Climate and average weather in Makumbako
In Makumbako, the weather is hot, wet, and partly cloudy and remarkably steady, with daytime highs holding near hot levels all year. The wettest stretch peaks around January.
Over the course of the year, the temperature in Makumbako typically varies from 13°C to 29°C, and is rarely below 11°C or above 31°C. November is the hottest month of the year, while July is the coldest.
Based on the travel score, the best time of year to visit Makumbako for warm-weather activities is from late April to late October.
- Hottest
- Nov
- 29°
- Coldest
- Jul
- 13°
- Wettest
- Jan
- 189 mm
- Driest
- Jun
- 0 mm
- Rain / yr
- 783 mm
- 115 wet days
- Daylight
- 11.5–12.5 h
- shortest–longest
- Elevation
- 1,651 m
- 8.8°S
- Clearest
- Sep
- 30% cloud
Makumbako is town in Njombe Region, Tanzania.
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Makumbako weather by month, at a glance
The whole year in one picture — sky, rain, humidity, temperature and travel score. Click any band to jump to its full chart.
Each stripe is one measure across the whole year, stacked so a single day reads top to bottom. The sky band runs overcast grey on top down to clear blue at the base — more blue means sunnier — followed by the rainfall curve, the humidity band, a temperature strip that tints each stretch of the year by how warm its average high is, and the travel-score line at the foot. Scan straight down any date to read that day across every measure at once; the score climbs highest around late April to late October.
Temperature through the year
Daily average highs and lows in Makumbako, from 1991–2020 of climate data. The shaded bands show the range most days fall in — 10th to 90th percentile.
Temperatures in Makumbako stay fairly even through the year, without a distinct hot or cool season. The warmest month is November, with an average high of 29°C and low of 17°C; the coolest is July, with an average low of 13°C and high of 23°C.
Days typically run about 10°C warmer than nights, with the widest day–night swing (around 12°C) in October.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 26 | 26 | 26 | 25 | 25 | 24 | 23 | 24 | 26 | 28 | 29 | 27 |
| Avg low (°C) | 17 | 17 | 18 | 17 | 16 | 14 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 26 | 17 |
| Feb | 26 | 17 |
| Mar | 26 | 18 |
| Apr | 25 | 17 |
| May | 25 | 16 |
| Jun | 24 | 14 |
| Jul | 23 | 13 |
| Aug | 24 | 14 |
| Sep | 26 | 15 |
| Oct | 28 | 16 |
| Nov | 29 | 17 |
| Dec | 27 | 18 |
Average hourly temperature in Makumbako
A compact picture of the whole year, hour by hour: each column is a day, each row an hour, and the color is the modeled average temperature. Darker overlays mark night, lighter ones the civil-twilight hours around sunrise and sunset.
Read left to right for the day of the year and top to bottom for the hour of the day; the color is the modeled temperature, cool blues through to hot reds on the same scale as the other charts. A vertical slice is a single day's swing — coolest just before dawn, warmest in the mid-afternoon — while a horizontal slice follows one hour across the seasons. The darker overlay marks night and the lighter one the twilight around sunrise and sunset. Colors run warmest on November afternoons, near 29°C, and coldest before dawn in July, near 13°C.
Makumbako weather by month
Every month at a glance. Click a month for its detailed page.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 26° / 17° | 189 | 25.9 | 12.5 | 4.1 |
| Feb | 26° / 17° | 148 | 22.4 | 12.3 | 4.2 |
| Mar | 26° / 18° | 160 | 23.1 | 12.1 | 4.6 |
| Apr | 25° / 17° | 49 | 9.7 | 11.8 | 6.7 |
| May | 25° / 16° | 5 | 1.2 | 11.6 | 8.6 |
| Jun | 24° / 14° | 0 | 0 | 11.5 | 9.0 |
| Jul | 23° / 13° | 0 | 0 | 11.5 | 9.0 |
| Aug | 24° / 14° | 0 | 0 | 11.7 | 9.1 |
| Sep | 26° / 15° | 1 | 0.1 | 11.9 | 8.8 |
| Oct | 28° / 16° | 11 | 2.6 | 12.2 | 7.6 |
| Nov | 29° / 17° | 57 | 9.1 | 12.4 | 5.9 |
| Dec | 27° / 18° | 163 | 20.5 | 12.5 | 4.9 |
Chance of rain
How likely it is to rain on a typical day, and how that shifts across the wetter and drier seasons.
