Climate and average weather in Ottumwa
In Ottumwa, the summers are humid, hot, showery, and partly cloudy and the winters are very cold, snowy, and partly cloudy.
Over the course of the year, the temperature in Ottumwa typically varies from 16°F to 85°F, and is rarely below -4°F or above 94°F. July is the hottest month of the year, while January is the coldest.
Based on the travel score, the best times of year to visit Ottumwa for warm-weather activities are from early May to late June and early August to mid October.
- Hottest
- Jul
- 85°
- Coldest
- Jan
- 16°
- Wettest
- Jun
- 5.0 in
- Driest
- Jan
- 1.4 in
- Rain / yr
- 37.2 in
- 107 wet days
- Daylight
- 9.0–15.0 h
- shortest–longest
- Elevation
- 673 ft
- 41.0°N
- Clearest
- Sep
- 45% cloud
Ottumwa is city in and the county seat of Wapello County, Iowa, United States.
- Density
- 575/km²
- people per km²
- Founded
- 1844
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Ottumwa weather by month, at a glance
The whole year in one picture — sky, rain, humidity, temperature and travel score. Click any band to jump to its full chart.
Each stripe is one measure across the whole year, stacked so a single day reads top to bottom. The sky band runs overcast grey on top down to clear blue at the base — more blue means sunnier — followed by the rainfall curve, the humidity band, a temperature strip that tints each stretch of the year by how warm its average high is, and the travel-score line at the foot. Scan straight down any date to read that day across every measure at once; the score climbs highest around early August to mid October.
Temperature through the year
Daily average highs and lows in Ottumwa, from 1991–2020 of climate data. The shaded bands show the range most days fall in — 10th to 90th percentile.
The hot season lasts 4.4 months, from May 16 to September 26, with daily high temperatures above 72°F. The hottest month of the year in Ottumwa is July, with an average high of 85°F and low of 67°F.
The cool season lasts 3.0 months, from December 1 to March 2, with daily high temperatures below 42°F. The coldest month of the year in Ottumwa is January, with an average low of 16°F and high of 32°F.
Days typically run about 18°F warmer than nights year-round.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°F) | 32 | 36 | 49 | 62 | 72 | 81 | 85 | 83 | 76 | 64 | 49 | 37 |
| Avg low (°F) | 16 | 20 | 31 | 42 | 53 | 63 | 67 | 64 | 56 | 44 | 32 | 22 |
| Avg high (°F) | Avg low (°F) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 32 | 16 |
| Feb | 36 | 20 |
| Mar | 49 | 31 |
| Apr | 62 | 42 |
| May | 72 | 53 |
| Jun | 81 | 63 |
| Jul | 85 | 67 |
| Aug | 83 | 64 |
| Sep | 76 | 56 |
| Oct | 64 | 44 |
| Nov | 49 | 32 |
| Dec | 37 | 22 |
How hot and cold Ottumwa really feels
The felt-temperature range through the year — heat index on the day's high (summer humidity), wind chill on the night's low (winter wind). The dashed lines are the plain thermometer; the gap is how much hotter or colder it really feels.
On the coldest nights, wind chill pulls the feels-like down to about 3°F (around January 16), with roughly 159 freezing days a year (feels-like at or below 32°F) — 86 of them bitterly cold — worst in January.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feels-like high (°F) | 32 | 36 | 49 | 62 | 72 | 82 | 87 | 84 | 76 | 63 | 49 | 37 |
| Air high (°F) | 32 | 36 | 49 | 62 | 72 | 81 | 85 | 83 | 76 | 64 | 49 | 37 |
| Feels-like low (°F) | 4 | 9 | 22 | 36 | 52 | 63 | 67 | 64 | 56 | 39 | 24 | 11 |
| Air low (°F) | 16 | 20 | 31 | 42 | 53 | 63 | 67 | 64 | 56 | 44 | 32 | 22 |
| Feels-like high (°F) | Air high (°F) | Feels-like low (°F) | Air low (°F) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 32 | 32 | 4 | 16 |
| Feb | 36 | 36 | 9 | 20 |
| Mar | 49 | 49 | 22 | 31 |
| Apr | 62 | 62 | 36 | 42 |
| May | 72 | 72 | 52 | 53 |
| Jun | 82 | 81 | 63 | 63 |
| Jul | 87 | 85 | 67 | 67 |
| Aug | 84 | 83 | 64 | 64 |
| Sep | 76 | 76 | 56 | 56 |
| Oct | 63 | 64 | 39 | 44 |
| Nov | 49 | 49 | 24 | 32 |
| Dec | 37 | 37 | 11 | 22 |
Average hourly temperature in Ottumwa
A compact picture of the whole year, hour by hour: each column is a day, each row an hour, and the color is the modeled average temperature. Darker overlays mark night, lighter ones the civil-twilight hours around sunrise and sunset.
