Climate and average weather in Zaranj
In Zaranj, the summers are sweltering, dry, and clear and the winters are mild and clear.
Over the course of the year, the temperature in Zaranj typically varies from 3°C to 44°C, and is rarely below -3°C or above 47°C. July is the hottest month of the year, while January is the coldest.
Based on the travel score, the best times of year to visit Zaranj for warm-weather activities are from early February to late March and late October to mid December.
- Hottest
- Jul
- 44°
- Coldest
- Jan
- 3°
- Wettest
- Jan
- 16 mm
- Driest
- Jul
- 0 mm
- Rain / yr
- 58 mm
- 13 wet days
- Daylight
- 10.0–14.0 h
- shortest–longest
- Elevation
- 489 m
- 31.0°N
- Clearest
- Sep
- 1% cloud
Zaranj is city in Afghanistan.
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Zaranj weather by month, at a glance
The whole year in one picture — sky, rain, humidity, temperature and travel score. Click any band to jump to its full chart.
Each stripe is one measure across the whole year, stacked so a single day reads top to bottom. The sky band runs overcast grey on top down to clear blue at the base — more blue means sunnier — followed by the rainfall curve, the humidity band, a temperature strip that tints each stretch of the year by how warm its average high is, and the travel-score line at the foot. Scan straight down any date to read that day across every measure at once; the score climbs highest around late October to mid December.
Temperature through the year
Daily average highs and lows in Zaranj, from 1991–2020 of climate data. The shaded bands show the range most days fall in — 10th to 90th percentile.
The hot season lasts 4.5 months, from May 6 to September 19, with daily high temperatures above 37°C. The hottest month of the year in Zaranj is July, with an average high of 44°C and low of 30°C.
The cool season lasts 3.0 months, from November 24 to February 21, with daily high temperatures below 21°C. The coldest month of the year in Zaranj is January, with an average low of 3°C and high of 16°C.
Days typically run about 14°C warmer than nights, with the widest day–night swing (around 16°C) in October.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 16 | 20 | 26 | 33 | 39 | 42 | 44 | 42 | 38 | 31 | 23 | 17 |
| Avg low (°C) | 3 | 6 | 12 | 18 | 24 | 28 | 30 | 28 | 22 | 15 | 9 | 4 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 16 | 3 |
| Feb | 20 | 6 |
| Mar | 26 | 12 |
| Apr | 33 | 18 |
| May | 39 | 24 |
| Jun | 42 | 28 |
| Jul | 44 | 30 |
| Aug | 42 | 28 |
| Sep | 38 | 22 |
| Oct | 31 | 15 |
| Nov | 23 | 9 |
| Dec | 17 | 4 |
How hot and cold Zaranj really feels
The felt-temperature range through the year — heat index on the day's high (summer humidity), wind chill on the night's low (winter wind). The dashed lines are the plain thermometer; the gap is how much hotter or colder it really feels.
On the hottest afternoons, once humidity is folded in, Zaranj feels like about 44°C (around July 8). About 183 days a year carry some heat stress, and 110 of them tip into dangerous heat (feels-like above 39°C), peaking in July.