Makumbako gets about 783 mm of precipitation a year. On a typical day the chance of rain is often wet, but that rises and falls sharply with the seasons.
The wetter season lasts 4.9 months, from around Nov 18 to Apr 15, peaking in January at about 84% chance on a given day. The drier stretch runs the rest of the year, bottoming out around Jun 9.
January is the wettest month by volume, with 189 mm over about 26 wet days; June is the driest, with 0 mm.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain on a day (%) | 83 | 80 | 74 | 33 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 30 | 66 |
| Rain days | 26 | 22 | 23 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 9 | 21 |
| Rain on a day (%) | Rain days | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 83 | 26 |
| Feb | 80 | 22 |
| Mar | 74 | 23 |
| Apr | 33 | 10 |
| May | 4 | 1 |
| Jun | 0 | 0 |
| Jul | 0 | 0 |
| Aug | 0 | 0 |
| Sep | 0 | 0 |
| Oct | 8 | 3 |
| Nov | 30 | 9 |
| Dec | 66 | 21 |
Monthly rainfall
Over a full year, Makumbako collects about 783 mm of rain across 115 wet days — roughly 65 mm in an average month.
It doesn’t fall evenly. January is the wettest month with 189 mm, while June is the driest at just 0 mm. The three wettest months alone bring about 65% of the year’s total.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rainfall (mm) | 189 | 148 | 160 | 49 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 11 | 57 | 163 |
| Rain days | 26 | 22 | 23 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 9 | 21 |
| Rainfall (mm) | Rain days | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 189 | 26 |
| Feb | 148 | 22 |
| Mar | 160 | 23 |
| Apr | 49 | 10 |
| May | 5 | 1 |
| Jun | 0 | 0 |
| Jul | 0 | 0 |
| Aug | 0 | 0 |
| Sep | 1 | 0 |
| Oct | 11 | 3 |
| Nov | 57 | 9 |
| Dec | 163 | 21 |
Clouds and sunshine
How often the daytime sky is clear, partly cloudy or overcast.
In Makumbako, the average share of the sky covered by clouds shows significant seasonal variation over the course of the year.
The clearer part of the year begins around April 20 and lasts for 6.9 months, ending around November 14. The clearest month is September, when the sky is clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 87% of the time on average.
The cloudier part of the year begins around November 15 and lasts for 5.1 months, ending around April 19. The cloudiest month is January, when it is overcast or mostly cloudy 86% of the time.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 14 | 15 | 24 | 52 | 78 | 83 | 85 | 87 | 87 | 78 | 56 | 31 |
| Cloudier (%) | 86 | 85 | 76 | 48 | 22 | 17 | 15 | 13 | 13 | 22 | 44 | 69 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 14 | 86 |
| Feb | 15 | 85 |
| Mar | 24 | 76 |
| Apr | 52 | 48 |
| May | 78 | 22 |
| Jun | 83 | 17 |
| Jul | 85 | 15 |
| Aug | 87 | 13 |
| Sep | 87 | 13 |
| Oct | 78 | 22 |
| Nov | 56 | 44 |
| Dec | 31 | 69 |
Daylight, sunrise and sunset
Hours of daylight through the year, with sunrise and sunset times.
The gold band is daylight — sunrise runs along its lower edge, sunset along the upper — so it widens toward summer and pinches toward winter, with night the dark area above and below. The longest day, around January 1, brings about 12 h 30 min of light; the shortest, around May 26, only 11 h 30 min — a swing of roughly 1 hour.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 12.5 | 12.3 | 12.1 | 11.8 | 11.6 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 11.7 | 11.9 | 12.2 | 12.4 | 12.5 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:36 | 6:47 | 6:49 | 6:47 | 6:49 | 6:56 | 7:00 | 6:54 | 6:36 | 6:20 | 6:14 | 6:21 |
| Sunset (PM) | 7:04 | 7:04 | 6:52 | 6:35 | 6:25 | 6:26 | 6:32 | 6:36 | 6:34 | 6:32 | 6:38 | 6:52 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 12.5 | 6:36 | 7:04 |
| Feb | 12.3 | 6:47 | 7:04 |
| Mar | 12.1 | 6:49 | 6:52 |
| Apr | 11.8 | 6:47 | 6:35 |
| May | 11.6 | 6:49 | 6:25 |
| Jun | 11.5 | 6:56 | 6:26 |
| Jul | 11.5 | 7:00 | 6:32 |
| Aug | 11.7 | 6:54 | 6:36 |
| Sep | 11.9 | 6:36 | 6:34 |
| Oct | 12.2 | 6:20 | 6:32 |
| Nov | 12.4 | 6:14 | 6:38 |
| Dec | 12.5 | 6:21 | 6:52 |
Sunny days
How many genuinely sunny days each month brings — days the sky stays clear or mostly clear — banded into plain-language zones.
