Tindouf weather in March

In March, Tindouf sees average daytime highs of 26°C and overnight lows near 13°C, with 2 mm of rain across 0.3 wet days and about 11.8 hours of daylight. It is the 8th-warmest and 7th-wettest month of the year here.

Highs climb over the month, from about 25°C in the first days to 28°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 78% of the time in March, and the air most often feels dry.

Daylight stretches from about 11 h 24 min at the start of March to 12 h 12 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, March is Tindouf's 4th-clearest and 4th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Tindouf's year-round climate.

Daytime high: 26°; 8th warmest
Overnight low: 13°; 5th coldest
Rainfall: 2 mm; 0.3 wet days
Daylight: 11 h 48 min; 7:48 AM – 7:36 PM
Cloud cover: 21%; 4th clearest
Wind: 18 km/h; 4th windiest
Solar energy: 6.55 kWh/m²
Travel score: 8.8; out of 10

Tindouf is municipality of Algeria.

Density: 1/km²; people per km²
Founded: 1852

Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.

← February Tindouf year-round climate April →Best places to visit in March

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Temperature in March

Average highAverage lowShaded bands: 10–90% of days

Highs climb over the month, from about 25°C in the first days to 28°C by the end.

A typical March day in Tindouf reaches about 26°C in the afternoon and slips back to 13°C overnight — a 14°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 22°C and 31°C. Set against its neighbours, March runs about 4°C warmer than February and about 4°C cooler than April.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Avg high (°C)	24	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	26	26	26	26	26	26	26	26	26	27	27	27	27	27	27	27	28	28	28	28	28	28	28
Avg low (°C)	11	11	11	11	11	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	13	13	13	13	13	13	13	13	13	13	13	14	14	14	14	14	14	14

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	24	11
2	25	11
3	25	11
4	25	11
5	25	11
6	25	12
7	25	12
8	25	12
9	26	12
10	26	12
11	26	12
12	26	12
13	26	12
14	26	13
15	26	13
16	26	13
17	26	13
18	27	13
19	27	13
20	27	13
21	27	13
22	27	13
23	27	13
24	27	13
25	28	14
26	28	14
27	28	14
28	28	14
29	28	14
30	28	14
31	28	14

How March really feels in Tindouf

Once humidity and wind are folded in, March averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.

Days feeling ≥ 32°C

heat index over the day's high

Days feeling ≤ 0°C

wind chill below the day's low

March sits comfortably in between — no days that feel dangerously hot or drop to a hard freeze once humidity and wind are folded in.

Tindouf weather by month

How March compares with the rest of the year at a glance. March is the 8th-warmest and 7th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.

Month	High / Low (°C)	Rainfall (mm)	Wet days	Daylight (hours)	Travel score
Jan	20° / 8°	2	0.7	10.4	8.3
Feb	23° / 10°	5	0.9	11	8.9
Mar	26° / 13°	2	0.3	11.8	8.8
Apr	30° / 15°	1	0.1	12.6	6.8
May	33° / 18°	1	0.1	13.3	4.5
Jun	37° / 21°	0	0.1	13.7	1.9
Jul	42° / 26°	0	0	13.6	0.0
Aug	41° / 26°	1	0.3	13	0.0
Sep	37° / 22°	2	0.4	12.2	2.3
Oct	31° / 18°	9	1	11.3	5.9
Nov	25° / 13°	2	0.4	10.6	8.8
Dec	21° / 9°	4	0.7	10.3	8.4

Cloud cover in March

ClearMostly clearPartly cloudyMostly cloudyOvercast

The sky is clear or mostly clear about 78% of the time in March.

Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 9% of March, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 14%.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Clearer (%)	86	86	86	86	86	86	86	86	86	86	86	86	86	86	86	86	86	86	86	86	86	86	86	86	86	86	87	87	87	87	87
Cloudier (%)	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	13	13	13	13	13

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	86	14
2	86	14
3	86	14
4	86	14
5	86	14
6	86	14
7	86	14
8	86	14
9	86	14
10	86	14
11	86	14
12	86	14
13	86	14
14	86	14
15	86	14
16	86	14
17	86	14
18	86	14
19	86	14
20	86	14
21	86	14
22	86	14
23	86	14
24	86	14
25	86	14
26	86	14
27	87	13
28	87	13
29	87	13
30	87	13
31	87	13

Chance of precipitation in March

Any precipitation

Tindouf gets around 2 mm of rain over 0.3 wet days in March. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.

Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 1% and peaks near 2% on the wettest days.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Rain chance (%)	2	2	2	2	2	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1

	Rain chance (%)
1	2
2	2
3	2
4	2
5	2
6	1
7	1
8	1
9	1
10	1
11	1
12	1
13	1
14	1
15	1
16	0
17	0
18	0
19	0
20	0
21	0
22	0
23	1
24	1
25	1
26	1
27	1
28	1
29	1
30	1
31	1

Humidity in March

DryComfortableHumidMuggyOppressiveMiserable

Most of March feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.

By dew point, March lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Dry (%)	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	99	99	99	99	99	99
Comfortable (%)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	1	1

	Dry (%)	Comfortable (%)
1	100	0
2	100	0
3	100	0
4	100	0
5	100	0
6	100	0
7	100	0
8	100	0
9	100	0
10	100	0
11	100	0
12	100	0
13	100	0
14	100	0
15	100	0
16	100	0
17	100	0
18	100	0
19	100	0
20	100	0
21	100	0
22	100	0
23	100	0
24	100	0
25	100	0
26	99	1
27	99	1
28	99	1
29	99	1
30	99	1
31	99	1

Wind in March

Winds average 18 km/h in March.