Read left to right for the day of the year and top to bottom for the hour of the day; the color is the modeled temperature, cool blues through to hot reds on the same scale as the other charts. A vertical slice is a single day's swing — coolest just before dawn, warmest in the mid-afternoon — while a horizontal slice follows one hour across the seasons. The darker overlay marks night and the lighter one the twilight around sunrise and sunset. Colors run warmest on July afternoons, near 85°F, and coldest before dawn in January, near 16°F.
Ottumwa weather by month
Every month at a glance. Click a month for its detailed page.
| Month | High / Low (°F) | Rainfall (inches) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 32° / 16° | 1.4 | 6.8 | 4.5 | 9.4 | 0.0 |
| Feb | 36° / 20° | 1.8 | 7 | 4.3 | 10.4 | 0.0 |
| Mar | 49° / 31° | 2.7 | 9 | 2.5 | 11.7 | 2.1 |
| Apr | 62° / 42° | 4.3 | 11.6 | 0.8 | 13.1 | 4.9 |
| May | 72° / 53° | 4.8 | 12.7 | 0.1 | 14.3 | 6.2 |
| Jun | 81° / 63° | 5.0 | 11.8 | 0 | 14.9 | 6.0 |
| Jul | 85° / 67° | 3.3 | 9.6 | 0 | 14.6 | 5.4 |
| Aug | 83° / 64° | 3.5 | 9.4 | 0 | 13.6 | 6.2 |
| Sep | 76° / 56° | 3.6 | 8.1 | 0 | 12.3 | 7.2 |
| Oct | 64° / 44° | 2.8 | 7.9 | 0.2 | 10.9 | 5.9 |
| Nov | 49° / 32° | 2.2 | 6.7 | 1.2 | 9.7 | 2.2 |
| Dec | 37° / 22° | 1.8 | 6.3 | 3.5 | 9.1 | 0.0 |
Chance of rain
How likely it is to rain on a typical day, and how that shifts across the wetter and drier seasons.
Ottumwa gets about 37.2 in of precipitation a year. On a typical day the chance of rain is some rain, but that rises and falls sharply with the seasons.
The wetter season lasts 5.2 months, from around Mar 20 to Aug 25, peaking in June at about 42% chance on a given day. The drier stretch runs the rest of the year, bottoming out around Dec 20.
June is the wettest month by volume, with 5.0 in over about 12 wet days; January is the driest, with 1.4 in. Some of the cold-season precipitation falls as snow.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain on a day (%) | 22 | 25 | 29 | 39 | 41 | 39 | 31 | 30 | 28 | 25 | 22 | 21 |
| Rain days | 7 | 7 | 9 | 12 | 13 | 12 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 6 |
| Rain on a day (%) | Rain days | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 22 | 7 |
| Feb | 25 | 7 |
| Mar | 29 | 9 |
| Apr | 39 | 12 |
| May | 41 | 13 |
| Jun | 39 | 12 |
| Jul | 31 | 10 |
| Aug | 30 | 9 |
| Sep | 28 | 8 |
| Oct | 25 | 8 |
| Nov | 22 | 7 |
| Dec | 21 | 6 |
Monthly rainfall
Over a full year, Ottumwa collects about 37.2 in of rain across 107 wet days — roughly 3.1 in in an average month.