Makumbako averages about 12 sunny days a month — counting the days the sky stays clear or mostly clear — with a clear seasonal swing between 1 and 22 days.
The sunnier stretch runs 6.1 months, from around May 6 to Nov 7. The sunniest month is September, with roughly 21 sunny days (bright).
The greyest month is January, down near 1 sunny days — about 93% fewer than the September peak.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sunny days | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 15 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 21 | 17 | 10 | 5 |
| Sky | Gloomy | Gloomy | Gloomy | Gloomy | Mixed | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Mixed | Gloomy |
| Sunny days | Sky | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 2 | Gloomy |
| Feb | 2 | Gloomy |
| Mar | 2 | Gloomy |
| Apr | 6 | Gloomy |
| May | 15 | Mixed |
| Jun | 19 | Bright |
| Jul | 20 | Bright |
| Aug | 21 | Bright |
| Sep | 21 | Bright |
| Oct | 17 | Bright |
| Nov | 10 | Mixed |
| Dec | 5 | Gloomy |
Humidity comfort
Share of days at each humidity comfort level, based on the dew point — the measure that tracks how muggy it actually feels.
Humidity comfort is graded by the dew point — the temperature at which the air would be fully saturated — because it tracks how muggy it actually feels far better than relative humidity does. A low dew point feels dry and crisp; a high one feels sticky and oppressive no matter the reading on a humidity gauge.
In Makumbako, how humid it feels changes dramatically over the year.
The more humid part of the year lasts 4.8 months, from around December 1 to April 25. The muggiest month is March, when the air feels humid, muggy or worse about 93% of the time.
The most comfortable stretch runs from around April 26 to November 30, and June is the most comfortable month — the air is dry or comfortable 100% of the time.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 43 | 91 | 99 | 99 | 96 | 76 | 41 | 11 |
| Comfortable (%) | 11 | 9 | 7 | 40 | 50 | 9 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 23 | 44 | 29 |
| Humid (%) | 85 | 86 | 89 | 56 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 15 | 60 |
| Muggy (%) | 3 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | Humid (%) | Muggy (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 1 | 11 | 85 | 3 |
| Feb | 0 | 9 | 86 | 5 |
| Mar | 0 | 7 | 89 | 3 |
| Apr | 4 | 40 | 56 | 0 |
| May | 43 | 50 | 7 | 0 |
| Jun | 91 | 9 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul | 99 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug | 99 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Sep | 96 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| Oct | 76 | 23 | 1 | 0 |
| Nov | 41 | 44 | 15 | 0 |
| Dec | 11 | 29 | 60 | 0 |
Wind
Average wind speed through the year, banded into plain-language speed zones so a number reads as 'breezy' or 'calm' without knowing the scale.
This is the average sustained wind speed at the standard 10 metres above open ground — the steady flow a weather station reports, not the sharper gusts that come and go, which can run half again as fast. It's the number that says whether a place is generally breezy or calm.
Across the year, average wind speed in Makumbako is typically light breeze, near 14 km/h, and varies a lot with the seasons.
The windier part of the year lasts 7.4 months, from around Apr 8 to Nov 17. The windiest month is July, averaging about 18 km/h (light breeze).
The calmer part of the year runs from around Nov 18 to Apr 7, with January the calmest month at about 7 km/h.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 7 | 8 | 10 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 17 | 15 | 10 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 7 | calm |
| Feb | 8 | calm |
| Mar | 10 | calm |
| Apr | 16 | light breeze |
| May | 17 | light breeze |
| Jun | 18 | light breeze |
| Jul | 18 | light breeze |
| Aug | 18 | light breeze |
| Sep | 18 | light breeze |
| Oct | 17 | light breeze |
| Nov | 15 | light breeze |
| Dec | 10 | calm |
Hazard calendar for Makumbako
When the seasonal hazards worth planning around — the rainy season, tropical-cyclone risk and dust haze — are active through the year.
Makumbako's monsoon runs December–March, when most of the year's rain falls.
