Climate and average weather in Polonnaruwa
In Polonnaruwa, the weather is muggy, sweltering, wet, and mostly cloudy and remarkably steady, with daytime highs holding near sweltering levels all year. The wettest stretch peaks around November.
Over the course of the year, the temperature in Polonnaruwa typically varies from 22°C to 35°C, and is rarely below 19°C or above 37°C. May is the hottest month of the year, while January is the coldest.
Based on the travel score, the best time of year to visit Polonnaruwa for warm-weather activities is from mid December to mid March.
- Hottest
- May
- 35°
- Coldest
- Jan
- 22°
- Wettest
- Nov
- 233 mm
- Driest
- Jun
- 18 mm
- Rain / yr
- 1142 mm
- 140 wet days
- Daylight
- 11.5–12.5 h
- shortest–longest
- Elevation
- 0 m
- 7.9°N
- Clearest
- Mar
- 51% cloud
Polonnaruwa is town in North Central Province, Sri Lanka.
- Founded
- 1070
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Polonnaruwa weather by month, at a glance
The whole year in one picture — sky, rain, humidity, temperature and travel score. Click any band to jump to its full chart.
Each stripe is one measure across the whole year, stacked so a single day reads top to bottom. The sky band runs overcast grey on top down to clear blue at the base — more blue means sunnier — followed by the rainfall curve, the humidity band, a temperature strip that tints each stretch of the year by how warm its average high is, and the travel-score line at the foot. Scan straight down any date to read that day across every measure at once; the score climbs highest around mid December to mid March.
Temperature through the year
Daily average highs and lows in Polonnaruwa, from 1991–2020 of climate data. The shaded bands show the range most days fall in — 10th to 90th percentile.
Temperatures in Polonnaruwa stay fairly even through the year, without a distinct hot or cool season. The warmest month is May, with an average high of 35°C and low of 26°C; the coolest is January, with an average low of 22°C and high of 29°C.
Days typically run about 8°C warmer than nights, with the widest day–night swing (around 10°C) in March.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 29 | 30 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 33 | 30 | 29 |
| Avg low (°C) | 22 | 22 | 23 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 25 | 23 | 23 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 29 | 22 |
| Feb | 30 | 22 |
| Mar | 33 | 23 |
| Apr | 34 | 25 |
| May | 35 | 26 |
| Jun | 35 | 27 |
| Jul | 35 | 26 |
| Aug | 35 | 26 |
| Sep | 35 | 26 |
| Oct | 33 | 25 |
| Nov | 30 | 23 |
| Dec | 29 | 23 |
How hot and cold Polonnaruwa really feels
The felt-temperature range through the year — heat index on the day's high (summer humidity), wind chill on the night's low (winter wind). The dashed lines are the plain thermometer; the gap is how much hotter or colder it really feels.
On the hottest afternoons, once humidity is folded in, Polonnaruwa feels like about 42°C (around May 7). About 323 days a year carry some heat stress, and 147 of them tip into dangerous heat (feels-like above 39°C), peaking in May.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feels-like high (°C) | 32 | 33 | 37 | 41 | 41 | 40 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 38 | 35 | 32 |
| Air high (°C) | 29 | 30 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 33 | 30 | 29 |
| Feels-like low (°C) | 22 | 22 | 23 | 25 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 25 | 23 | 23 |
| Air low (°C) | 22 | 22 | 23 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 25 | 23 | 23 |
| Feels-like high (°C) | Air high (°C) | Feels-like low (°C) | Air low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 32 | 29 | 22 | 22 |
| Feb | 33 | 30 | 22 | 22 |
| Mar | 37 | 33 | 23 | 23 |
| Apr | 41 | 34 | 25 | 25 |
| May | 41 | 35 | 26 | 26 |
| Jun | 40 | 35 | 26 | 27 |
| Jul | 39 | 35 | 26 | 26 |
| Aug | 39 | 35 | 26 | 26 |
| Sep | 39 | 35 | 26 | 26 |
| Oct | 38 | 33 | 25 | 25 |
| Nov | 35 | 30 | 23 | 23 |
| Dec | 32 | 29 | 23 | 23 |
Average hourly temperature in Polonnaruwa
A compact picture of the whole year, hour by hour: each column is a day, each row an hour, and the color is the modeled average temperature. Darker overlays mark night, lighter ones the civil-twilight hours around sunrise and sunset.
