Climate and average weather in Gölcük
In Gölcük, the summers are humid, hot, fairly dry, and clear and the winters are cold, snowy, and partly cloudy.
Over the course of the year, the temperature in Gölcük typically varies from 2°C to 28°C, and is rarely below -4°C or above 32°C. August is the hottest month of the year, while January is the coldest.
Based on the travel score, the best time of year to visit Gölcük for warm-weather activities is from late April to mid October.
- Hottest
- Aug
- 28°
- Coldest
- Jan
- 2°
- Wettest
- Dec
- 103 mm
- Driest
- Aug
- 36 mm
- Rain / yr
- 842 mm
- 122 wet days
- Daylight
- 9.1–14.9 h
- shortest–longest
- Elevation
- 56 m
- 40.7°N
- Clearest
- Jul
- 25% cloud
Gölcük is town of Kocaeli Province in Turkey.
- Density
- 271/km²
- people per km²
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Gölcük weather by month, at a glance
The whole year in one picture — sky, rain, humidity, temperature and travel score. Click any band to jump to its full chart.
Each stripe is one measure across the whole year, stacked so a single day reads top to bottom. The sky band runs overcast grey on top down to clear blue at the base — more blue means sunnier — followed by the rainfall curve, the humidity band, a temperature strip that tints each stretch of the year by how warm its average high is, and the travel-score line at the foot. Scan straight down any date to read that day across every measure at once; the score climbs highest around late April to mid October.
Temperature through the year
Daily average highs and lows in Gölcük, from 1991–2020 of climate data. The shaded bands show the range most days fall in — 10th to 90th percentile.
The hot season lasts 3.8 months, from June 2 to September 25, with daily high temperatures above 24°C. The hottest month of the year in Gölcük is August, with an average high of 28°C and low of 19°C.
The cool season lasts 3.6 months, from November 30 to March 17, with daily high temperatures below 12°C. The coldest month of the year in Gölcük is January, with an average low of 2°C and high of 8°C.
Days typically run about 8°C warmer than nights, with the widest day–night swing (around 10°C) in June.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 8 | 9 | 12 | 17 | 21 | 26 | 28 | 28 | 25 | 20 | 14 | 9 |
| Avg low (°C) | 2 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 12 | 16 | 18 | 19 | 15 | 12 | 7 | 3 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 8 | 2 |
| Feb | 9 | 2 |
| Mar | 12 | 4 |
| Apr | 17 | 7 |
| May | 21 | 12 |
| Jun | 26 | 16 |
| Jul | 28 | 18 |
| Aug | 28 | 19 |
| Sep | 25 | 15 |
| Oct | 20 | 12 |
| Nov | 14 | 7 |
| Dec | 9 | 3 |
How hot and cold Gölcük really feels
The felt-temperature range through the year — heat index on the day's high (summer humidity), wind chill on the night's low (winter wind). The dashed lines are the plain thermometer; the gap is how much hotter or colder it really feels.
On the coldest nights, wind chill pulls the feels-like down to about -2°C (around January 27), with roughly 52 freezing days a year (feels-like at or below 0°C), worst in January.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feels-like high (°C) | 8 | 9 | 12 | 17 | 21 | 26 | 29 | 29 | 25 | 20 | 14 | 9 |
| Air high (°C) | 8 | 9 | 12 | 17 | 21 | 26 | 28 | 28 | 25 | 20 | 14 | 9 |
| Feels-like low (°C) | -1 | -1 | 2 | 6 | 11 | 16 | 18 | 19 | 15 | 11 | 6 | 1 |
| Air low (°C) | 2 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 12 | 16 | 18 | 19 | 15 | 12 | 7 | 3 |
| Feels-like high (°C) | Air high (°C) | Feels-like low (°C) | Air low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 8 | 8 | -1 | 2 |
| Feb | 9 | 9 | -1 | 2 |
| Mar | 12 | 12 | 2 | 4 |
| Apr | 17 | 17 | 6 | 7 |
| May | 21 | 21 | 11 | 12 |
| Jun | 26 | 26 | 16 | 16 |
| Jul | 29 | 28 | 18 | 18 |
| Aug | 29 | 28 | 19 | 19 |
| Sep | 25 | 25 | 15 | 15 |
| Oct | 20 | 20 | 11 | 12 |
| Nov | 14 | 14 | 6 | 7 |
| Dec | 9 | 9 | 1 | 3 |
Average hourly temperature in Gölcük
A compact picture of the whole year, hour by hour: each column is a day, each row an hour, and the color is the modeled average temperature. Darker overlays mark night, lighter ones the civil-twilight hours around sunrise and sunset.