Best time to visit Makumbako
To characterize how pleasant the weather is in Makumbako throughout the year, we compute two travel scores — one for general sightseeing, one for beach and pool weather.
Around late April, Makumbako is still near the start of its best-weather window — great conditions with the peak-season crowds not yet at full swing.
Inferred from the travel-score curve; month-by-month visitor numbers are a planned addition.
The travel score favors clear, rainless days with daytime highs between 18°C and 28°C. Based on this score, the best time of year to visit Makumbako for general outdoor tourist activities is from late April to late October, with a peak score in the third week of August.
The travel score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Travel score (0–10) | 4.1 | 4.2 | 4.6 | 6.7 | 8.6 | 9.0 | 8.9 | 9.1 | 8.8 | 7.6 | 5.9 | 4.8 |
| Rating | fair | fair | fair | good | ideal | ideal | ideal | ideal | ideal | ideal | good | fair |
| Travel score (0–10) | Rating | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 4.1 | fair |
| Feb | 4.2 | fair |
| Mar | 4.6 | fair |
| Apr | 6.7 | good |
| May | 8.6 | ideal |
| Jun | 9.0 | ideal |
| Jul | 8.9 | ideal |
| Aug | 9.1 | ideal |
| Sep | 8.8 | ideal |
| Oct | 7.6 | ideal |
| Nov | 5.9 | good |
| Dec | 4.8 | fair |
The beach/pool score favors clear, rainless days with daytime highs between 24°C and 34°C. Based on this score, the best times of year to visit Makumbako for hot-weather activities run from late April to late June and again from late July to late November, with a peak score in the last week of September.
The beach/pool score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).
What to pack for Makumbako, by month
Month by month, what's worth putting in the bag — from the temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind. Tap a month for a quick packing note.
Makumbako packs about the same all year — highs hold near 29°C. Across the year the things worth having are light clothes, rain gear and sun protection.
In November, Makumbako sees daytime highs around 29°C and nights near 17°C. Pack light clothes and sun protection. Worth having: rain gear. About 9 days see rain.
UV index (midday) in Makumbako by month
Clear-sky midday UV index through the year, shaded by the WHO exposure levels — how much sun protection each month calls for.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Makumbako peaks around March 10 at about 16 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near June 17 at about 10 (extreme).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 15 | 16 | 16 | 14 | 11 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 15 | 14 | 13 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 15 | Extreme |
| Feb | 16 | Extreme |
| Mar | 16 | Extreme |
| Apr | 14 | Extreme |
| May | 11 | Extreme |
| Jun | 10 | Extreme |
| Jul | 11 | Extreme |
| Aug | 12 | Extreme |
| Sep | 13 | Extreme |
| Oct | 15 | Extreme |
| Nov | 14 | Extreme |
| Dec | 13 | Extreme |
Average hourly UV index in Makumbako
Modeled clear-sky UV for every hour of every day — when in the day sun protection actually matters.
The whole year hour by hour: each column is a day, each row an hour, and the color is the modeled clear-sky UV index — the midday peak scaled down as the sun sits lower in the sky. Darker overlays mark night, lighter ones the civil-twilight hours around sunrise and sunset.
UV falls off far faster than brightness as the sun drops, so even in March the burn window is concentrated in the middle of the day: about 8.5 hours a day reach index 3 (protection recommended), and 7 hours reach 6 or more. Mornings and late afternoons stay comparatively gentle year round.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV ≥ 3 (h/day) | 8.5 | 8.5 | 8.5 | 8 | 7.5 | 7 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 8 | 8.5 | 8.5 | 8.5 |
| UV ≥ 6 (h/day) | 7 | 7 | 7 | 6.5 | 5.5 | 5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 6 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 |
| UV ≥ 3 (h/day) | UV ≥ 6 (h/day) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 8.5 | 7 |
| Feb | 8.5 | 7 |
| Mar | 8.5 | 7 |
| Apr | 8 | 6.5 |
| May | 7.5 | 5.5 |
| Jun | 7 | 5 |
| Jul | 7.5 | 5.5 |
| Aug | 7.5 | 5.5 |
| Sep | 8 | 6 |
| Oct | 8.5 | 6.5 |
| Nov | 8.5 | 6.5 |
| Dec | 8.5 | 6.5 |
Air quality in Makumbako by month
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see which months the air is worst, not just the yearly average.