On the coldest nights, wind chill pulls the feels-like down to about -0°C (around January 11), with roughly 22 freezing days a year (feels-like at or below 0°C), worst in January.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feels-like high (°C) | 16 | 20 | 26 | 33 | 38 | 42 | 44 | 42 | 37 | 31 | 23 | 17 |
| Air high (°C) | 16 | 20 | 26 | 33 | 39 | 42 | 44 | 42 | 38 | 31 | 23 | 17 |
| Feels-like low (°C) | 0 | 4 | 11 | 18 | 24 | 28 | 30 | 28 | 22 | 15 | 7 | 1 |
| Air low (°C) | 3 | 6 | 12 | 18 | 24 | 28 | 30 | 28 | 22 | 15 | 9 | 4 |
| Feels-like high (°C) | Air high (°C) | Feels-like low (°C) | Air low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 16 | 16 | 0 | 3 |
| Feb | 20 | 20 | 4 | 6 |
| Mar | 26 | 26 | 11 | 12 |
| Apr | 33 | 33 | 18 | 18 |
| May | 38 | 39 | 24 | 24 |
| Jun | 42 | 42 | 28 | 28 |
| Jul | 44 | 44 | 30 | 30 |
| Aug | 42 | 42 | 28 | 28 |
| Sep | 37 | 38 | 22 | 22 |
| Oct | 31 | 31 | 15 | 15 |
| Nov | 23 | 23 | 7 | 9 |
| Dec | 17 | 17 | 1 | 4 |
Average hourly temperature in Zaranj
A compact picture of the whole year, hour by hour: each column is a day, each row an hour, and the color is the modeled average temperature. Darker overlays mark night, lighter ones the civil-twilight hours around sunrise and sunset.
Read left to right for the day of the year and top to bottom for the hour of the day; the color is the modeled temperature, cool blues through to hot reds on the same scale as the other charts. A vertical slice is a single day's swing — coolest just before dawn, warmest in the mid-afternoon — while a horizontal slice follows one hour across the seasons. The darker overlay marks night and the lighter one the twilight around sunrise and sunset. Colors run warmest on July afternoons, near 44°C, and coldest before dawn in January, near 3°C.
Zaranj weather by month
Every month at a glance. Click a month for its detailed page.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 16° / 3° | 16 | 3.5 | 10.2 | 6.2 |
| Feb | 20° / 6° | 11 | 2.6 | 10.9 | 7.8 |
| Mar | 26° / 12° | 16 | 3 | 11.8 | 8.0 |
| Apr | 33° / 18° | 4 | 1 | 12.7 | 4.5 |
| May | 39° / 24° | 1 | 0.2 | 13.5 | 1.1 |
| Jun | 42° / 28° | 0 | 0 | 14 | 0.0 |
| Jul | 44° / 30° | 0 | 0 | 13.8 | 0.0 |
| Aug | 42° / 28° | 0 | 0 | 13.1 | 0.0 |
| Sep | 38° / 22° | 0 | 0 | 12.2 | 1.8 |
| Oct | 31° / 15° | 0 | 0.1 | 11.2 | 6.2 |
| Nov | 23° / 9° | 3 | 0.7 | 10.4 | 8.9 |
| Dec | 17° / 4° | 7 | 1.5 | 10 | 7.3 |
Chance of rain
How likely it is to rain on a typical day, and how that shifts across the wetter and drier seasons.
Zaranj gets about 58 mm of precipitation a year. On a typical day the chance of rain is mostly dry, but that rises and falls sharply with the seasons.
The wetter season lasts 4.6 months, from around Nov 27 to Apr 14, peaking in January at about 13% chance on a given day. The drier stretch runs the rest of the year, bottoming out around May 30.
January is the wettest month by volume, with 16 mm over about 4 wet days; July is the driest, with 0 mm.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain on a day (%) | 11 | 10 | 9 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 5 |
| Rain days | 4 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| Rain on a day (%) | Rain days | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 11 | 4 |
| Feb | 10 | 3 |
| Mar | 9 | 3 |
| Apr | 3 | 1 |
| May | 1 | 0 |
| Jun | 0 | 0 |
| Jul | 0 | 0 |
| Aug | 0 | 0 |
| Sep | 0 | 0 |
| Oct | 0 | 0 |
| Nov | 2 | 1 |
| Dec | 5 | 2 |
Monthly rainfall
Over a full year, Zaranj collects about 58 mm of rain across 13 wet days — roughly 5 mm in an average month.
