Frenda weather in February
In February, Frenda sees average daytime highs of 13°C and overnight lows near 3°C, with 38 mm of precipitation across 8.4 wet days and about 10.7 hours of daylight. It is the 10th-warmest and 5th-wettest month of the year here.
Highs climb over the month, from about 12°C in the first days to 14°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 41% of the time in February, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 10 h 18 min at the start of February to 11 h 06 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Frenda's 7th-clearest and 2nd-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Frenda's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 13°
- 10th warmest
- Overnight low
- 3°
- 2nd coldest
- Precipitation
- 38 mm
- 8.4 wet days
- Daylight
- 10 h 42 min
- 7:50 AM – 6:31 PM
- Cloud cover
- 48%
- 7th clearest
- Wind
- 10 km/h
- 2nd windiest
- Solar energy
- 3.89 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 3.8
- out of 10
Temperature in February
Highs climb over the month, from about 12°C in the first days to 14°C by the end.
A typical February day in Frenda reaches about 13°C in the afternoon and slips back to 3°C overnight — a 10°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 7°C and 18°C. Set against its neighbours, February runs about 1°C warmer than January and about 3°C cooler than March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 |
| Avg low (°C) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12 | 3 |
| 2 | 12 | 3 |
| 3 | 12 | 3 |
| 4 | 12 | 3 |
| 5 | 12 | 3 |
| 6 | 12 | 3 |
| 7 | 12 | 3 |
| 8 | 12 | 3 |
| 9 | 13 | 3 |
| 10 | 13 | 3 |
| 11 | 13 | 3 |
| 12 | 13 | 3 |
| 13 | 13 | 3 |
| 14 | 13 | 3 |
| 15 | 13 | 3 |
| 16 | 13 | 3 |
| 17 | 13 | 3 |
| 18 | 13 | 3 |
| 19 | 13 | 3 |
| 20 | 13 | 3 |
| 21 | 13 | 4 |
| 22 | 14 | 4 |
| 23 | 14 | 4 |
| 24 | 14 | 4 |
| 25 | 14 | 4 |
| 26 | 14 | 4 |
| 27 | 14 | 4 |
| 28 | 14 | 4 |
How February really feels in Frenda
Once humidity and wind are folded in, February averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 10 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
The story in February is cold — wind chill drags the overnight "feels like" below the raw low.
Frenda weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 10th-warmest and 5th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 12° / 2° | 42 | 8.4 | 1.1 | 9.9 | 3.2 |
| Feb | 13° / 3° | 38 | 8.4 | 1.4 | 10.7 | 3.8 |
| Mar | 16° / 5° | 44 | 8.2 | 0.5 | 11.7 | 5.5 |
| Apr | 19° / 8° | 45 | 8 | 0.1 | 12.9 | 6.6 |
| May | 24° / 12° | 33 | 6.5 | 0 | 13.8 | 7.6 |
| Jun | 30° / 17° | 14 | 3.5 | 0 | 14.3 | 6.3 |
| Jul | 34° / 20° | 8 | 3 | 0 | 14.1 | 3.6 |
| Aug | 34° / 20° | 13 | 4.4 | 0 | 13.3 | 3.8 |
| Sep | 28° / 16° | 28 | 6.5 | 0 | 12.2 | 6.6 |
| Oct | 23° / 12° | 33 | 5.5 | 0 | 11.1 | 7.6 |
| Nov | 16° / 7° | 41 | 6.8 | 0.1 | 10.2 | 5.5 |
| Dec | 13° / 4° | 36 | 7.4 | 0.5 | 9.7 | 3.7 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 41% of the time in February.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 16% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 43%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 54 | 55 | 55 | 56 | 57 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 57 | 57 | 56 | 56 | 56 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 56 | 57 | 57 |
| Cloudier (%) | 46 | 45 | 45 | 44 | 43 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 43 | 43 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 44 | 43 | 43 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 54 | 46 |
| 2 | 55 | 45 |
| 3 | 55 | 45 |
| 4 | 56 | 44 |
| 5 | 57 | 43 |
| 6 | 58 | 42 |
| 7 | 58 | 42 |
| 8 | 58 | 42 |
| 9 | 58 | 42 |
| 10 | 58 | 42 |
| 11 | 58 | 42 |
| 12 | 58 | 42 |
| 13 | 58 | 42 |
| 14 | 58 | 42 |
| 15 | 58 | 42 |
| 16 | 58 | 42 |
| 17 | 58 | 42 |
| 18 | 57 | 43 |
| 19 | 57 | 43 |
| 20 | 56 | 44 |
| 21 | 56 | 44 |
| 22 | 56 | 44 |
| 23 | 57 | 43 |
| 24 | 57 | 43 |
| 25 | 57 | 43 |
| 26 | 56 | 44 |
| 27 | 57 | 43 |
| 28 | 57 | 43 |
Chance of precipitation in February