Air quality in Makumbako is worst in October — around 21 µg/m³ PM2.5 (moderate), about 3.0× the cleanest month (May, 7 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 11 | 11 | 10 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 11 | 14 | 17 | 21 | 17 | 10 |
| Level | Good | Good | Good | Good | Good | Good | Good | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Good |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 11 | Good |
| Feb | 11 | Good |
| Mar | 10 | Good |
| Apr | 8 | Good |
| May | 7 | Good |
| Jun | 8 | Good |
| Jul | 11 | Good |
| Aug | 14 | Moderate |
| Sep | 17 | Moderate |
| Oct | 21 | Moderate |
| Nov | 17 | Moderate |
| Dec | 10 | Good |
Growing season
Makumbako is frost-free year round — even the coldest nights rarely reach freezing, so there is no start or end to the growing season.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frost-free chance (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Frost nights | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Frost-free chance (%) | Frost nights | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 100 | 0 |
| Feb | 100 | 0 |
| Mar | 100 | 0 |
| Apr | 100 | 0 |
| May | 100 | 0 |
| Jun | 100 | 0 |
| Jul | 100 | 0 |
| Aug | 100 | 0 |
| Sep | 100 | 0 |
| Oct | 100 | 0 |
| Nov | 100 | 0 |
| Dec | 100 | 0 |
Growing degree days
Growing degree days tally heat above 10°C: each day adds however many degrees its average temperature runs over that threshold, and cold days add nothing. Makumbako banks about 3,910 degree days a year, and the running total — which growers use to time plantings and predict maturity — climbs fastest around November.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Growing degree days (°C·days) | 358 | 327 | 360 | 333 | 314 | 256 | 244 | 275 | 310 | 371 | 386 | 378 |
| Growing degree days (°C·days) | |
|---|---|
| Jan | 358 |
| Feb | 327 |
| Mar | 360 |
| Apr | 333 |
| May | 314 |
| Jun | 256 |
| Jul | 244 |
| Aug | 275 |
| Sep | 310 |
| Oct | 371 |
| Nov | 386 |
| Dec | 378 |
Solar energy
Average daily shortwave solar energy reaching the ground, banded into brightness zones so the number means something at a glance.
Solar energy is how much sunlight actually reaches the ground each day, measured in kilowatt-hours per square metre (kWh/m²) — the combined effect of how long the sun is up, how high it climbs, and how much cloud gets in the way. It's the raw fuel a solar panel has to work with: for scale, 1 kWh/m² a day is dim and wintry, while 7+ is desert-bright.
Makumbako receives about 5.9 kWh/m² a day of solar energy on average — bright — with a clear seasonal swing between 5.3 and 7.1 kWh/m².
The brighter stretch of the year lasts 3.9 months, from around Aug 15 to Dec 11. The brightest month is October, averaging about 7.0 kWh/m² (intense).
The dimmest month is April, down near 5.3 kWh/m² — roughly 25% less than the October peak.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 5.6 | 5.7 | 5.5 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.5 | 5.9 | 6.8 | 7.0 | 6.7 | 5.8 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Intense | Intense | Intense | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 5.6 | Bright |
| Feb | 5.7 | Bright |
| Mar | 5.5 | Bright |
| Apr | 5.3 | Bright |
| May | 5.3 | Bright |
| Jun | 5.3 | Bright |
| Jul | 5.5 | Bright |
| Aug | 5.9 | Bright |
| Sep | 6.8 | Intense |
| Oct | 7.0 | Intense |
| Nov | 6.7 | Intense |
| Dec | 5.8 | Bright |
Where is Makumbako?
Makumbako sits at 8.8°S, 34.8°E, 1,651 m above sea level, in Tanzania. The nearest listed city is Mtwango, 19 km away.
Topography around Makumbako
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Makumbako.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Makumbako has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 155 m around an average of 1,653 m above sea level; within 16 km, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 534 m; within 80 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 2,220 m.
The land around Makumbako is covered by cropland (43%) and artificial surfaces (37%) within 3 km, cropland (51%) and shrubs (30%) within 16 km, and shrubs (30%), trees (26%) and grassland (22%) within 80 km.
Tanzania travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 3
- Reconsider Travel
- Power plugs
- Type D / G
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 29% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $1,319
- 2025
- Happiness
- 3.9 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 31%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 3.7
- per 100k, 2020
- Road deaths
- 31.1
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Lower middle
- World Bank
- English
- Low
- EF EPI 479
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Makumbako (-8.85°, 34.8333°, elevation 1,651 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).