It doesn’t fall evenly. January is the wettest month with 16 mm, while July is the driest at just 0 mm. The three wettest months alone bring about 73% of the year’s total.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rainfall (mm) | 16 | 11 | 16 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 7 |
| Rain days | 4 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| Rainfall (mm) | Rain days | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 16 | 4 |
| Feb | 11 | 3 |
| Mar | 16 | 3 |
| Apr | 4 | 1 |
| May | 1 | 0 |
| Jun | 0 | 0 |
| Jul | 0 | 0 |
| Aug | 0 | 0 |
| Sep | 0 | 0 |
| Oct | 0 | 0 |
| Nov | 3 | 1 |
| Dec | 7 | 2 |
Clouds and sunshine
How often the daytime sky is clear, partly cloudy or overcast.
In Zaranj, the average share of the sky covered by clouds shows moderate seasonal variation over the course of the year.
The clearer part of the year begins around May 10 and lasts for 6.2 months, ending around November 13. The clearest month is September, when the sky is clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 100% of the time on average.
The cloudier part of the year begins around November 14 and lasts for 5.8 months, ending around May 9. The cloudiest month is March, when it is overcast or mostly cloudy 25% of the time.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 79 | 79 | 75 | 80 | 92 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 100 | 97 | 89 | 82 |
| Cloudier (%) | 21 | 21 | 25 | 20 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 11 | 18 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 79 | 21 |
| Feb | 79 | 21 |
| Mar | 75 | 25 |
| Apr | 80 | 20 |
| May | 92 | 8 |
| Jun | 99 | 1 |
| Jul | 99 | 1 |
| Aug | 99 | 1 |
| Sep | 100 | 0 |
| Oct | 97 | 3 |
| Nov | 89 | 11 |
| Dec | 82 | 18 |
Daylight, sunrise and sunset
Hours of daylight through the year, with sunrise and sunset times.
The gold band is daylight — sunrise runs along its lower edge, sunset along the upper — so it widens toward summer and pinches toward winter, with night the dark area above and below. The longest day, around June 10, brings about 14 hours of light; the shortest, around January 1, only 10 hours — a swing of roughly 4 hours.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 10.2 | 10.9 | 11.8 | 12.7 | 13.5 | 14.0 | 13.8 | 13.1 | 12.2 | 11.2 | 10.4 | 10.0 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 7:26 | 7:11 | 6:39 | 6:00 | 5:32 | 5:23 | 5:33 | 5:53 | 6:11 | 6:31 | 6:56 | 7:19 |
| Sunset (PM) | 5:38 | 6:04 | 6:25 | 6:45 | 7:06 | 7:23 | 7:23 | 7:01 | 6:22 | 5:45 | 5:20 | 5:19 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 10.2 | 7:26 | 5:38 |
| Feb | 10.9 | 7:11 | 6:04 |
| Mar | 11.8 | 6:39 | 6:25 |
| Apr | 12.7 | 6:00 | 6:45 |
| May | 13.5 | 5:32 | 7:06 |
| Jun | 14.0 | 5:23 | 7:23 |
| Jul | 13.8 | 5:33 | 7:23 |
| Aug | 13.1 | 5:53 | 7:01 |
| Sep | 12.2 | 6:11 | 6:22 |
| Oct | 11.2 | 6:31 | 5:45 |
| Nov | 10.4 | 6:56 | 5:20 |
| Dec | 10.0 | 7:19 | 5:19 |
Sunny days
How many genuinely sunny days each month brings — days the sky stays clear or mostly clear — banded into plain-language zones.
Zaranj averages about 25 sunny days a month — counting the days the sky stays clear or mostly clear — with a clear seasonal swing between 19 and 30 days.
The sunnier stretch runs 5.9 months, from around May 13 to Nov 7. The sunniest month is August, with roughly 30 sunny days (brilliant).