Read left to right for the day of the year and top to bottom for the hour of the day; the color is the modeled temperature, cool blues through to hot reds on the same scale as the other charts. A vertical slice is a single day's swing — coolest just before dawn, warmest in the mid-afternoon — while a horizontal slice follows one hour across the seasons. The darker overlay marks night and the lighter one the twilight around sunrise and sunset. Colors run warmest on August afternoons, near 28°C, and coldest before dawn in January, near 2°C.
Gölcük weather by month
Every month at a glance. Click a month for its detailed page.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 8° / 2° | 95 | 13.6 | 6.2 | 9.4 | 1.1 |
| Feb | 9° / 2° | 81 | 12.6 | 5.3 | 10.4 | 1.7 |
| Mar | 12° / 4° | 88 | 12.9 | 2.7 | 11.7 | 3.0 |
| Apr | 17° / 7° | 66 | 10.8 | 0.5 | 13.1 | 5.2 |
| May | 21° / 12° | 59 | 9.3 | 0 | 14.2 | 6.9 |
| Jun | 26° / 16° | 63 | 9.7 | 0 | 14.9 | 7.2 |
| Jul | 28° / 18° | 38 | 5.8 | 0 | 14.6 | 7.3 |
| Aug | 28° / 19° | 36 | 5.5 | 0 | 13.6 | 7.1 |
| Sep | 25° / 15° | 57 | 7.9 | 0 | 12.3 | 7.6 |
| Oct | 20° / 12° | 81 | 10.4 | 0 | 10.9 | 6.3 |
| Nov | 14° / 7° | 75 | 10.2 | 1 | 9.7 | 4.3 |
| Dec | 9° / 3° | 103 | 13 | 3.8 | 9.1 | 1.8 |
Chance of rain
How likely it is to rain on a typical day, and how that shifts across the wetter and drier seasons.
Gölcük gets about 842 mm of precipitation a year. On a typical day the chance of rain is often wet, but that rises and falls sharply with the seasons.
The wetter season lasts 5.2 months, from around Nov 15 to Apr 21, peaking in February at about 45% chance on a given day. The drier stretch runs the rest of the year, bottoming out around Aug 6.
December is the wettest month by volume, with 103 mm over about 13 wet days; August is the driest, with 36 mm. Some of the cold-season precipitation falls as snow.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain on a day (%) | 43 | 45 | 43 | 36 | 30 | 31 | 20 | 18 | 25 | 33 | 35 | 43 |
| Rain days | 14 | 13 | 13 | 11 | 9 | 10 | 6 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 10 | 13 |
| Rain on a day (%) | Rain days | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 43 | 14 |
| Feb | 45 | 13 |
| Mar | 43 | 13 |
| Apr | 36 | 11 |
| May | 30 | 9 |
| Jun | 31 | 10 |
| Jul | 20 | 6 |
| Aug | 18 | 6 |
| Sep | 25 | 8 |
| Oct | 33 | 10 |
| Nov | 35 | 10 |
| Dec | 43 | 13 |
Monthly rainfall
Over a full year, Gölcük collects about 842 mm of rain across 122 wet days — roughly 70 mm in an average month.
It doesn’t fall evenly. December is the wettest month with 103 mm, while August is the driest at just 36 mm. The three wettest months alone bring about 34% of the year’s total, and some of the cold-season precipitation falls as snow.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rainfall (mm) | 95 | 81 | 88 | 66 | 59 | 63 | 38 | 36 | 57 | 81 | 75 | 103 |
| Rain days | 14 | 13 | 13 | 11 | 9 | 10 | 6 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 10 | 13 |
| Snow days | 6 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 |
| Rainfall (mm) | Rain days | Snow days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 95 | 14 | 6 |
| Feb | 81 | 13 | 5 |
| Mar | 88 | 13 | 3 |
| Apr | 66 | 11 | 1 |
| May | 59 | 9 | 0 |
| Jun | 63 | 10 | 0 |
| Jul | 38 | 6 | 0 |
| Aug | 36 | 6 | 0 |
| Sep | 57 | 8 | 0 |
| Oct | 81 | 10 | 0 |
| Nov | 75 | 10 | 1 |
| Dec | 103 | 13 | 4 |
Snow in Gölcük
Average snowy days through the year, the snow-season span, and estimated snowfall — for ski trips and the perennial 'will there be snow at Christmas?' question.
