 | 13 |
| Apr | 60 | 9 |
| May | 33 | 5 |
| Jun | 22 | 4 |
| Jul | 34 | 4 |
| Aug | 30 | 6 |
| Sep | 58 | 9 |
| Oct | 88 | 14 |
| Nov | 101 | 15 |
| Dec | 102 | 16 |
Clouds and sunshine
How often the daytime sky is clear, partly cloudy or overcast.
In Mpumalanga, the average share of the sky covered by clouds shows significant seasonal variation over the course of the year.
The clearer part of the year begins around April 9 and lasts for 5.3 months, ending around September 16. The clearest month is July, when the sky is clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 83% of the time on average.
The cloudier part of the year begins around September 17 and lasts for 6.7 months, ending around April 8. The cloudiest month is November, when it is overcast or mostly cloudy 70% of the time.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 35 | 43 | 51 | 60 | 77 | 83 | 83 | 74 | 56 | 36 | 30 | 31 |
| Cloudier (%) | 65 | 57 | 49 | 40 | 23 | 17 | 17 | 26 | 44 | 64 | 70 | 69 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 35 | 65 |
| Feb | 43 | 57 |
| Mar | 51 | 49 |
| Apr | 60 | 40 |
| May | 77 | 23 |
| Jun | 83 | 17 |
| Jul | 83 | 17 |
| Aug | 74 | 26 |
| Sep | 56 | 44 |
| Oct | 36 | 64 |
| Nov | 30 | 70 |
| Dec | 31 | 69 |
Daylight, sunrise and sunset
Hours of daylight through the year, with sunrise and sunset times.
The gold band is daylight — sunrise runs along its lower edge, sunset along the upper — so it widens toward summer and pinches toward winter, with night the dark area above and below. The longest day, around January 1, brings about 13 h 54 min of light; the shortest, around June 8, only 10 h 06 min — a swing of roughly 3 h 48 min.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 13.7 | 13.1 | 12.2 | 11.3 | 10.5 | 10.1 | 10.3 | 10.9 | 11.8 | 12.7 | 13.5 | 13.9 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 5:15 | 5:40 | 6:00 | 6:19 | 6:38 | 6:55 | 6:55 | 6:34 | 5:57 | 5:20 | 4:57 | 4:56 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:58 | 6:44 | 6:14 | 5:36 | 5:09 | 5:01 | 5:11 | 5:29 | 5:46 | 6:05 | 6:28 | 6:51 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 13.7 | 5:15 | 6:58 |
| Feb | 13.1 | 5:40 | 6:44 |
| Mar | 12.2 | 6:00 | 6:14 |
| Apr | 11.3 | 6:19 | 5:36 |
| May | 10.5 | 6:38 | 5:09 |
| Jun | 10.1 | 6:55 | 5:01 |
| Jul | 10.3 | 6:55 | 5:11 |
| Aug | 10.9 | 6:34 | 5:29 |
| Sep | 11.8 | 5:57 | 5:46 |
| Oct | 12.7 | 5:20 | 6:05 |
| Nov | 13.5 | 4:57 | 6:28 |
| Dec | 13.9 | 4:56 | 6:51 |
Sunny days
How many genuinely sunny days each month brings — days the sky stays clear or mostly clear — banded into plain-language zones.
Mpumalanga averages about 13 sunny days a month — counting the days the sky stays clear or mostly clear — with a clear seasonal swing between 4 and 23 days.
The sunnier stretch runs 5.3 months, from around Apr 11 to Sep 18. The sunniest month is July, with roughly 23 sunny days (bright).
The greyest month is December, down near 5 sunny days — about 80% fewer than the July peak.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sunny days | 6 | 8 | 11 | 13 | 19 | 22 | 23 | 19 | 13 | 7 | 5 | 5 |
| Sky | Gloomy | Mixed | Mixed | Mixed | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Mixed | Gloomy | Gloomy | Gloomy |
| Sunny days | Sky | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 6 | Gloomy |
| Feb | 8 | Mixed |
| Mar | 11 | Mixed |
| Apr | 13 | Mixed |
| May | 19 | Bright |
| Jun | 22 | Bright |
| Jul | 23 | Bright |
| Aug | 19 | Bright |
| Sep | 13 | Mixed |
| Oct | 7 | Gloomy |
| Nov | 5 | Gloomy |
| Dec | 5 | Gloomy |
Humidity comfort
Share of days at each humidity comfort level, based on the dew point — the measure that tracks how muggy it actually feels.