It doesn’t fall evenly. June is the wettest month with 5.0 in, while January is the driest at just 1.4 in. The three wettest months alone bring about 38% of the year’s total, and some of the cold-season precipitation falls as snow.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rainfall (in) | 1.4 | 1.8 | 2.7 | 4.3 | 4.8 | 5.0 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 2.8 | 2.2 | 1.8 |
| Rain days | 7 | 7 | 9 | 12 | 13 | 12 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 6 |
| Snow days | 5 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 |
| Rainfall (in) | Rain days | Snow days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 1.4 | 7 | 5 |
| Feb | 1.8 | 7 | 4 |
| Mar | 2.7 | 9 | 3 |
| Apr | 4.3 | 12 | 1 |
| May | 4.8 | 13 | 0 |
| Jun | 5.0 | 12 | 0 |
| Jul | 3.3 | 10 | 0 |
| Aug | 3.5 | 9 | 0 |
| Sep | 3.6 | 8 | 0 |
| Oct | 2.8 | 8 | 0 |
| Nov | 2.2 | 7 | 1 |
| Dec | 1.8 | 6 | 4 |
Snow in Ottumwa
Average snowy days through the year, the snow-season span, and estimated snowfall — for ski trips and the perennial 'will there be snow at Christmas?' question.
Ottumwa averages about 17 snowy days a year. Snow season runs roughly Oct 28 to Apr 24 — about 5.9 months.
February is snowiest, with roughly 5 days of snow and an estimated 9 in of snowfall. Over the year that adds up to an estimated 34 in of snow.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Snow days | 5 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 |
| Snowfall (in) | 8 | 9 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 6 |
| Snow days | Snowfall (in) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 5 | 8 |
| Feb | 4 | 9 |
| Mar | 3 | 5 |
| Apr | 1 | 3 |
| May | 0 | 0 |
| Jun | 0 | 0 |
| Jul | 0 | 0 |
| Aug | 0 | 0 |
| Sep | 0 | 0 |
| Oct | 0 | 0 |
| Nov | 1 | 2 |
| Dec | 4 | 6 |
Clouds and sunshine
How often the daytime sky is clear, partly cloudy or overcast.
In Ottumwa, the average share of the sky covered by clouds shows moderate seasonal variation over the course of the year.
The clearer part of the year begins around June 11 and lasts for 4.5 months, ending around October 26. The clearest month is September, when the sky is clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 61% of the time on average.
The cloudier part of the year begins around November 12 and lasts for 6.9 months, ending around June 10. The cloudiest month is January, when it is overcast or mostly cloudy 61% of the time.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 39 | 40 | 42 | 40 | 42 | 50 | 59 | 59 | 61 | 54 | 46 | 40 |
| Cloudier (%) | 61 | 60 | 58 | 60 | 58 | 50 | 41 | 41 | 39 | 46 | 54 | 60 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 39 | 61 |
| Feb | 40 | 60 |
| Mar | 42 | 58 |
| Apr | 40 | 60 |
| May | 42 | 58 |
| Jun | 50 | 50 |
| Jul | 59 | 41 |
| Aug | 59 | 41 |
| Sep | 61 | 39 |
| Oct | 54 | 46 |
| Nov | 46 | 54 |
| Dec | 40 | 60 |
Daylight, sunrise and sunset
Hours of daylight through the year, with sunrise and sunset times.
The gold band is daylight — sunrise runs along its lower edge, sunset along the upper — so it widens toward summer and pinches toward winter, with night the dark area above and below. The longest day, around June 20, brings about 15 hours of light; the shortest, around December 20, only 9 hours — a swing of roughly 6 hours.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 9.4 | 10.4 | 11.7 | 13.1 | 14.3 | 14.9 | 14.6 | 13.6 | 12.3 | 10.9 | 9.7 | 9.1 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 7:38 | 7:13 | 6:29 | 5:37 | 4:57 | 4:42 | 4:55 | 5:24 | 5:56 | 6:28 | 7:05 | 7:34 |
| Sunset (PM) | 5:00 | 5:35 | 6:09 | 6:43 | 7:14 | 7:38 | 7:36 | 7:03 | 6:12 | 5:21 | 4:45 | 4:38 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 9.4 | 7:38 | 5:00 |
| Feb | 10.4 | 7:13 | 5:35 |
| Mar | 11.7 | 6:29 | 6:09 |
| Apr | 13.1 | 5:37 | 6:43 |
| May | 14.3 | 4:57 | 7:14 |
| Jun | 14.9 | 4:42 | 7:38 |
| Jul | 14.6 | 4:55 | 7:36 |
| Aug | 13.6 | 5:24 | 7:03 |
| Sep | 12.3 | 5:56 | 6:12 |
| Oct | 10.9 | 6:28 | 5:21 |
| Nov | 9.7 | 7:05 | 4:45 |
| Dec | 9.1 | 7:34 | 4:38 |
Sunny days
How many genuinely sunny days each month brings — days the sky stays clear or mostly clear — banded into plain-language zones.
