Bou Saâda weather in February
In February, Bou Saâda sees average daytime highs of 15°C and overnight lows near 5°C, with 16 mm of precipitation across 3.8 wet days and about 10.7 hours of daylight. It is the 10th-warmest and 9th-wettest month of the year here.
Highs climb over the month, from about 13°C in the first days to 16°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 52% of the time in February, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 10 h 12 min at the start of February to 11 h 06 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Bou Saâda's 5th-clearest and 3rd-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Bou Saâda's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 15°
- 10th warmest
- Overnight low
- 5°
- 2nd coldest
- Precipitation
- 16 mm
- 3.8 wet days
- Daylight
- 10 h 42 min
- 7:38 AM – 6:18 PM
- Cloud cover
- 39%
- 5th clearest
- Wind
- 12 km/h
- 3rd windiest
- Solar energy
- 4.09 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 5.3
- out of 10
Temperature in February
Highs climb over the month, from about 13°C in the first days to 16°C by the end.
A typical February day in Bou Saâda reaches about 15°C in the afternoon and slips back to 5°C overnight — a 10°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 9°C and 20°C. Set against its neighbours, February runs about 2°C warmer than January and about 4°C cooler than March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 13 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 |
| Avg low (°C) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 13 | 4 |
| 2 | 13 | 4 |
| 3 | 13 | 4 |
| 4 | 14 | 4 |
| 5 | 14 | 4 |
| 6 | 14 | 4 |
| 7 | 14 | 4 |
| 8 | 14 | 4 |
| 9 | 14 | 4 |
| 10 | 14 | 4 |
| 11 | 14 | 4 |
| 12 | 14 | 4 |
| 13 | 14 | 4 |
| 14 | 15 | 4 |
| 15 | 15 | 4 |
| 16 | 15 | 5 |
| 17 | 15 | 5 |
| 18 | 15 | 5 |
| 19 | 15 | 5 |
| 20 | 15 | 5 |
| 21 | 15 | 5 |
| 22 | 16 | 5 |
| 23 | 16 | 5 |
| 24 | 16 | 5 |
| 25 | 16 | 5 |
| 26 | 16 | 5 |
| 27 | 16 | 6 |
| 28 | 16 | 6 |
How February really feels in Bou Saâda
Once humidity and wind are folded in, February averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
February sits comfortably in between — no days that feel dangerously hot or drop to a hard freeze once humidity and wind are folded in.
Bou Saâda weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 10th-warmest and 9th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 13° / 4° | 23 | 4.6 | 9.9 | 4.2 |
| Feb | 15° / 5° | 16 | 3.8 | 10.7 | 5.3 |
| Mar | 19° / 7° | 23 | 4.5 | 11.7 | 7.1 |
| Apr | 23° / 10° | 32 | 5 | 12.9 | 7.7 |
| May | 28° / 15° | 28 | 4.9 | 13.8 | 7.0 |
| Jun | 34° / 20° | 11 | 3 | 14.3 | 3.8 |
| Jul | 38° / 24° | 8 | 3 | 14.1 | 1.4 |
| Aug | 37° / 23° | 13 | 4.5 | 13.3 | 2.0 |
| Sep | 31° / 19° | 34 | 6.2 | 12.2 | 5.4 |
| Oct | 25° / 14° | 30 | 4.5 | 11.1 | 7.9 |
| Nov | 18° / 8° | 21 | 4.2 | 10.1 | 6.7 |
| Dec | 14° / 5° | 18 | 4.1 | 9.7 | 4.7 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 52% of the time in February.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 20% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 28%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 69 | 69 | 69 | 70 | 71 | 71 | 72 | 72 | 72 | 73 | 72 | 72 | 72 | 72 | 72 | 72 | 72 | 72 | 72 | 72 | 72 | 72 | 73 | 73 | 73 | 72 | 72 | 71 |
| Cloudier (%) | 31 | 31 | 31 | 30 | 29 | 29 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 27 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 28 | 28 | 29 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 69 | 31 |
| 2 | 69 | 31 |
| 3 | 69 | 31 |
| 4 | 70 | 30 |
| 5 | 71 | 29 |
| 6 | 71 | 29 |
| 7 | 72 | 28 |
| 8 | 72 | 28 |
| 9 | 72 | 28 |
| 10 | 73 | 27 |
| 11 | 72 | 28 |
| 12 | 72 | 28 |
| 13 | 72 | 28 |
| 14 | 72 | 28 |
| 15 | 72 | 28 |
| 16 | 72 | 28 |
| 17 | 72 | 28 |
| 18 | 72 | 28 |
| 19 | 72 | 28 |
| 20 | 72 | 28 |
| 21 | 72 | 28 |
| 22 | 72 | 28 |
| 23 | 73 | 27 |
| 24 | 73 | 27 |
| 25 | 73 | 27 |
| 26 | 72 | 28 |
| 27 | 72 | 28 |
| 28 | 71 | 29 |
Chance of precipitation in February
Bou Saâda gets around 16 mm of rain and snow over 3.8 wet days in February. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 14% and peaks near 15% on the wettest days, and about 0 day brings snow.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 15 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 15 |