Humidity comfort is graded by the dew point — the temperature at which the air would be fully saturated — because it tracks how muggy it actually feels far better than relative humidity does. A low dew point feels dry and crisp; a high one feels sticky and oppressive no matter the reading on a humidity gauge.
In Mpumalanga, how humid it feels changes dramatically over the year.
The more humid part of the year lasts 5.9 months, from around October 24 to April 22. The muggiest month is January, when the air feels humid, muggy or worse about 94% of the time.
The most comfortable stretch runs from around April 23 to October 23, and June is the most comfortable month — the air is dry or comfortable 100% of the time.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 1 | 0 | 2 | 12 | 53 | 93 | 96 | 82 | 47 | 21 | 10 | 2 |
| Comfortable (%) | 5 | 4 | 8 | 31 | 36 | 7 | 4 | 16 | 40 | 40 | 24 | 13 |
| Humid (%) | 24 | 21 | 33 | 43 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 12 | 33 | 44 | 37 |
| Muggy (%) | 55 | 55 | 51 | 14 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 22 | 41 |
| Oppressive (%) | 15 | 19 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 7 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | Humid (%) | Muggy (%) | Oppressive (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 1 | 5 | 24 | 55 | 15 |
| Feb | 0 | 4 | 21 | 55 | 19 |
| Mar | 2 | 8 | 33 | 51 | 6 |
| Apr | 12 | 31 | 43 | 14 | 0 |
| May | 53 | 36 | 10 | 1 | 0 |
| Jun | 93 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul | 96 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug | 82 | 16 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Sep | 47 | 40 | 12 | 0 | 0 |
| Oct | 21 | 40 | 33 | 6 | 0 |
| Nov | 10 | 24 | 44 | 22 | 1 |
| Dec | 2 | 13 | 37 | 41 | 7 |
Wind
Average wind speed through the year, banded into plain-language speed zones so a number reads as 'breezy' or 'calm' without knowing the scale.
This is the average sustained wind speed at the standard 10 metres above open ground — the steady flow a weather station reports, not the sharper gusts that come and go, which can run half again as fast. It's the number that says whether a place is generally breezy or calm.
Wind in Mpumalanga is steady company: average speeds sit near 10 km/h — calm — in every month of the year, with no meaningful windy or calm season.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 10 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 10 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 10 | calm |
| Feb | 10 | calm |
| Mar | 9 | calm |
| Apr | 9 | calm |
| May | 8 | calm |
| Jun | 9 | calm |
| Jul | 9 | calm |
| Aug | 10 | calm |
| Sep | 10 | calm |
| Oct | 11 | calm |
| Nov | 11 | calm |
| Dec | 10 | calm |
Hazard calendar for Mpumalanga
When the seasonal hazards worth planning around — the rainy season, tropical-cyclone risk and dust haze — are active through the year.
Mpumalanga sits in the South Indian Ocean cyclone belt; the season peaks January–March.
Best time to visit Mpumalanga
To characterize how pleasant the weather is in Mpumalanga throughout the year, we compute two travel scores — one for general sightseeing, one for beach and pool weather.
Around mid September, Mpumalanga is still near the tail of its best-weather window — great conditions with the peak-season crowds already thinning.
Inferred from the travel-score curve; month-by-month visitor numbers are a planned addition.
The travel score favors clear, rainless days with daytime highs between 18°C and 28°C. Based on this score, the best time of year to visit Mpumalanga for general outdoor tourist activities is from mid April to late September, with a peak score in the first week of June.
The travel score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Travel score (0–10) | 5.6 | 5.7 | 6.2 | 7.1 | 8.2 | 8.5 | 8.4 | 8.1 | 7.2 | 6.3 | 5.8 | 5.6 |
| Rating | good | good | good | good | ideal | ideal | ideal | ideal | good | good | good | good |
| Travel score (0–10) | Rating | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 5.6 | good |
| Feb | 5.7 | good |
| Mar | 6.2 | good |
| Apr | 7.1 | good |
| May | 8.2 | ideal |
| Jun | 8.5 | ideal |
| Jul | 8.4 | ideal |
| Aug | 8.1 | ideal |
| Sep | 7.2 | good |
| Oct | 6.3 | good |
| Nov | 5.8 | good |
| Dec | 5.6 | good |
The beach/pool score favors clear, rainless days with daytime highs between 24°C and 34°C. Based on this score, the best time of year to visit Mpumalanga for hot-weather activities is from late January to late September, with a peak score in the third week of May.