Ottumwa averages about 10 sunny days a month — counting the days the sky stays clear or mostly clear — with a clear seasonal swing between 8 and 15 days.
The sunnier stretch runs 5.2 months, from around Jun 17 to Nov 20. The sunniest month is September, with roughly 14 sunny days (mixed).
The greyest month is April, down near 8 sunny days — about 44% fewer than the September peak.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sunny days | 8 | 8 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 13 | 10 | 9 |
| Sky | Gloomy | Mixed | Mixed | Gloomy | Mixed | Mixed | Mixed | Mixed | Mixed | Mixed | Mixed | Mixed |
| Sunny days | Sky | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 8 | Gloomy |
| Feb | 8 | Mixed |
| Mar | 9 | Mixed |
| Apr | 8 | Gloomy |
| May | 8 | Mixed |
| Jun | 10 | Mixed |
| Jul | 12 | Mixed |
| Aug | 13 | Mixed |
| Sep | 14 | Mixed |
| Oct | 13 | Mixed |
| Nov | 10 | Mixed |
| Dec | 9 | Mixed |
Humidity comfort
Share of days at each humidity comfort level, based on the dew point — the measure that tracks how muggy it actually feels.
Humidity comfort is graded by the dew point — the temperature at which the air would be fully saturated — because it tracks how muggy it actually feels far better than relative humidity does. A low dew point feels dry and crisp; a high one feels sticky and oppressive no matter the reading on a humidity gauge.
In Ottumwa, how humid it feels changes dramatically over the year.
The more humid part of the year lasts 4.1 months, from around May 18 to September 20. The muggiest month is July, when the air feels humid, muggy or worse about 78% of the time.
The most comfortable stretch runs from around September 21 to May 17, and March is the most comfortable month — the air is dry or comfortable 100% of the time.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 98 | 93 | 64 | 21 | 6 | 12 | 47 | 86 | 98 | 100 |
| Comfortable (%) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 15 | 20 | 16 | 17 | 21 | 9 | 2 | 0 |
| Humid (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 15 | 24 | 26 | 27 | 15 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| Muggy (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 26 | 29 | 29 | 14 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Oppressive (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 22 | 15 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Miserable (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | Humid (%) | Muggy (%) | Oppressive (%) | Miserable (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Feb | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar | 98 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr | 93 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| May | 64 | 15 | 15 | 6 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun | 21 | 20 | 24 | 26 | 8 | 0 |
| Jul | 6 | 16 | 26 | 29 | 22 | 1 |
| Aug | 12 | 17 | 27 | 29 | 15 | 1 |
| Sep | 47 | 21 | 15 | 14 | 3 | 0 |
| Oct | 86 | 9 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov | 98 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Dec | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Wind
Average wind speed through the year, banded into plain-language speed zones so a number reads as 'breezy' or 'calm' without knowing the scale.
This is the average sustained wind speed at the standard 10 metres above open ground — the steady flow a weather station reports, not the sharper gusts that come and go, which can run half again as fast. It's the number that says whether a place is generally breezy or calm.
Across the year, average wind speed in Ottumwa is typically light breeze, near 9 mph, and varies moderately with the seasons.
The windier part of the year lasts 7.7 months, from around Oct 1 to May 21. The windiest month is April, averaging about 10 mph (light breeze).
The calmer part of the year runs from around May 22 to Sep 30, with August the calmest month at about 7 mph.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (mph) | 9 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 9 |
| Feels | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | calm | calm | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze |
| Wind speed (mph) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 9 | light breeze |
| Feb | 10 | light breeze |
| Mar | 10 | light breeze |
| Apr | 10 | light breeze |
| May | 9 | light breeze |
| Jun | 8 | light breeze |
| Jul | 7 | calm |
| Aug | 7 | calm |
| Sep | 8 | light breeze |
| Oct | 9 | light breeze |
| Nov | 10 | light breeze |
| Dec | 9 | light breeze |
Best time to visit Ottumwa
To characterize how pleasant the weather is in Ottumwa throughout the year, we compute two travel scores — one for general sightseeing, one for beach and pool weather.
Around mid August, Ottumwa is still near the start of its best-weather window — great conditions with the peak-season crowds not yet at full swing.
Inferred from the travel-score curve; month-by-month visitor numbers are a planned addition.