| 2 | 14 |
| 3 | 14 |
| 4 | 13 |
| 5 | 13 |
| 6 | 13 |
| 7 | 13 |
| 8 | 13 |
| 9 | 13 |
| 10 | 13 |
| 11 | 13 |
| 12 | 13 |
| 13 | 13 |
| 14 | 13 |
| 15 | 13 |
| 16 | 13 |
| 17 | 13 |
| 18 | 13 |
| 19 | 14 |
| 20 | 14 |
| 21 | 14 |
| 22 | 14 |
| 23 | 14 |
| 24 | 14 |
| 25 | 14 |
| 26 | 14 |
| 27 | 14 |
| 28 | 14 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
Wind in February
Winds average 12 km/h in February.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 12 km/h on the calmest days to 13 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 13 |
| Feels | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 13 | light breeze |
| 2 | 13 | light breeze |
| 3 | 13 | light breeze |
| 4 | 13 | light breeze |
| 5 | 12 | light breeze |
| 6 | 12 | light breeze |
| 7 | 12 | light breeze |
| 8 | 12 | light breeze |
| 9 | 12 | light breeze |
| 10 | 12 | light breeze |
| 11 | 12 | light breeze |
| 12 | 12 | light breeze |
| 13 | 12 | light breeze |
| 14 | 12 | light breeze |
| 15 | 12 | light breeze |
| 16 | 12 | light breeze |
| 17 | 12 | light breeze |
| 18 | 12 | light breeze |
| 19 | 12 | light breeze |
| 20 | 12 | light breeze |
| 21 | 12 | light breeze |
| 22 | 12 | light breeze |
| 23 | 12 | light breeze |
| 24 | 12 | light breeze |
| 25 | 12 | light breeze |
| 26 | 12 | light breeze |
| 27 | 13 | light breeze |
| 28 | 13 | light breeze |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 10 h 12 min at the start of February to 11 h 06 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 54 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 7:49 AM to 7:23 AM, and sunset from 6:04 PM to 6:31 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 10.2 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 10.4 | 10.4 | 10.4 | 10.5 | 10.5 | 10.5 | 10.5 | 10.6 | 10.6 | 10.6 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 10.8 | 10.8 | 10.8 | 10.9 | 10.9 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 11.1 | 11.1 | 11.1 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 7:49 | 7:49 | 7:48 | 7:47 | 7:46 | 7:46 | 7:45 | 7:44 | 7:43 | 7:42 | 7:41 | 7:40 | 7:39 | 7:39 | 7:38 | 7:36 | 7:35 | 7:34 | 7:33 | 7:32 | 7:31 | 7:30 | 7:29 | 7:28 | 7:26 | 7:25 | 7:24 | 7:23 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:04 | 6:05 | 6:06 | 6:07 | 6:08 | 6:09 | 6:10 | 6:11 | 6:12 | 6:13 | 6:14 | 6:15 | 6:16 | 6:17 | 6:18 | 6:19 | 6:20 | 6:21 | 6:22 | 6:23 | 6:24 | 6:25 | 6:26 | 6:27 | 6:28 | 6:29 | 6:30 | 6:31 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 10.2 | 7:49 | 6:04 |
| 2 | 10.3 | 7:49 | 6:05 |
| 3 | 10.3 | 7:48 | 6:06 |
| 4 | 10.3 | 7:47 | 6:07 |
| 5 | 10.4 | 7:46 | 6:08 |
| 6 | 10.4 | 7:46 | 6:09 |
| 7 | 10.4 | 7:45 | 6:10 |
| 8 | 10.5 | 7:44 | 6:11 |
| 9 | 10.5 | 7:43 | 6:12 |
| 10 | 10.5 | 7:42 | 6:13 |
| 11 | 10.5 | 7:41 | 6:14 |
| 12 | 10.6 | 7:40 | 6:15 |
| 13 | 10.6 | 7:39 | 6:16 |
| 14 | 10.6 | 7:39 | 6:17 |
| 15 | 10.7 | 7:38 | 6:18 |
| 16 | 10.7 | 7:36 | 6:19 |
| 17 | 10.7 | 7:35 | 6:20 |
| 18 | 10.8 | 7:34 | 6:21 |
| 19 | 10.8 | 7:33 | 6:22 |
| 20 | 10.8 | 7:32 | 6:23 |
| 21 | 10.9 | 7:31 | 6:24 |
| 22 | 10.9 | 7:30 | 6:25 |
| 23 | 11.0 | 7:29 | 6:26 |
| 24 | 11.0 | 7:28 | 6:27 |
| 25 | 11.0 | 7:26 | 6:28 |
| 26 | 11.1 | 7:25 | 6:29 |
| 27 | 11.1 | 7:24 | 6:30 |
| 28 | 11.1 | 7:23 | 6:31 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 4.09 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 2.69 kWh/m² to a high of 7.69 kWh/m² in June across the year — February's 4.09 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.7 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 3.5 | Moderate |
| 2 | 3.5 | Moderate |
| 3 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 4 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 5 | 3.7 | Moderate |
| 6 | 3.7 | Moderate |
| 7 | 3.8 | Moderate |
| 8 | 3.8 | Moderate |
| 9 | 3.9 | Moderate |
| 10 | 3.9 | Moderate |
| 11 | 3.9 | Moderate |
| 12 | 4.0 | Moderate |
| 13 | 4.0 | Bright |