Gölcük averages about 20 snowy days a year. Snow season runs roughly Nov 6 to Apr 15 — about 5.3 months.
January is snowiest, with roughly 6 days of snow and an estimated 29 cm of snowfall. Over the year that adds up to an estimated 120 cm of snow.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Snow days | 6 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 |
| Snowfall (cm) | 29 | 34 | 22 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 30 |
| Snow days | Snowfall (cm) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 6 | 29 |
| Feb | 5 | 34 |
| Mar | 3 | 22 |
| Apr | 1 | 2 |
| May | 0 | 0 |
| Jun | 0 | 0 |
| Jul | 0 | 0 |
| Aug | 0 | 0 |
| Sep | 0 | 0 |
| Oct | 0 | 0 |
| Nov | 1 | 3 |
| Dec | 4 | 30 |
Clouds and sunshine
How often the daytime sky is clear, partly cloudy or overcast.
In Gölcük, the average share of the sky covered by clouds shows significant seasonal variation over the course of the year.
The clearer part of the year begins around May 4 and lasts for 5.2 months, ending around October 9. The clearest month is July, when the sky is clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 88% of the time on average.
The cloudier part of the year begins around October 10 and lasts for 6.8 months, ending around May 3. The cloudiest month is February, when it is overcast or mostly cloudy 67% of the time.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 34 | 33 | 40 | 48 | 62 | 77 | 88 | 88 | 75 | 53 | 44 | 34 |
| Cloudier (%) | 66 | 67 | 60 | 52 | 38 | 23 | 12 | 12 | 25 | 47 | 56 | 66 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 34 | 66 |
| Feb | 33 | 67 |
| Mar | 40 | 60 |
| Apr | 48 | 52 |
| May | 62 | 38 |
| Jun | 77 | 23 |
| Jul | 88 | 12 |
| Aug | 88 | 12 |
| Sep | 75 | 25 |
| Oct | 53 | 47 |
| Nov | 44 | 56 |
| Dec | 34 | 66 |
Daylight, sunrise and sunset
Hours of daylight through the year, with sunrise and sunset times.
The gold band is daylight — sunrise runs along its lower edge, sunset along the upper — so it widens toward summer and pinches toward winter, with night the dark area above and below. The longest day, around June 11, brings about 14 h 54 min of light; the shortest, around January 1, only 9 h 06 min — a swing of roughly 5 h 48 min.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 9.4 | 10.4 | 11.7 | 13.1 | 14.2 | 14.9 | 14.6 | 13.6 | 12.3 | 10.9 | 9.7 | 9.1 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 7:28 | 7:04 | 6:20 | 5:28 | 4:49 | 4:34 | 4:47 | 5:16 | 5:47 | 6:19 | 6:55 | 7:24 |
| Sunset (PM) | 4:52 | 5:27 | 6:00 | 6:33 | 7:05 | 7:28 | 7:26 | 6:54 | 6:03 | 5:13 | 4:37 | 4:30 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 9.4 | 7:28 | 4:52 |
| Feb | 10.4 | 7:04 | 5:27 |
| Mar | 11.7 | 6:20 | 6:00 |
| Apr | 13.1 | 5:28 | 6:33 |
| May | 14.2 | 4:49 | 7:05 |
| Jun | 14.9 | 4:34 | 7:28 |
| Jul | 14.6 | 4:47 | 7:26 |
| Aug | 13.6 | 5:16 | 6:54 |
| Sep | 12.3 | 5:47 | 6:03 |
| Oct | 10.9 | 6:19 | 5:13 |
| Nov | 9.7 | 6:55 | 4:37 |
| Dec | 9.1 | 7:24 | 4:30 |
Sunny days
How many genuinely sunny days each month brings — days the sky stays clear or mostly clear — banded into plain-language zones.
Gölcük averages about 13 sunny days a month — counting the days the sky stays clear or mostly clear — with a clear seasonal swing between 6 and 24 days.
The sunnier stretch runs 5.1 months, from around May 4 to Oct 4. The sunniest month is July, with roughly 23 sunny days (bright).