The travel score favors clear, rainless days with daytime highs between 64°F and 82°F. Based on this score, the best times of year to visit Ottumwa for general outdoor tourist activities run from early May to late June and again from early August to mid October, with a peak score in the last week of September.
The travel score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Travel score (0–10) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.1 | 4.9 | 6.2 | 6.0 | 5.5 | 6.2 | 7.2 | 5.9 | 2.2 | 0.1 |
| Rating | poor | poor | poor | fair | good | good | fair | good | good | good | poor | poor |
| Travel score (0–10) | Rating | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 0.0 | poor |
| Feb | 0.0 | poor |
| Mar | 2.1 | poor |
| Apr | 4.9 | fair |
| May | 6.2 | good |
| Jun | 6.0 | good |
| Jul | 5.5 | fair |
| Aug | 6.2 | good |
| Sep | 7.2 | good |
| Oct | 5.9 | good |
| Nov | 2.2 | poor |
| Dec | 0.1 | poor |
The beach/pool score favors clear, rainless days with daytime highs between 75°F and 93°F. Based on this score, the best time of year to visit Ottumwa for hot-weather activities is from early June to late September, with a peak score in the first week of August.
The beach/pool score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).
What to pack for Ottumwa, by month
Month by month, what's worth putting in the bag — from the temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind. Tap a month for a quick packing note.
For a warm-season trip around July (highs near 85°F), the essentials are light clothes, rain gear and sun protection. In the cold season around January (highs near 32°F), pack a warm layer and a heavy coat.
In July, Ottumwa sees daytime highs around 85°F and nights near 67°F. Pack light clothes and sun protection. Worth having: rain gear. About 10 days see rain.
UV index (midday) in Ottumwa by month
Clear-sky midday UV index through the year, shaded by the WHO exposure levels — how much sun protection each month calls for.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Ottumwa peaks around June 20 at about 9 (very high) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 19 at about 2 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 8 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 2 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 7 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 2 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | High | Very high | Very high | Very high | Very high | High | Moderate | Moderate | Low |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 2 | Moderate |
| Feb | 3 | Moderate |
| Mar | 4 | Moderate |
| Apr | 6 | High |
| May | 7 | Very high |
| Jun | 10 | Very high |
| Jul | 9 | Very high |
| Aug | 8 | Very high |
| Sep | 6 | High |
| Oct | 4 | Moderate |
| Nov | 3 | Moderate |
| Dec | 2 | Low |
Average hourly UV index in Ottumwa
Modeled clear-sky UV for every hour of every day — when in the day sun protection actually matters.
The whole year hour by hour: each column is a day, each row an hour, and the color is the modeled clear-sky UV index — the midday peak scaled down as the sun sits lower in the sky. Darker overlays mark night, lighter ones the civil-twilight hours around sunrise and sunset.
UV falls off far faster than brightness as the sun drops, so even in June the burn window is concentrated in the middle of the day: about 8.5 hours a day reach index 3 (protection recommended), and 5.5 hours reach 6 or more. Mornings and late afternoons stay comparatively gentle year round.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV ≥ 3 (h/day) | 0 | 0 | 4.5 | 6 | 7.5 | 8.5 | 8.5 | 7.5 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| UV ≥ 6 (h/day) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 4 | 1.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| UV ≥ 3 (h/day) | UV ≥ 6 (h/day) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 0 | 0 |
| Feb | 0 | 0 |
| Mar | 4.5 | 0 |
| Apr | 6 | 0 |
| May | 7.5 | 4 |
| Jun | 8.5 | 5.5 |
| Jul | 8.5 | 5.5 |
| Aug | 7.5 | 4 |
| Sep | 6 | 1.5 |
| Oct | 3 | 0 |
| Nov | 0 | 0 |
| Dec | 0 | 0 |
Air quality in Ottumwa by month
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see which months the air is worst, not just the yearly average.