The greyest month is March, down near 20 sunny days — about 35% fewer than the August peak.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sunny days | 21 | 19 | 20 | 20 | 26 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 30 | 29 | 24 | 23 |
| Sky | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Brilliant | Brilliant | Brilliant | Brilliant | Brilliant | Brilliant | Brilliant | Bright |
| Sunny days | Sky | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 21 | Bright |
| Feb | 19 | Bright |
| Mar | 20 | Bright |
| Apr | 20 | Bright |
| May | 26 | Brilliant |
| Jun | 29 | Brilliant |
| Jul | 30 | Brilliant |
| Aug | 31 | Brilliant |
| Sep | 30 | Brilliant |
| Oct | 29 | Brilliant |
| Nov | 24 | Brilliant |
| Dec | 23 | Bright |
Humidity comfort
Share of days at each humidity comfort level, based on the dew point — the measure that tracks how muggy it actually feels.
Humidity comfort is graded by the dew point — the temperature at which the air would be fully saturated — because it tracks how muggy it actually feels far better than relative humidity does. A low dew point feels dry and crisp; a high one feels sticky and oppressive no matter the reading on a humidity gauge.
In Zaranj, the air stays dry or comfortable essentially all year. Even in March, the muggiest month, it feels humid or worse only about 1% of the time — humidity is not something you need to plan around here.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 97 | 99 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Comfortable (%) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Humid (%) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | Humid (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Feb | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar | 97 | 2 | 1 |
| Apr | 99 | 1 | 0 |
| May | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Jun | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Jul | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Aug | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Sep | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Oct | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Dec | 100 | 0 | 0 |
Wind
Average wind speed through the year, banded into plain-language speed zones so a number reads as 'breezy' or 'calm' without knowing the scale.
This is the average sustained wind speed at the standard 10 metres above open ground — the steady flow a weather station reports, not the sharper gusts that come and go, which can run half again as fast. It's the number that says whether a place is generally breezy or calm.
Across the year, average wind speed in Zaranj is typically light breeze, near 18 km/h, and varies a lot with the seasons.
The windier part of the year lasts 4.9 months, from around May 12 to Oct 8. The windiest month is July, averaging about 30 km/h (windy).
The calmer part of the year runs from around Oct 9 to May 11, with December the calmest month at about 10 km/h.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 11 | 12 | 13 | 15 | 19 | 25 | 30 | 29 | 23 | 16 | 12 | 10 |
| Feels | calm | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | breezy | windy | windy | breezy | light breeze | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 11 | calm |
| Feb | 12 | light breeze |
| Mar | 13 | light breeze |
| Apr | 15 | light breeze |
| May | 19 | light breeze |
| Jun | 25 | breezy |
| Jul | 30 | windy |
| Aug | 29 | windy |
| Sep | 23 | breezy |
| Oct | 16 | light breeze |
| Nov | 12 | calm |
| Dec | 10 | calm |
Hazard calendar for Zaranj
When the seasonal hazards worth planning around — the rainy season, tropical-cyclone risk and dust haze — are active through the year.
Zaranj sees seasonal dust haze (April–September), heaviest in July.
Best time to visit Zaranj
To characterize how pleasant the weather is in Zaranj throughout the year, we compute two travel scores — one for general sightseeing, one for beach and pool weather.
Around early December, Zaranj is still near the tail of its best-weather window — great conditions with the peak-season crowds already thinning.
Inferred from the travel-score curve; month-by-month visitor numbers are a planned addition.
The travel score favors clear, rainless days with daytime highs between 18°C and 28°C. Based on this score, the best times of year to visit Zaranj for general outdoor tourist activities run from early February to late March and again from late October to mid December, with a peak score in the second week of November.
The travel score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Travel score (0–10) | 6.3 | 7.8 | 8.0 | 4.5 | 1.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.8 | 6.2 | 8.8 | 7.3 |
| Rating | good | ideal | ideal | fair | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | good | ideal | good |
| Travel score (0–10) | Rating | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 6.3 | good |
| Feb | 7.8 | ideal |
| Mar | 8.0 | ideal |
| Apr | 4.5 | fair |
| May | 1.1 | poor |
| Jun | 0.0 | poor |
| Jul | 0.0 | poor |
| Aug | 0.0 | poor |
| Sep | 1.8 | poor |
| Oct | 6.2 | good |
| Nov | 8.8 | ideal |
| Dec | 7.3 | good |
The beach/pool score favors clear, rainless days with daytime highs between 24°C and 34°C. Based on this score, the best times of year to visit Zaranj for hot-weather activities run from mid March to late April and again from late September to mid November, with a peak score in the last week of October.