Read left to right for the day of the year and top to bottom for the hour of the day; the color is the modeled temperature, cool blues through to hot reds on the same scale as the other charts. A vertical slice is a single day's swing — coolest just before dawn, warmest in the mid-afternoon — while a horizontal slice follows one hour across the seasons. The darker overlay marks night and the lighter one the twilight around sunrise and sunset. Colors run warmest on May afternoons, near 35°C, and coldest before dawn in January, near 22°C.
Polonnaruwa weather by month
Every month at a glance. Click a month for its detailed page.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 29° / 22° | 110 | 14.3 | 11.6 | 4.8 |
| Feb | 30° / 22° | 73 | 10.7 | 11.7 | 4.7 |
| Mar | 33° / 23° | 50 | 9.1 | 11.9 | 3.8 |
| Apr | 34° / 25° | 92 | 14.2 | 12.2 | 2.5 |
| May | 35° / 26° | 67 | 9.3 | 12.4 | 2.5 |
| Jun | 35° / 27° | 18 | 4.1 | 12.5 | 2.8 |
| Jul | 35° / 26° | 26 | 5.4 | 12.4 | 2.8 |
| Aug | 35° / 26° | 32 | 5.6 | 12.3 | 2.7 |
| Sep | 35° / 26° | 53 | 8.2 | 12 | 2.6 |
| Oct | 33° / 25° | 181 | 17.3 | 11.8 | 2.7 |
| Nov | 30° / 23° | 233 | 22.6 | 11.6 | 3.2 |
| Dec | 29° / 23° | 207 | 19.7 | 11.5 | 4.1 |
Chance of rain
How likely it is to rain on a typical day, and how that shifts across the wetter and drier seasons.
Polonnaruwa gets about 1142 mm of precipitation a year. On a typical day the chance of rain is often wet, but that rises and falls sharply with the seasons.
The wetter season lasts 4.5 months, from around Sep 29 to Feb 11, peaking in November at about 75% chance on a given day. The drier stretch runs the rest of the year, bottoming out around Jun 21.
November is the wettest month by volume, with 233 mm over about 23 wet days; June is the driest, with 18 mm.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain on a day (%) | 47 | 37 | 31 | 46 | 30 | 14 | 16 | 19 | 27 | 56 | 74 | 64 |
| Rain days | 14 | 11 | 9 | 14 | 9 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 17 | 23 | 20 |
| Rain on a day (%) | Rain days | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 47 | 14 |
| Feb | 37 | 11 |
| Mar | 31 | 9 |
| Apr | 46 | 14 |
| May | 30 | 9 |
| Jun | 14 | 4 |
| Jul | 16 | 5 |
| Aug | 19 | 6 |
| Sep | 27 | 8 |
| Oct | 56 | 17 |
| Nov | 74 | 23 |
| Dec | 64 | 20 |
Monthly rainfall
Over a full year, Polonnaruwa collects about 1142 mm of rain across 140 wet days — roughly 95 mm in an average month.
It doesn’t fall evenly. November is the wettest month with 233 mm, while June is the driest at just 18 mm. The three wettest months alone bring about 54% of the year’s total.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rainfall (mm) | 110 | 73 | 50 | 92 | 67 | 18 | 26 | 32 | 53 | 181 | 233 | 207 |
| Rain days | 14 | 11 | 9 | 14 | 9 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 17 | 23 | 20 |
| Rainfall (mm) | Rain days | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 110 | 14 |
| Feb | 73 | 11 |
| Mar | 50 | 9 |
| Apr | 92 | 14 |
| May | 67 | 9 |
| Jun | 18 | 4 |
| Jul | 26 | 5 |
| Aug | 32 | 6 |
| Sep | 53 | 8 |
| Oct | 181 | 17 |
| Nov | 233 | 23 |
| Dec | 207 | 20 |
Clouds and sunshine
How often the daytime sky is clear, partly cloudy or overcast.
In Polonnaruwa, the average share of the sky covered by clouds shows significant seasonal variation over the course of the year.