Frenda gets around 38 mm of rain and snow over 8.4 wet days in February. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 30% and peaks near 32% on the wettest days, and about 1 day brings snow.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 32 | 32 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 |
| Snow chance (%) | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 |
| Rain chance (%) | Snow chance (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 32 | 6 |
| 2 | 32 | 6 |
| 3 | 31 | 6 |
| 4 | 31 | 6 |
| 5 | 31 | 6 |
| 6 | 31 | 6 |
| 7 | 30 | 6 |
| 8 | 30 | 5 |
| 9 | 30 | 5 |
| 10 | 29 | 5 |
| 11 | 29 | 4 |
| 12 | 29 | 4 |
| 13 | 29 | 4 |
| 14 | 28 | 4 |
| 15 | 28 | 3 |
| 16 | 28 | 3 |
| 17 | 28 | 3 |
| 18 | 28 | 3 |
| 19 | 28 | 3 |
| 20 | 29 | 4 |
| 21 | 29 | 4 |
| 22 | 29 | 4 |
| 23 | 29 | 4 |
| 24 | 29 | 4 |
| 25 | 30 | 4 |
| 26 | 30 | 4 |
| 27 | 30 | 5 |
| 28 | 30 | 5 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
Wind in February
Winds average 10 km/h in February.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 10 km/h on the calmest days to 11 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 11 | calm |
| 2 | 11 | calm |
| 3 | 11 | calm |
| 4 | 11 | calm |
| 5 | 11 | calm |
| 6 | 11 | calm |
| 7 | 11 | calm |
| 8 | 10 | calm |
| 9 | 10 | calm |
| 10 | 10 | calm |
| 11 | 10 | calm |
| 12 | 10 | calm |
| 13 | 10 | calm |
| 14 | 10 | calm |
| 15 | 10 | calm |
| 16 | 10 | calm |
| 17 | 10 | calm |
| 18 | 10 | calm |
| 19 | 10 | calm |
| 20 | 11 | calm |
| 21 | 11 | calm |
| 22 | 11 | calm |
| 23 | 11 | calm |
| 24 | 11 | calm |
| 25 | 11 | calm |
| 26 | 11 | calm |
| 27 | 11 | calm |
| 28 | 11 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 10 h 18 min at the start of February to 11 h 06 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 48 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 8:02 AM to 7:35 AM, and sunset from 6:17 PM to 6:43 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 10.3 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 10.4 | 10.4 | 10.4 | 10.5 | 10.5 | 10.5 | 10.6 | 10.6 | 10.6 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 10.8 | 10.8 | 10.8 | 10.9 | 10.9 | 10.9 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 11.1 | 11.1 | 11.1 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 8:02 | 8:01 | 8:00 | 7:59 | 7:59 | 7:58 | 7:57 | 7:56 | 7:55 | 7:55 | 7:54 | 7:53 | 7:52 | 7:51 | 7:50 | 7:49 | 7:48 | 7:47 | 7:46 | 7:45 | 7:43 | 7:42 | 7:41 | 7:40 | 7:39 | 7:38 | 7:36 | 7:35 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:17 | 6:18 | 6:19 | 6:20 | 6:21 | 6:22 | 6:23 | 6:24 | 6:25 | 6:26 | 6:27 | 6:28 | 6:29 | 6:30 | 6:31 | 6:32 | 6:33 | 6:34 | 6:35 | 6:36 | 6:37 | 6:38 | 6:39 | 6:40 | 6:41 | 6:41 | 6:42 | 6:43 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 10.3 | 8:02 | 6:17 |
| 2 | 10.3 | 8:01 | 6:18 |
| 3 | 10.3 | 8:00 | 6:19 |
| 4 | 10.3 | 7:59 | 6:20 |
| 5 | 10.4 | 7:59 | 6:21 |
| 6 | 10.4 | 7:58 | 6:22 |
| 7 | 10.4 | 7:57 | 6:23 |
| 8 | 10.5 | 7:56 | 6:24 |
| 9 | 10.5 | 7:55 | 6:25 |
| 10 | 10.5 | 7:55 | 6:26 |
| 11 | 10.6 | 7:54 | 6:27 |
| 12 | 10.6 | 7:53 | 6:28 |
| 13 | 10.6 | 7:52 | 6:29 |
| 14 | 10.7 | 7:51 | 6:30 |
| 15 | 10.7 | 7:50 | 6:31 |
| 16 | 10.7 | 7:49 | 6:32 |
| 17 | 10.8 | 7:48 | 6:33 |
| 18 | 10.8 | 7:47 | 6:34 |
| 19 | 10.8 | 7:46 | 6:35 |
| 20 | 10.9 | 7:45 | 6:36 |
| 21 | 10.9 | 7:43 | 6:37 |
| 22 | 10.9 | 7:42 | 6:38 |
| 23 | 11.0 | 7:41 | 6:39 |
| 24 | 11.0 | 7:40 | 6:40 |
| 25 | 11.0 | 7:39 | 6:41 |
| 26 | 11.1 | 7:38 | 6:41 |
| 27 | 11.1 | 7:36 | 6:42 |
| 28 | 11.1 | 7:35 | 6:43 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 3.89 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 2.57 kWh/m² to a high of 7.62 kWh/m² in June across the year — February's 3.89 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 4.4 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 3.3 | Moderate |
| 2 | 3.4 | Moderate |
| 3 | 3.4 | Moderate |
| 4 | 3.5 | Moderate |
| 5 | 3.5 | Moderate |
| 6 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 7 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 8 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 9 | 3.7 | Moderate |
| 10 | 3.7 | Moderate |
| 11 | 3.8 | Moderate |
| 12 | 3.8 | Moderate |
| 13 | 3.8 | Moderate |