Air quality in Ottumwa is worst in July — around 17 µg/m³ PM2.5 (moderate), about 2.3× the cleanest month (October, 7 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 12 | 14 | 13 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 17 | 14 | 12 | 7 | 8 | 10 |
| Level | Good | Moderate | Moderate | Good | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Good | Good | Good | Good |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 12 | Good |
| Feb | 14 | Moderate |
| Mar | 13 | Moderate |
| Apr | 11 | Good |
| May | 12 | Moderate |
| Jun | 13 | Moderate |
| Jul | 17 | Moderate |
| Aug | 14 | Moderate |
| Sep | 12 | Good |
| Oct | 7 | Good |
| Nov | 8 | Good |
| Dec | 10 | Good |
Growing season
The growing season in Ottumwa typically lasts about 242 days, from around March 19 to November 15 — the span where a frost-free day is more likely than not. It is reliably frost-free from April 20 to October 16.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frost-free chance (%) | 12 | 17 | 46 | 85 | 99 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 99 | 89 | 50 | 19 |
| Frost nights | 31 | 28 | 31 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 30 | 31 |
| Frost-free chance (%) | Frost nights | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 12 | 31 |
| Feb | 17 | 28 |
| Mar | 46 | 31 |
| Apr | 85 | 18 |
| May | 99 | 0 |
| Jun | 100 | 0 |
| Jul | 100 | 0 |
| Aug | 100 | 0 |
| Sep | 99 | 0 |
| Oct | 89 | 13 |
| Nov | 50 | 30 |
| Dec | 19 | 31 |
Growing degree days
Growing degree days tally heat above 50°F: each day adds however many degrees its average temperature runs over that threshold, and cold days add nothing. Ottumwa banks about 3,257 degree days a year, and the running total — which growers use to time plantings and predict maturity — climbs fastest around July.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Growing degree days (°F·days) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 69 | 388 | 668 | 804 | 728 | 476 | 125 | 0 | 0 |
| Growing degree days (°F·days) | |
|---|---|
| Jan | 0 |
| Feb | 0 |
| Mar | 0 |
| Apr | 69 |
| May | 388 |
| Jun | 668 |
| Jul | 804 |
| Aug | 728 |
| Sep | 476 |
| Oct | 125 |
| Nov | 0 |
| Dec | 0 |
Solar energy
Average daily shortwave solar energy reaching the ground, banded into brightness zones so the number means something at a glance.
Solar energy is how much sunlight actually reaches the ground each day, measured in kilowatt-hours per square metre (kWh/m²) — the combined effect of how long the sun is up, how high it climbs, and how much cloud gets in the way. It's the raw fuel a solar panel has to work with: for scale, 1 kWh/m² a day is dim and wintry, while 7+ is desert-bright.
Ottumwa receives about 4.2 kWh/m² a day of solar energy on average — bright — with a clear seasonal swing between 1.8 and 6.6 kWh/m².
The brighter stretch of the year lasts 6.3 months, from around Mar 17 to Sep 25. The brightest month is July, averaging about 6.4 kWh/m² (intense).
The dimmest month is December, down near 1.8 kWh/m² — roughly 71% less than the July peak.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 2.2 | 3.1 | 4.2 | 5.0 | 5.7 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 5.7 | 4.7 | 3.3 | 2.2 | 1.8 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Bright | Bright | Bright | Intense | Intense | Bright | Bright | Moderate | Moderate | Dim |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 2.2 | Moderate |
| Feb | 3.1 | Moderate |
| Mar | 4.2 | Bright |
| Apr | 5.0 | Bright |
| May | 5.7 | Bright |
| Jun | 6.4 | Intense |
| Jul | 6.4 | Intense |
| Aug | 5.7 | Bright |
| Sep | 4.7 | Bright |
| Oct | 3.3 | Moderate |
| Nov | 2.2 | Moderate |
| Dec | 1.8 | Dim |
Where is Ottumwa?
Ottumwa sits at 41.0°N, 92.4°W, 673 ft above sea level, in United States. The nearest listed city is Newton, 57 mi away.
Topography around Ottumwa
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 2, 10 and 50 miles of Ottumwa.
Within 2 miles, the terrain around Ottumwa has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 249 ft around an average of 715 ft above sea level; within 10 miles, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 322 ft; within 50 miles, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 574 ft.
The land around Ottumwa is covered by trees (45%), artificial surfaces (25%) and grassland (20%) within 2 miles, cropland (40%), trees (33%) and grassland (24%) within 10 miles, and cropland (52%), grassland (25%) and trees (22%) within 50 miles.
United States travel facts
- Power plugs
- Type A / B
- 120 V · 60 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 100% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $90,027
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.8 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 98%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 5.8
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 12.7
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Ottumwa (41.02°, -92.4113°, elevation 673 ft), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).