The clearer part of the year begins around January 4 and lasts for 4.5 months, ending around May 20. The clearest month is March, when the sky is clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 61% of the time on average.
The cloudier part of the year begins around May 21 and lasts for 7.5 months, ending around January 3. The cloudiest month is July, when it is overcast or mostly cloudy 81% of the time.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 36 | 47 | 61 | 50 | 34 | 23 | 19 | 21 | 29 | 25 | 20 | 26 |
| Cloudier (%) | 64 | 53 | 39 | 50 | 66 | 77 | 81 | 79 | 71 | 75 | 80 | 74 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 36 | 64 |
| Feb | 47 | 53 |
| Mar | 61 | 39 |
| Apr | 50 | 50 |
| May | 34 | 66 |
| Jun | 23 | 77 |
| Jul | 19 | 81 |
| Aug | 21 | 79 |
| Sep | 29 | 71 |
| Oct | 25 | 75 |
| Nov | 20 | 80 |
| Dec | 26 | 74 |
Daylight, sunrise and sunset
Hours of daylight through the year, with sunrise and sunset times.
The gold band is daylight — sunrise runs along its lower edge, sunset along the upper — so it widens toward summer and pinches toward winter, with night the dark area above and below. The longest day, around June 10, brings about 12 h 30 min of light; the shortest, around January 1, only 11 h 30 min — a swing of roughly 1 hour.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 11.6 | 11.7 | 11.9 | 12.2 | 12.4 | 12.5 | 12.4 | 12.3 | 12.0 | 11.8 | 11.6 | 11.5 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:28 | 6:28 | 6:17 | 6:01 | 5:51 | 5:52 | 5:59 | 6:02 | 5:59 | 5:56 | 6:02 | 6:16 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:03 | 6:13 | 6:14 | 6:11 | 6:13 | 6:20 | 6:24 | 6:18 | 6:02 | 5:46 | 5:40 | 5:48 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 11.6 | 6:28 | 6:03 |
| Feb | 11.7 | 6:28 | 6:13 |
| Mar | 11.9 | 6:17 | 6:14 |
| Apr | 12.2 | 6:01 | 6:11 |
| May | 12.4 | 5:51 | 6:13 |
| Jun | 12.5 | 5:52 | 6:20 |
| Jul | 12.4 | 5:59 | 6:24 |
| Aug | 12.3 | 6:02 | 6:18 |
| Sep | 12.0 | 5:59 | 6:02 |
| Oct | 11.8 | 5:56 | 5:46 |
| Nov | 11.6 | 6:02 | 5:40 |
| Dec | 11.5 | 6:16 | 5:48 |
Sunny days
How many genuinely sunny days each month brings — days the sky stays clear or mostly clear — banded into plain-language zones.
Polonnaruwa averages about 5 sunny days a month — counting the days the sky stays clear or mostly clear — with a clear seasonal swing between 2 and 13 days.
The sunnier stretch runs 4.2 months, from around Jan 21 to May 27. The sunniest month is March, with roughly 12 sunny days (mixed).
The greyest month is November, down near 2 sunny days — about 82% fewer than the March peak.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sunny days | 4 | 6 | 12 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 3 |
| Sky | Gloomy | Gloomy | Mixed | Mixed | Gloomy | Gloomy | Gloomy | Gloomy | Gloomy | Gloomy | Gloomy | Gloomy |
| Sunny days | Sky | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 4 | Gloomy |
| Feb | 6 | Gloomy |
| Mar | 12 | Mixed |
| Apr | 8 | Mixed |
| May | 5 | Gloomy |
| Jun | 3 | Gloomy |
| Jul | 2 | Gloomy |
| Aug | 3 | Gloomy |
| Sep | 4 | Gloomy |
| Oct | 3 | Gloomy |
| Nov | 2 | Gloomy |
| Dec | 3 | Gloomy |
Humidity comfort
Share of days at each humidity comfort level, based on the dew point — the measure that tracks how muggy it actually feels.
Humidity comfort is graded by the dew point — the temperature at which the air would be fully saturated — because it tracks how muggy it actually feels far better than relative humidity does. A low dew point feels dry and crisp; a high one feels sticky and oppressive no matter the reading on a humidity gauge.