| 14 | 3.9 | Moderate |
| 15 | 3.9 | Moderate |
| 16 | 4.0 | Moderate |
| 17 | 4.0 | Moderate |
| 18 | 4.0 | Bright |
| 19 | 4.0 | Bright |
| 20 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 21 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 22 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 23 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 24 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 25 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 26 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 27 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 28 | 4.4 | Bright |
Hazard calendar for Frenda
None of Frenda's seasonal hazards are active in February. The full-year calendar below shows when the rainy season, cyclone risk and dust haze do peak.
Frenda sees seasonal dust haze (June–August), heaviest in July.
Is February a good time to visit Frenda?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Frenda.
What to pack for Frenda in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, Frenda sees daytime highs around 13°C and nights near 3°C. Worth packing: a warm layer and rain gear. About 8 days see rain.
UV index in Frenda in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 4 — enough to warrant sun protection. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Frenda peaks around July 12 at about 10 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 19 at about 2 (moderate).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 11 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 3 | 4 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 5 | 4 | 2 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Very high | Very high | Very high | Very high | Extreme | Very high | Very high | High | Moderate | Moderate |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 3 | Moderate |
| Feb | 4 | Moderate |
| Mar | 7 | Very high |
| Apr | 8 | Very high |
| May | 8 | Very high |
| Jun | 10 | Very high |
| Jul | 10 | Extreme |
| Aug | 9 | Very high |
| Sep | 8 | Very high |
| Oct | 5 | High |
| Nov | 4 | Moderate |
| Dec | 2 | Moderate |
Air quality in Frenda in February
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where February falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Frenda is worst in September — around 28 µg/m³ PM2.5 (moderate), about 2.1× the cleanest month (January, 14 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 14 | 19 | 26 | 22 | 20 | 21 | 25 | 25 | 28 | 21 | 16 | 14 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 14 | Moderate |
| Feb | 19 | Moderate |
| Mar | 26 | Moderate |
| Apr | 22 | Moderate |
| May | 20 | Moderate |
| Jun | 21 | Moderate |
| Jul | 25 | Moderate |
| Aug | 25 | Moderate |
| Sep | 28 | Moderate |
| Oct | 21 | Moderate |
| Nov | 16 | Moderate |
| Dec | 14 | Moderate |
Where is Frenda?
Frenda sits at 35.1°N, 1.0°E, 1,058 m above sea level, in Algeria. The nearest listed city is Tiaret, 42 km away.
Topography around Frenda
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Frenda.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Frenda has significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 348 m around an average of 1,022 m above sea level; within 16 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 606 m; within 80 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,402 m.
The land around Frenda is covered by cropland (36%) and grassland (32%) within 3 km, cropland (52%) and grassland (24%) within 16 km, and cropland (45%) and grassland (34%) within 80 km.
Algeria travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / F
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 33% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $6,051
- 2025
- Happiness
- 5.7 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 69%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 1.2
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 20.9
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- Low
- EF EPI 468
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Frenda (35.0654°, 1.0494°, elevation 1,058 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).