The greyest month is December, down near 7 sunny days — about 70% fewer than the July peak.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sunny days | 7 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 14 | 18 | 23 | 23 | 17 | 11 | 9 | 7 |
| Sky | Gloomy | Gloomy | Gloomy | Mixed | Mixed | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Mixed | Mixed | Gloomy |
| Sunny days | Sky | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 7 | Gloomy |
| Feb | 6 | Gloomy |
| Mar | 8 | Gloomy |
| Apr | 10 | Mixed |
| May | 14 | Mixed |
| Jun | 18 | Bright |
| Jul | 23 | Bright |
| Aug | 23 | Bright |
| Sep | 17 | Bright |
| Oct | 11 | Mixed |
| Nov | 9 | Mixed |
| Dec | 7 | Gloomy |
Humidity comfort
Share of days at each humidity comfort level, based on the dew point — the measure that tracks how muggy it actually feels.
Humidity comfort is graded by the dew point — the temperature at which the air would be fully saturated — because it tracks how muggy it actually feels far better than relative humidity does. A low dew point feels dry and crisp; a high one feels sticky and oppressive no matter the reading on a humidity gauge.
In Gölcük, how humid it feels changes dramatically over the year.
The more humid part of the year lasts 3.9 months, from around June 2 to September 29. The muggiest month is August, when the air feels humid, muggy or worse about 83% of the time.
The most comfortable stretch runs from around September 30 to June 1, and April is the most comfortable month — the air is dry or comfortable 100% of the time.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 96 | 59 | 13 | 2 | 3 | 22 | 60 | 97 | 100 |
| Comfortable (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 34 | 37 | 19 | 15 | 36 | 32 | 3 | 0 |
| Humid (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 37 | 40 | 38 | 33 | 7 | 0 | 0 |
| Muggy (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 35 | 38 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Oppressive (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | Humid (%) | Muggy (%) | Oppressive (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Feb | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr | 96 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| May | 59 | 34 | 7 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun | 13 | 37 | 37 | 12 | 0 |
| Jul | 2 | 19 | 40 | 35 | 4 |
| Aug | 3 | 15 | 38 | 38 | 7 |
| Sep | 22 | 36 | 33 | 8 | 0 |
| Oct | 60 | 32 | 7 | 1 | 0 |
| Nov | 97 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Dec | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Wind
Average wind speed through the year, banded into plain-language speed zones so a number reads as 'breezy' or 'calm' without knowing the scale.
This is the average sustained wind speed at the standard 10 metres above open ground — the steady flow a weather station reports, not the sharper gusts that come and go, which can run half again as fast. It's the number that says whether a place is generally breezy or calm.
Wind in Gölcük is steady company: average speeds sit near 8 km/h — calm — in every month of the year, with no meaningful windy or calm season.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 8 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 8 | calm |
| Feb | 8 | calm |
| Mar | 8 | calm |
| Apr | 7 | calm |
| May | 7 | calm |
| Jun | 8 | calm |
| Jul | 9 | calm |
| Aug | 9 | calm |
| Sep | 8 | calm |
| Oct | 8 | calm |
| Nov | 7 | calm |
| Dec | 8 | calm |
Best time to visit Gölcük
To characterize how pleasant the weather is in Gölcük throughout the year, we compute two travel scores — one for general sightseeing, one for beach and pool weather.
Around early May, Gölcük is still near the start of its best-weather window — great conditions with the peak-season crowds not yet at full swing.
Inferred from the travel-score curve; month-by-month visitor numbers are a planned addition.
The travel score favors clear, rainless days with daytime highs between 18°C and 28°C. Based on this score, the best time of year to visit Gölcük for general outdoor tourist activities is from late April to mid October, with a peak score in the second week of September.
The travel score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Travel score (0–10) | 1.1 | 1.7 | 3.0 | 5.2 | 6.8 | 7.3 | 7.3 | 7.1 | 7.5 | 6.3 | 4.3 | 1.9 |
| Rating | poor | poor | poor | fair | good | good | good | good | ideal | good | fair | poor |
| Travel score (0–10) | Rating | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 1.1 | poor |
| Feb | 1.7 | poor |
| Mar | 3.0 | poor |
| Apr | 5.2 | fair |
| May | 6.8 | good |
| Jun | 7.3 | good |
| Jul | 7.3 | good |
| Aug | 7.1 | good |
| Sep | 7.5 | ideal |
| Oct | 6.3 | good |
| Nov | 4.3 | fair |
| Dec | 1.9 | poor |
The beach/pool score favors clear, rainless days with daytime highs between 24°C and 34°C. Based on this score, the best time of year to visit Gölcük for hot-weather activities is from mid June to mid September, with a peak score in the first week of August.