Polonnaruwa is humid all year round — on a typical day the air feels at least humid, and there is no real dry season to wait for.
The stickiest month is January, when it feels muggy, oppressive or miserable about 99% of the time. Even in January, the mildest month, the air is dry or comfortable only 0% of the time.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Humid (%) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Muggy (%) | 29 | 23 | 15 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 14 | 25 | 27 | 13 | 5 | 14 |
| Oppressive (%) | 68 | 71 | 72 | 56 | 69 | 93 | 86 | 74 | 70 | 72 | 72 | 75 |
| Miserable (%) | 3 | 4 | 13 | 42 | 29 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 14 | 22 | 10 |
| Humid (%) | Muggy (%) | Oppressive (%) | Miserable (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 1 | 29 | 68 | 3 |
| Feb | 1 | 23 | 71 | 4 |
| Mar | 0 | 15 | 72 | 13 |
| Apr | 0 | 1 | 56 | 42 |
| May | 0 | 2 | 69 | 29 |
| Jun | 0 | 6 | 93 | 1 |
| Jul | 0 | 14 | 86 | 0 |
| Aug | 0 | 25 | 74 | 0 |
| Sep | 0 | 27 | 70 | 2 |
| Oct | 0 | 13 | 72 | 14 |
| Nov | 0 | 5 | 72 | 22 |
| Dec | 0 | 14 | 75 | 10 |
Wind
Average wind speed through the year, banded into plain-language speed zones so a number reads as 'breezy' or 'calm' without knowing the scale.
This is the average sustained wind speed at the standard 10 metres above open ground — the steady flow a weather station reports, not the sharper gusts that come and go, which can run half again as fast. It's the number that says whether a place is generally breezy or calm.
Across the year, average wind speed in Polonnaruwa is typically light breeze, near 12 km/h, and varies a lot with the seasons.
The windier part of the year lasts 5.1 months, from around May 9 to Oct 9. The windiest month is June, averaging about 20 km/h (breezy).
The calmer part of the year runs from around Oct 10 to May 8, with April the calmest month at about 7 km/h.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 8 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 15 | 20 | 20 | 19 | 16 | 11 | 7 | 8 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | light breeze | breezy | breezy | light breeze | light breeze | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 8 | calm |
| Feb | 7 | calm |
| Mar | 7 | calm |
| Apr | 7 | calm |
| May | 15 | light breeze |
| Jun | 20 | breezy |
| Jul | 20 | breezy |
| Aug | 19 | light breeze |
| Sep | 16 | light breeze |
| Oct | 11 | calm |
| Nov | 7 | calm |
| Dec | 8 | calm |
Hazard calendar for Polonnaruwa
When the seasonal hazards worth planning around — the rainy season, tropical-cyclone risk and dust haze — are active through the year.
Polonnaruwa sits in the North Indian Ocean cyclone zone; the season peaks May and October–November.
Polonnaruwa's monsoon runs October–January, when most of the year's rain falls.
Best time to visit Polonnaruwa
To characterize how pleasant the weather is in Polonnaruwa throughout the year, we compute two travel scores — one for general sightseeing, one for beach and pool weather.
Around early March, Polonnaruwa is still near the tail of its best-weather window — great conditions with the peak-season crowds already thinning.
Inferred from the travel-score curve; month-by-month visitor numbers are a planned addition.
The travel score favors clear, rainless days with daytime highs between 18°C and 28°C. Based on this score, the best time of year to visit Polonnaruwa for general outdoor tourist activities is from mid December to mid March, with a peak score in the last week of January.
The travel score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Travel score (0–10) | 4.8 | 4.7 | 3.8 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 3.2 | 4.1 |
| Rating | fair | fair | fair | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | fair |
| Travel score (0–10) | Rating | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 4.8 | fair |
| Feb | 4.7 | fair |
| Mar | 3.8 | fair |
| Apr | 2.6 | poor |
| May | 2.5 | poor |
| Jun | 2.8 | poor |
| Jul | 2.8 | poor |
| Aug | 2.7 | poor |
| Sep | 2.6 | poor |
| Oct | 2.7 | poor |
| Nov | 3.2 | poor |
| Dec | 4.1 | fair |
The beach/pool score favors clear, rainless days with daytime highs between 24°C and 34°C. Based on this score, the best times of year to visit Polonnaruwa for hot-weather activities run from mid May to late September and again from late December to early April, with a peak score in the last week of February.