The beach/pool score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).
What to pack for Zaranj, by month
Month by month, what's worth putting in the bag — from the temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind. Tap a month for a quick packing note.
For a warm-season trip around July (highs near 44°C), the essentials are light clothes, sun protection and a windbreaker. In the cold season around January (highs near 16°C), pack a warm layer.
In July, Zaranj sees daytime highs around 44°C and nights near 30°C. Pack light clothes, sun protection and a windbreaker.
UV index (midday) in Zaranj by month
Clear-sky midday UV index through the year, shaded by the WHO exposure levels — how much sun protection each month calls for.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Zaranj peaks around June 17 at about 10 (very high) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 18 at about 3 (moderate).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 11 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 4 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 10 | 8 | 7 | 4 | 3 |
| Level | Moderate | High | Very high | Very high | Very high | Extreme | Very high | Extreme | Very high | High | Moderate | Moderate |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 4 | Moderate |
| Feb | 6 | High |
| Mar | 8 | Very high |
| Apr | 8 | Very high |
| May | 9 | Very high |
| Jun | 10 | Extreme |
| Jul | 9 | Very high |
| Aug | 10 | Extreme |
| Sep | 8 | Very high |
| Oct | 7 | High |
| Nov | 4 | Moderate |
| Dec | 3 | Moderate |
Average hourly UV index in Zaranj
Modeled clear-sky UV for every hour of every day — when in the day sun protection actually matters.
The whole year hour by hour: each column is a day, each row an hour, and the color is the modeled clear-sky UV index — the midday peak scaled down as the sun sits lower in the sky. Darker overlays mark night, lighter ones the civil-twilight hours around sunrise and sunset.
UV falls off far faster than brightness as the sun drops, so even in June the burn window is concentrated in the middle of the day: about 8.5 hours a day reach index 3 (protection recommended), and 5.5 hours reach 6 or more. Mornings and late afternoons stay comparatively gentle year round.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV ≥ 3 (h/day) | 3 | 5 | 6.5 | 7 | 8 | 8.5 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 3.5 | 0 |
| UV ≥ 6 (h/day) | 0 | 0 | 3.5 | 4 | 5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| UV ≥ 3 (h/day) | UV ≥ 6 (h/day) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 3 | 0 |
| Feb | 5 | 0 |
| Mar | 6.5 | 3.5 |
| Apr | 7 | 4 |
| May | 8 | 5 |
| Jun | 8.5 | 5.5 |
| Jul | 8 | 5.5 |
| Aug | 8 | 5.5 |
| Sep | 7 | 4 |
| Oct | 6 | 2 |
| Nov | 3.5 | 0 |
| Dec | 0 | 0 |
Air quality in Zaranj by month
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see which months the air is worst, not just the yearly average.