The beach/pool score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).
What to pack for Gölcük, by month
Month by month, what's worth putting in the bag — from the temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind. Tap a month for a quick packing note.
For a warm-season trip around August (highs near 28°C), the essentials are light clothes and sun protection. In the cold season around January (highs near 8°C), pack a warm layer, a heavy coat and rain gear.
In August, Gölcük sees daytime highs around 28°C and nights near 19°C. Pack light clothes. Worth having: sun protection. About 6 days see rain.
Sea temperature near Gölcük
Average ocean temperature at the nearest coast, month by month, banded into swim-comfort zones — the other half of the beach question.
The sea at the nearest coast (about 46 km away) is warmest in August at about 25°C and coldest in February near 7°C.
It's comfortable for a long swim from Jun 11 to Oct 10 — about 4 months when the water holds above 20°C.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sea temperature (°C) | 9 | 7 | 8 | 10 | 16 | 21 | 24 | 25 | 23 | 19 | 15 | 11 |
| Comfort | Bracing | Bracing | Bracing | Bracing | Cool | Refreshing | Warm | Warm | Refreshing | Cool | Cool | Bracing |
| Sea temperature (°C) | Comfort | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 9 | Bracing |
| Feb | 7 | Bracing |
| Mar | 8 | Bracing |
| Apr | 10 | Bracing |
| May | 16 | Cool |
| Jun | 21 | Refreshing |
| Jul | 24 | Warm |
| Aug | 25 | Warm |
| Sep | 23 | Refreshing |
| Oct | 19 | Cool |
| Nov | 15 | Cool |
| Dec | 11 | Bracing |
UV index (midday) in Gölcük by month
Clear-sky midday UV index through the year, shaded by the WHO exposure levels — how much sun protection each month calls for.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Gölcük peaks around June 23 at about 9 (very high) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 21 at about 2 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 8 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 2 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 2 |
| Level | Low | Moderate | Moderate | High | High | Very high | Very high | Very high | High | Moderate | Moderate | Low |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 2 | Low |
| Feb | 2 | Moderate |
| Mar | 4 | Moderate |
| Apr | 7 | High |
| May | 7 | High |
| Jun | 9 | Very high |
| Jul | 9 | Very high |
| Aug | 9 | Very high |
| Sep | 6 | High |
| Oct | 4 | Moderate |
| Nov | 2 | Moderate |
| Dec | 2 | Low |
Average hourly UV index in Gölcük
Modeled clear-sky UV for every hour of every day — when in the day sun protection actually matters.
The whole year hour by hour: each column is a day, each row an hour, and the color is the modeled clear-sky UV index — the midday peak scaled down as the sun sits lower in the sky. Darker overlays mark night, lighter ones the civil-twilight hours around sunrise and sunset.
UV falls off far faster than brightness as the sun drops, so even in June the burn window is concentrated in the middle of the day: about 8.5 hours a day reach index 3 (protection recommended), and 5 hours reach 6 or more. Mornings and late afternoons stay comparatively gentle year round.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV ≥ 3 (h/day) | 0 | 0 | 3 | 6.5 | 7.5 | 8.5 | 8 | 7.5 | 6 | 3.5 | 0 | 0 |
| UV ≥ 6 (h/day) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.5 | 3.5 | 5 | 5 | 4.5 | 1.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| UV ≥ 3 (h/day) | UV ≥ 6 (h/day) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 0 | 0 |
| Feb | 0 | 0 |
| Mar | 3 | 0 |
| Apr | 6.5 | 2.5 |
| May | 7.5 | 3.5 |
| Jun | 8.5 | 5 |
| Jul | 8 | 5 |
| Aug | 7.5 | 4.5 |
| Sep | 6 | 1.5 |
| Oct | 3.5 | 0 |
| Nov | 0 | 0 |
| Dec | 0 | 0 |
Air quality in Gölcük by month
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see which months the air is worst, not just the yearly average.