The beach/pool score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).
What to pack for Polonnaruwa, by month
Month by month, what's worth putting in the bag — from the temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind. Tap a month for a quick packing note.
Polonnaruwa packs about the same all year — highs hold near 35°C. Across the year the things worth having are light clothes, rain gear and sun protection.
In May, Polonnaruwa sees daytime highs around 35°C and nights near 26°C. Pack light clothes and sun protection. Worth having: rain gear. About 9 days see rain.
Sea temperature near Polonnaruwa
Average ocean temperature at the nearest coast, month by month, banded into swim-comfort zones — the other half of the beach question.
The sea at the nearest coast (about 63 km away) is warmest in May at about 30°C and coldest in January near 27°C.
The water stays above 20°C all year — warm enough for a swim any month.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sea temperature (°C) | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 28 |
| Comfort | Warm | Warm | Tropical | Tropical | Tropical | Tropical | Tropical | Tropical | Tropical | Tropical | Tropical | Warm |
| Sea temperature (°C) | Comfort | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 27 | Warm |
| Feb | 28 | Warm |
| Mar | 29 | Tropical |
| Apr | 30 | Tropical |
| May | 30 | Tropical |
| Jun | 30 | Tropical |
| Jul | 29 | Tropical |
| Aug | 29 | Tropical |
| Sep | 29 | Tropical |
| Oct | 29 | Tropical |
| Nov | 29 | Tropical |
| Dec | 28 | Warm |
UV index (midday) in Polonnaruwa by month
Clear-sky midday UV index through the year, shaded by the WHO exposure levels — how much sun protection each month calls for.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Polonnaruwa peaks around April 20 at about 14 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 19 at about 10 (very high).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 10 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 10 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 10 | Extreme |
| Feb | 12 | Extreme |
| Mar | 13 | Extreme |
| Apr | 14 | Extreme |
| May | 14 | Extreme |
| Jun | 11 | Extreme |
| Jul | 11 | Extreme |
| Aug | 12 | Extreme |
| Sep | 13 | Extreme |
| Oct | 12 | Extreme |
| Nov | 11 | Extreme |
| Dec | 10 | Very high |
Average hourly UV index in Polonnaruwa
Modeled clear-sky UV for every hour of every day — when in the day sun protection actually matters.
The whole year hour by hour: each column is a day, each row an hour, and the color is the modeled clear-sky UV index — the midday peak scaled down as the sun sits lower in the sky. Darker overlays mark night, lighter ones the civil-twilight hours around sunrise and sunset.
UV falls off far faster than brightness as the sun drops, so even in April the burn window is concentrated in the middle of the day: about 8 hours a day reach index 3 (protection recommended), and 6.5 hours reach 6 or more. Mornings and late afternoons stay comparatively gentle year round.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV ≥ 3 (h/day) | 7.5 | 7.5 | 8 | 8 | 8.5 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 7 |
| UV ≥ 6 (h/day) | 5 | 6 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 5.5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5.5 | 5 |
| UV ≥ 3 (h/day) | UV ≥ 6 (h/day) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 7.5 | 5 |
| Feb | 7.5 | 6 |
| Mar | 8 | 6.5 |
| Apr | 8 | 6.5 |
| May | 8.5 | 6.5 |
| Jun | 8 | 5.5 |
| Jul | 8 | 6 |
| Aug | 8 | 6 |
| Sep | 8 | 6 |
| Oct | 7.5 | 6 |
| Nov | 7.5 | 5.5 |
| Dec | 7 | 5 |
Air quality in Polonnaruwa by month
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see which months the air is worst, not just the yearly average.
Air quality in Polonnaruwa is worst in May — around 28 µg/m³ PM2.5 (moderate), and holds fairly steady the rest of the year.