Air quality in Zaranj is worst in August — around 126 µg/m³ PM2.5 (unhealthy), about 3.8× the cleanest month (December, 33 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 34 | 38 | 40 | 52 | 61 | 83 | 120 | 126 | 93 | 58 | 35 | 33 |
| Level | Moderate | Poor | Poor | Poor | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Poor | Moderate |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 34 | Moderate |
| Feb | 38 | Poor |
| Mar | 40 | Poor |
| Apr | 52 | Poor |
| May | 61 | Unhealthy |
| Jun | 83 | Unhealthy |
| Jul | 120 | Unhealthy |
| Aug | 126 | Unhealthy |
| Sep | 93 | Unhealthy |
| Oct | 58 | Unhealthy |
| Nov | 35 | Poor |
| Dec | 33 | Moderate |
Growing season
Zaranj is mild enough that a frost-free day stays more likely than not even in midwinter. Nights are reliably above freezing from about February 16 to December 4 (292 days); outside that window a hard frost is an occasional risk.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frost-free chance (%) | 78 | 90 | 99 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 98 | 83 |
| Frost nights | 31 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 28 |
| Frost-free chance (%) | Frost nights | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 78 | 31 |
| Feb | 90 | 15 |
| Mar | 99 | 0 |
| Apr | 100 | 0 |
| May | 100 | 0 |
| Jun | 100 | 0 |
| Jul | 100 | 0 |
| Aug | 100 | 0 |
| Sep | 100 | 0 |
| Oct | 100 | 0 |
| Nov | 98 | 0 |
| Dec | 83 | 28 |
Growing degree days
Growing degree days tally heat above 10°C: each day adds however many degrees its average temperature runs over that threshold, and cold days add nothing. Zaranj banks about 5,049 degree days a year, and the running total — which growers use to time plantings and predict maturity — climbs fastest around July.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Growing degree days (°C·days) | 3 | 84 | 275 | 468 | 653 | 754 | 836 | 773 | 597 | 410 | 178 | 21 |
| Growing degree days (°C·days) | |
|---|---|
| Jan | 3 |
| Feb | 84 |
| Mar | 275 |
| Apr | 468 |
| May | 653 |
| Jun | 754 |
| Jul | 836 |
| Aug | 773 |
| Sep | 597 |
| Oct | 410 |
| Nov | 178 |
| Dec | 21 |
Solar energy
Average daily shortwave solar energy reaching the ground, banded into brightness zones so the number means something at a glance.
Solar energy is how much sunlight actually reaches the ground each day, measured in kilowatt-hours per square metre (kWh/m²) — the combined effect of how long the sun is up, how high it climbs, and how much cloud gets in the way. It's the raw fuel a solar panel has to work with: for scale, 1 kWh/m² a day is dim and wintry, while 7+ is desert-bright.
Zaranj receives about 6.1 kWh/m² a day of solar energy on average — intense — with a clear seasonal swing between 3.5 and 8.1 kWh/m².
The brighter stretch of the year lasts 6.3 months, from around Mar 18 to Sep 26. The brightest month is June, averaging about 8.1 kWh/m² (intense).
The dimmest month is December, down near 3.6 kWh/m² — roughly 55% less than the June peak.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 3.8 | 4.8 | 6.0 | 7.2 | 7.9 | 8.1 | 7.8 | 7.4 | 6.5 | 5.3 | 4.2 | 3.6 |
| Level | Moderate | Bright | Bright | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Bright | Bright | Moderate |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 3.8 | Moderate |
| Feb | 4.8 | Bright |
| Mar | 6.0 | Bright |
| Apr | 7.2 | Intense |
| May | 7.9 | Intense |
| Jun | 8.1 | Intense |
| Jul | 7.8 | Intense |
| Aug | 7.4 | Intense |
| Sep | 6.5 | Intense |
| Oct | 5.3 | Bright |
| Nov | 4.2 | Bright |
| Dec | 3.6 | Moderate |
Where is Zaranj?
Zaranj sits at 31.0°N, 61.9°E, 489 m above sea level, in Afghanistan. The nearest listed city is Zābol, 36 km away.
Topography around Zaranj
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Zaranj.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Zaranj has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 10 m around an average of 487 m above sea level; within 16 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 25 m; within 80 km, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 313 m.
The land around Zaranj is covered by artificial surfaces (42%), bare terrain (33%) and cropland (24%) within 3 km, bare terrain (65%) and cropland (33%) within 16 km, and bare terrain (89%) within 80 km.
Afghanistan travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 4
- Do Not Travel
- Power plugs
- Type C / F
- 220 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 17% of US
- price level, 2024
- GDP per capita
- $417
- 2024
- Happiness
- 1.4 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 31%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 4
- per 100k, 2021
- Road deaths
- 15.9
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Low
- World Bank
- English
- Very low
- EF EPI 446
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Zaranj (30.9596°, 61.8604°, elevation 489 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).