Air quality in Gölcük is worst in March — around 16 µg/m³ PM2.5 (moderate), about 2.0× the cleanest month (December, 8 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 9 | 11 | 16 | 16 | 15 | 13 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 8 |
| Level | Good | Good | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Good | Good | Good | Good | Good | Good |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 9 | Good |
| Feb | 11 | Good |
| Mar | 16 | Moderate |
| Apr | 16 | Moderate |
| May | 15 | Moderate |
| Jun | 13 | Moderate |
| Jul | 10 | Good |
| Aug | 10 | Good |
| Sep | 10 | Good |
| Oct | 10 | Good |
| Nov | 10 | Good |
| Dec | 8 | Good |
Growing season
Gölcük is mild enough that a frost-free day stays more likely than not even in midwinter. Nights are reliably above freezing from about March 25 to December 3 (254 days); outside that window a hard frost is an occasional risk.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frost-free chance (%) | 66 | 70 | 87 | 98 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 97 | 81 |
| Frost nights | 31 | 28 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 28 |
| Frost-free chance (%) | Frost nights | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 66 | 31 |
| Feb | 70 | 28 |
| Mar | 87 | 26 |
| Apr | 98 | 0 |
| May | 100 | 0 |
| Jun | 100 | 0 |
| Jul | 100 | 0 |
| Aug | 100 | 0 |
| Sep | 100 | 0 |
| Oct | 100 | 0 |
| Nov | 97 | 0 |
| Dec | 81 | 28 |
Growing degree days
Growing degree days tally heat above 10°C: each day adds however many degrees its average temperature runs over that threshold, and cold days add nothing. Gölcük banks about 1,912 degree days a year, and the running total — which growers use to time plantings and predict maturity — climbs fastest around August.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Growing degree days (°C·days) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 58 | 200 | 318 | 406 | 420 | 303 | 179 | 29 | 0 |
| Growing degree days (°C·days) | |
|---|---|
| Jan | 0 |
| Feb | 0 |
| Mar | 0 |
| Apr | 58 |
| May | 200 |
| Jun | 318 |
| Jul | 406 |
| Aug | 420 |
| Sep | 303 |
| Oct | 179 |
| Nov | 29 |
| Dec | 0 |
Solar energy
Average daily shortwave solar energy reaching the ground, banded into brightness zones so the number means something at a glance.
Solar energy is how much sunlight actually reaches the ground each day, measured in kilowatt-hours per square metre (kWh/m²) — the combined effect of how long the sun is up, how high it climbs, and how much cloud gets in the way. It's the raw fuel a solar panel has to work with: for scale, 1 kWh/m² a day is dim and wintry, while 7+ is desert-bright.
Gölcük receives about 4.1 kWh/m² a day of solar energy on average — bright — with a clear seasonal swing between 1.5 and 6.8 kWh/m².
The brighter stretch of the year lasts 5.9 months, from around Mar 27 to Sep 22. The brightest month is June, averaging about 6.6 kWh/m² (intense).
The dimmest month is December, down near 1.5 kWh/m² — roughly 77% less than the June peak.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 1.8 | 2.5 | 3.7 | 5.0 | 6.0 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 5.9 | 4.5 | 2.9 | 2.1 | 1.5 |
| Level | Dim | Moderate | Moderate | Bright | Intense | Intense | Intense | Bright | Bright | Moderate | Moderate | Dim |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 1.8 | Dim |
| Feb | 2.5 | Moderate |
| Mar | 3.7 | Moderate |
| Apr | 5.0 | Bright |
| May | 6.0 | Intense |
| Jun | 6.7 | Intense |
| Jul | 6.7 | Intense |
| Aug | 5.9 | Bright |
| Sep | 4.5 | Bright |
| Oct | 2.9 | Moderate |
| Nov | 2.1 | Moderate |
| Dec | 1.5 | Dim |
Where is Gölcük?
Gölcük sits at 40.7°N, 29.8°E, 56 m above sea level, in Turkey. The nearest listed city is Derince, 5.0 km away.
Topography around Gölcük
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Gölcük.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Gölcük has significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 355 m around an average of 52 m above sea level; within 16 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,146 m; within 80 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,841 m.
The land around Gölcük is covered by artificial surfaces (36%), trees (32%) and water (28%) within 3 km, trees (62%) within 16 km, and trees (51%) and water (23%) within 80 km.
Turkey travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / F
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 41% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $18,599
- 2025
- Happiness
- 5.3 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Homicide rate
- 3.2
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 6.7
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- Low
- EF EPI 488
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Gölcük (40.715°, 29.8182°, elevation 56 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. Sea temperatures are the NOAA OISST v2.1 1991–2020 monthly climatology (public domain), sampled at the nearest ocean point. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).