The beach/pool score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).
What to pack for Mpumalanga, by month
Month by month, what's worth putting in the bag — from the temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind. Tap a month for a quick packing note.
Mpumalanga packs about the same all year — highs hold near 28°C. Across the year the things worth having are light clothes, rain gear and sun protection.
In February, Mpumalanga sees daytime highs around 28°C and nights near 20°C. Pack light clothes and rain gear. Worth having: sun protection. About 13 days see rain.
Sea temperature near Mpumalanga
Average ocean temperature at the nearest coast, month by month, banded into swim-comfort zones — the other half of the beach question.
The sea at the nearest coast (about 42 km away) is warmest in February at about 26°C and coldest in August near 21°C.
The water stays above 20°C all year — warm enough for a swim any month.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sea temperature (°C) | 25 | 26 | 26 | 25 | 24 | 23 | 22 | 21 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 |
| Comfort | Warm | Warm | Warm | Warm | Refreshing | Refreshing | Refreshing | Refreshing | Refreshing | Refreshing | Refreshing | Warm |
| Sea temperature (°C) | Comfort | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 25 | Warm |
| Feb | 26 | Warm |
| Mar | 26 | Warm |
| Apr | 25 | Warm |
| May | 24 | Refreshing |
| Jun | 23 | Refreshing |
| Jul | 22 | Refreshing |
| Aug | 21 | Refreshing |
| Sep | 21 | Refreshing |
| Oct | 22 | Refreshing |
| Nov | 23 | Refreshing |
| Dec | 24 | Warm |
UV index (midday) in Mpumalanga by month
Clear-sky midday UV index through the year, shaded by the WHO exposure levels — how much sun protection each month calls for.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Mpumalanga peaks around January 16 at about 13 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near June 23 at about 4 (moderate).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 13 | 12 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 10 | 12 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | High | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | High | High | Extreme | Very high | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 13 | Extreme |
| Feb | 12 | Extreme |
| Mar | 10 | Very high |
| Apr | 5 | High |
| May | 5 | Moderate |
| Jun | 4 | Moderate |
| Jul | 4 | Moderate |
| Aug | 5 | High |
| Sep | 5 | High |
| Oct | 10 | Extreme |
| Nov | 10 | Very high |
| Dec | 12 | Extreme |
Average hourly UV index in Mpumalanga
Modeled clear-sky UV for every hour of every day — when in the day sun protection actually matters.
The whole year hour by hour: each column is a day, each row an hour, and the color is the modeled clear-sky UV index — the midday peak scaled down as the sun sits lower in the sky. Darker overlays mark night, lighter ones the civil-twilight hours around sunrise and sunset.
UV falls off far faster than brightness as the sun drops, so even in January the burn window is concentrated in the middle of the day: about 9 hours a day reach index 3 (protection recommended), and 6.5 hours reach 6 or more. Mornings and late afternoons stay comparatively gentle year round.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV ≥ 3 (h/day) | 9 | 8.5 | 7.5 | 5.5 | 4.5 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 5.5 | 8 | 8 | 8.5 |
| UV ≥ 6 (h/day) | 6.5 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 6.5 |
| UV ≥ 3 (h/day) | UV ≥ 6 (h/day) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 9 | 6.5 |
| Feb | 8.5 | 6 |
| Mar | 7.5 | 5 |
| Apr | 5.5 | 0 |
| May | 4.5 | 0 |
| Jun | 3 | 0 |
| Jul | 3 | 0 |
| Aug | 5 | 0 |
| Sep | 5.5 | 0 |
| Oct | 8 | 5.5 |
| Nov | 8 | 5.5 |
| Dec | 8.5 | 6.5 |
Air quality in Mpumalanga by month
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see which months the air is worst, not just the yearly average.