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 22 | 21 | 24 | 27 | 28 | 21 | 20 | 20 | 21 | 25 | 24 | 22 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 22 | Moderate |
| Feb | 21 | Moderate |
| Mar | 24 | Moderate |
| Apr | 27 | Moderate |
| May | 28 | Moderate |
| Jun | 21 | Moderate |
| Jul | 20 | Moderate |
| Aug | 20 | Moderate |
| Sep | 21 | Moderate |
| Oct | 25 | Moderate |
| Nov | 24 | Moderate |
| Dec | 22 | Moderate |
Growing season
Polonnaruwa is frost-free year round — even the coldest nights rarely reach freezing, so there is no start or end to the growing season.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frost-free chance (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Frost nights | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Frost-free chance (%) | Frost nights | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 100 | 0 |
| Feb | 100 | 0 |
| Mar | 100 | 0 |
| Apr | 100 | 0 |
| May | 100 | 0 |
| Jun | 100 | 0 |
| Jul | 100 | 0 |
| Aug | 100 | 0 |
| Sep | 100 | 0 |
| Oct | 100 | 0 |
| Nov | 100 | 0 |
| Dec | 100 | 0 |
Growing degree days
Growing degree days tally heat above 10°C: each day adds however many degrees its average temperature runs over that threshold, and cold days add nothing. Polonnaruwa banks about 6,759 degree days a year, and the running total — which growers use to time plantings and predict maturity — climbs fastest around June.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Growing degree days (°C·days) | 475 | 448 | 550 | 584 | 635 | 618 | 633 | 632 | 606 | 584 | 507 | 489 |
| Growing degree days (°C·days) | |
|---|---|
| Jan | 475 |
| Feb | 448 |
| Mar | 550 |
| Apr | 584 |
| May | 635 |
| Jun | 618 |
| Jul | 633 |
| Aug | 632 |
| Sep | 606 |
| Oct | 584 |
| Nov | 507 |
| Dec | 489 |
Solar energy
Average daily shortwave solar energy reaching the ground, banded into brightness zones so the number means something at a glance.
Solar energy is how much sunlight actually reaches the ground each day, measured in kilowatt-hours per square metre (kWh/m²) — the combined effect of how long the sun is up, how high it climbs, and how much cloud gets in the way. It's the raw fuel a solar panel has to work with: for scale, 1 kWh/m² a day is dim and wintry, while 7+ is desert-bright.
Polonnaruwa receives about 5.4 kWh/m² a day of solar energy on average — bright — with a clear seasonal swing between 3.8 and 6.4 kWh/m².
The brighter stretch of the year lasts 7.9 months, from around Feb 17 to Oct 13. The brightest month is March, averaging about 6.2 kWh/m² (intense).
The dimmest month is December, down near 3.8 kWh/m² — roughly 38% less than the March peak.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 4.3 | 5.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.1 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.3 | 4.2 | 3.8 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Intense | Intense | Intense | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Moderate |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 4.3 | Bright |
| Feb | 5.3 | Bright |
| Mar | 6.3 | Intense |
| Apr | 6.3 | Intense |
| May | 6.1 | Intense |
| Jun | 5.7 | Bright |
| Jul | 5.7 | Bright |
| Aug | 5.9 | Bright |
| Sep | 5.9 | Bright |
| Oct | 5.3 | Bright |
| Nov | 4.2 | Bright |
| Dec | 3.8 | Moderate |
Where is Polonnaruwa?
Polonnaruwa sits at 7.9°N, 81.0°E, 0 m above sea level, in Sri Lanka. The nearest listed city is Sigiriya, 28 km away.
Topography around Polonnaruwa
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Polonnaruwa.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Polonnaruwa has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 38 m around an average of 57 m above sea level; within 16 km, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 297 m; within 80 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,871 m.
The land around Polonnaruwa is covered by trees (48%) and cropland (20%) within 3 km, trees (58%) and cropland (29%) within 16 km, and trees (60%) within 80 km.
Sri Lanka travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type D / G / M
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 27% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $5,002
- 2025
- Happiness
- 4.0 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 47%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 3.3
- per 100k, 2019
- Road deaths
- 19.7
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- Low
- EF EPI 486
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Polonnaruwa (7.9397°, 81.0027°, elevation 0 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. Tropical-cyclone seasons are the published climatological basin seasons (NOAA National Hurricane Center / regional warning centres). Sea temperatures are the NOAA OISST v2.1 1991–2020 monthly climatology (public domain), sampled at the nearest ocean point. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).