Afghanistan weather by month

In Kabul, the average share of the sky covered by clouds shows significant seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The clearer part of the year begins around May 18 and lasts for 5.7 months, ending around November 8. The clearest month is September, when the sky is clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 98% of the time on average.

The cloudier part of the year begins around November 9 and lasts for 6.2 months, ending around May 17. The cloudiest month is March, when it is overcast or mostly cloudy 40% of the time.

This is the average sustained wind speed at the standard 10 metres above open ground — the steady flow a weather station reports, not the sharper gusts that come and go, which can run half again as fast. It's the number that says whether a place is generally breezy or calm.

Across the year, average wind speed in Kabul is typically calm, near 6 km/h, and varies little with the seasons.

The windier part of the year lasts 4.1 months, from around May 15 to Sep 15. The windiest month is July, averaging about 8 km/h (calm).

The calmer part of the year runs from around Sep 16 to May 14, with November the calmest month at about 5 km/h.

Solar energy is how much sunlight actually reaches the ground each day, measured in kilowatt-hours per square metre (kWh/m²) — the combined effect of how long the sun is up, how high it climbs, and how much cloud gets in the way. It's the raw fuel a solar panel has to work with: for scale, 1 kWh/m² a day is dim and wintry, while 7+ is desert-bright.

Kabul receives about 5.8 kWh/m² a day of solar energy on average — bright — with a clear seasonal swing between 3.2 and 8.1 kWh/m².

The brighter stretch of the year lasts 6.2 months, from around Mar 22 to Sep 27. The brightest month is June, averaging about 8.1 kWh/m² (intense).

The dimmest month is December, down near 3.2 kWh/m² — roughly 60% less than the June peak.