Air quality in Mpumalanga is worst in July — around 148 µg/m³ PM2.5 (unhealthy), about 6.1× the cleanest month (January, 24 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 24 | 31 | 50 | 77 | 126 | 144 | 148 | 116 | 88 | 57 | 41 | 30 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Poor | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Poor | Moderate |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 24 | Moderate |
| Feb | 31 | Moderate |
| Mar | 50 | Poor |
| Apr | 77 | Unhealthy |
| May | 126 | Unhealthy |
| Jun | 144 | Unhealthy |
| Jul | 148 | Unhealthy |
| Aug | 116 | Unhealthy |
| Sep | 88 | Unhealthy |
| Oct | 57 | Unhealthy |
| Nov | 41 | Poor |
| Dec | 30 | Moderate |
Growing season
Mpumalanga is frost-free year round — even the coldest nights rarely reach freezing, so there is no start or end to the growing season.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frost-free chance (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Frost nights | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Frost-free chance (%) | Frost nights | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 100 | 0 |
| Feb | 100 | 0 |
| Mar | 100 | 0 |
| Apr | 100 | 0 |
| May | 100 | 0 |
| Jun | 100 | 0 |
| Jul | 100 | 0 |
| Aug | 100 | 0 |
| Sep | 100 | 0 |
| Oct | 100 | 0 |
| Nov | 100 | 0 |
| Dec | 100 | 0 |
Growing degree days
Growing degree days tally heat above 10°C: each day adds however many degrees its average temperature runs over that threshold, and cold days add nothing. Mpumalanga banks about 3,727 degree days a year, and the running total — which growers use to time plantings and predict maturity — climbs fastest around February.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Growing degree days (°C·days) | 414 | 386 | 404 | 330 | 278 | 204 | 200 | 239 | 270 | 298 | 324 | 380 |
| Growing degree days (°C·days) | |
|---|---|
| Jan | 414 |
| Feb | 386 |
| Mar | 404 |
| Apr | 330 |
| May | 278 |
| Jun | 204 |
| Jul | 200 |
| Aug | 239 |
| Sep | 270 |
| Oct | 298 |
| Nov | 324 |
| Dec | 380 |
Solar energy
Average daily shortwave solar energy reaching the ground, banded into brightness zones so the number means something at a glance.
Solar energy is how much sunlight actually reaches the ground each day, measured in kilowatt-hours per square metre (kWh/m²) — the combined effect of how long the sun is up, how high it climbs, and how much cloud gets in the way. It's the raw fuel a solar panel has to work with: for scale, 1 kWh/m² a day is dim and wintry, while 7+ is desert-bright.
Mpumalanga receives about 4.5 kWh/m² a day of solar energy on average — bright — with a clear seasonal swing between 3.2 and 5.6 kWh/m².
The brighter stretch of the year lasts 6.4 months, from around Sep 12 to Mar 25. The brightest month is January, averaging about 5.5 kWh/m² (bright).
The dimmest month is June, down near 3.2 kWh/m² — roughly 42% less than the January peak.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 5.5 | 5.4 | 4.8 | 4.0 | 3.6 | 3.2 | 3.4 | 4.0 | 4.5 | 4.8 | 5.2 | 5.5 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 5.5 | Bright |
| Feb | 5.4 | Bright |
| Mar | 4.8 | Bright |
| Apr | 4.0 | Bright |
| May | 3.6 | Moderate |
| Jun | 3.2 | Moderate |
| Jul | 3.4 | Moderate |
| Aug | 4.0 | Moderate |
| Sep | 4.5 | Bright |
| Oct | 4.8 | Bright |
| Nov | 5.2 | Bright |
| Dec | 5.5 | Bright |
Where is Mpumalanga?
Mpumalanga sits at 29.8°S, 30.6°E, 711 m above sea level, in South Africa. The nearest listed city is Pinetown, 24 km away.
Topography around Mpumalanga
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Mpumalanga.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Mpumalanga has significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 354 m around an average of 607 m above sea level; within 16 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 701 m; within 80 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 2,041 m.
The land around Mpumalanga is covered by artificial surfaces (40%), grassland (29%) and trees (27%) within 3 km, trees (43%) and grassland (33%) within 16 km, and trees (38%), grassland (29%) and water (20%) within 80 km.
South Africa travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / M / N
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 41% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $6,598
- 2025
- Happiness
- 5.0 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 68%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 43.7
- per 100k, 2022
- Road deaths
- 22.2
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- Very high
- EF EPI 602
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Mpumalanga (-29.8129°, 30.6365°, elevation 711 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. Tropical-cyclone seasons are the published climatological basin seasons (NOAA National Hurricane Center / regional warning centres). Sea temperatures are the NOAA OISST v2.1 1991–2020 monthly climatology (public domain), sampled at the nearest ocean point. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).