| 14 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 15 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 16 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 17 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 18 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 19 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 20 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 21 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 22 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 23 | 4.5 | Bright |
| 24 | 4.5 | Bright |
| 25 | 4.5 | Bright |
| 26 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 27 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 28 | 4.7 | Bright |
Hazard calendar for Bou Saâda
None of Bou Saâda's seasonal hazards are active in February. The full-year calendar below shows when the rainy season, cyclone risk and dust haze do peak.
Bou Saâda sees seasonal dust haze (April–September), heaviest in June.
Is February a good time to visit Bou Saâda?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is a reasonable time to visit Bou Saâda for sightseeing.
What to pack for Bou Saâda in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, Bou Saâda sees daytime highs around 15°C and nights near 5°C. Worth packing: a warm layer. About 4 days see rain.
UV index in Bou Saâda in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 5 — enough to warrant sun protection. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Bou Saâda peaks around July 16 at about 9 (very high) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 20 at about 2 (moderate).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 10 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 3 | 5 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 2 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | High | High | Very high | Very high | Very high | Very high | Very high | High | Moderate | Moderate |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 3 | Moderate |
| Feb | 5 | Moderate |
| Mar | 7 | High |
| Apr | 7 | High |
| May | 8 | Very high |
| Jun | 8 | Very high |
| Jul | 9 | Very high |
| Aug | 8 | Very high |
| Sep | 8 | Very high |
| Oct | 6 | High |
| Nov | 4 | Moderate |
| Dec | 2 | Moderate |
Air quality in Bou Saâda in February
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where February falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Bou Saâda is worst in June — around 35 µg/m³ PM2.5 (moderate), about 1.9× the cleanest month (November, 18 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 20 | 20 | 26 | 30 | 31 | 35 | 32 | 31 | 33 | 26 | 18 | 19 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 20 | Moderate |
| Feb | 20 | Moderate |
| Mar | 26 | Moderate |
| Apr | 30 | Moderate |
| May | 31 | Moderate |
| Jun | 35 | Moderate |
| Jul | 32 | Moderate |
| Aug | 31 | Moderate |
| Sep | 33 | Moderate |
| Oct | 26 | Moderate |
| Nov | 18 | Moderate |
| Dec | 19 | Moderate |
Where is Bou Saâda?
Bou Saâda sits at 35.2°N, 4.2°E, 611 m above sea level, in Algeria. The nearest listed city is ’Aïn el Melh, 41 km away.
Topography around Bou Saâda
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Bou Saâda.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Bou Saâda has significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 405 m around an average of 643 m above sea level; within 16 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,154 m; within 80 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,299 m.
The land around Bou Saâda is covered by grassland (45%), bare terrain (27%) and artificial surfaces (25%) within 3 km, grassland (49%) and bare terrain (38%) within 16 km, and bare terrain (46%) and grassland (38%) within 80 km.
Algeria travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / F
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 33% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $6,051
- 2025
- Happiness
- 5.7 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 69%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 1.2
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 20.9
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- Low
- EF EPI 468
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Bou Saâda (35.2086°, 4.174°, elevation 611 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).