Across March, daily wind ranges from about 18 km/h on the calmest days to 19 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Wind speed (km/h)	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	19	19	19	19	19	19	19	19	19	19	19	19	19	19	19	19	19
Feels	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze

	Wind speed (km/h)	Feels
1	18	light breeze
2	18	light breeze
3	18	light breeze
4	18	light breeze
5	18	light breeze
6	18	light breeze
7	18	light breeze
8	18	light breeze
9	18	light breeze
10	18	light breeze
11	18	light breeze
12	18	light breeze
13	18	light breeze
14	18	light breeze
15	19	light breeze
16	19	light breeze
17	19	light breeze
18	19	light breeze
19	19	light breeze
20	19	light breeze
21	19	light breeze
22	19	light breeze
23	19	light breeze
24	19	light breeze
25	19	light breeze
26	19	light breeze
27	19	light breeze
28	19	light breeze
29	19	light breeze
30	19	light breeze
31	19	light breeze

Sunrise & sunset in March

DaylightNight

Daylight runs from about 11 h 24 min at the start of March to 12 h 12 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.

Days grow by about 48 minutes over March. Sunrise moves from 8:04 AM to 7:31 AM, and sunset from 7:27 PM to 7:44 PM.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Daylight (h)	11.4	11.4	11.4	11.5	11.5	11.5	11.5	11.6	11.6	11.6	11.7	11.7	11.7	11.7	11.8	11.8	11.8	11.9	11.9	11.9	11.9	12.0	12.0	12.0	12.0	12.1	12.1	12.1	12.2	12.2	12.2
Sunrise (AM)	8:04	8:03	8:02	8:01	8:00	7:59	7:58	7:57	7:56	7:55	7:54	7:53	7:52	7:51	7:50	7:48	7:47	7:46	7:45	7:44	7:43	7:41	7:40	7:39	7:38	7:37	7:36	7:35	7:33	7:32	7:31
Sunset (PM)	7:27	7:28	7:29	7:29	7:30	7:30	7:31	7:32	7:32	7:33	7:33	7:34	7:34	7:35	7:36	7:36	7:37	7:37	7:38	7:38	7:39	7:39	7:40	7:40	7:41	7:41	7:42	7:43	7:43	7:44	7:44

	Daylight (h)	Sunrise (AM)	Sunset (PM)
1	11.4	8:04	7:27
2	11.4	8:03	7:28
3	11.4	8:02	7:29
4	11.5	8:01	7:29
5	11.5	8:00	7:30
6	11.5	7:59	7:30
7	11.5	7:58	7:31
8	11.6	7:57	7:32
9	11.6	7:56	7:32
10	11.6	7:55	7:33
11	11.7	7:54	7:33
12	11.7	7:53	7:34
13	11.7	7:52	7:34
14	11.7	7:51	7:35
15	11.8	7:50	7:36
16	11.8	7:48	7:36
17	11.8	7:47	7:37
18	11.9	7:46	7:37
19	11.9	7:45	7:38
20	11.9	7:44	7:38
21	11.9	7:43	7:39
22	12.0	7:41	7:39
23	12.0	7:40	7:40
24	12.0	7:39	7:40
25	12.0	7:38	7:41
26	12.1	7:37	7:41
27	12.1	7:36	7:42
28	12.1	7:35	7:43
29	12.2	7:33	7:43
30	12.2	7:32	7:44
31	12.2	7:31	7:44

Solar energy in March

Daily solar energy (kWh/m²)

Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in March, about 6.55 kWh/m².

For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 3.95 kWh/m² to a high of 8.17 kWh/m² in June across the year — March's 6.55 kWh/m² falls in the middle.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Solar energy (kWh/m²)	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.1	6.1	6.2	6.2	6.3	6.3	6.3	6.4	6.4	6.5	6.5	6.5	6.6	6.6	6.6	6.7	6.7	6.8	6.8	6.8	6.9	6.9	6.9	7.0	7.0	7.0	7.1	7.1
Level	Bright	Bright	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense

	Solar energy (kWh/m²)	Level
1	6.0	Bright
2	6.0	Bright
3	6.0	Intense
4	6.1	Intense
5	6.1	Intense
6	6.2	Intense
7	6.2	Intense
8	6.3	Intense
9	6.3	Intense
10	6.3	Intense
11	6.4	Intense
12	6.4	Intense
13	6.5	Intense
14	6.5	Intense
15	6.5	Intense
16	6.6	Intense
17	6.6	Intense
18	6.6	Intense
19	6.7	Intense
20	6.7	Intense
21	6.8	Intense
22	6.8	Intense
23	6.8	Intense
24	6.9	Intense
25	6.9	Intense
26	6.9	Intense
27	7.0	Intense
28	7.0	Intense
29	7.0	Intense
30	7.1	Intense
31	7.1	Intense

Planning a trip in March

Hazard calendar for Tindouf

In seasonPeak

None of Tindouf's seasonal hazards are active in March. The full-year calendar below shows when the rainy season, cyclone risk and dust haze do peak.

Tindouf sees seasonal dust haze (April–September), heaviest in July.

Dust

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Is March a good time to visit Tindouf?

Our two travel scores rate March for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).

8.8

Sightseeing

2nd-best month of the year

8.6

Beach & pool

2nd-best month of the year

March is one of the better times to visit Tindouf for general sightseeing. The water and warmth also suit a beach or pool day.

What to pack for Tindouf in March

From March's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.

In March, Tindouf sees daytime highs around 26°C and nights near 13°C. Pack sun protection. Worth having: light clothes.

sun protectionlight clothes

UV index in Tindouf in March

LowModerateHighVery highExtreme

Clear-sky midday UV in March peaks around 9 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.

Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Tindouf peaks around August 14 at about 11 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 17 at about 4 (moderate).

The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
UV index (midday)	5	6	9	9	9	10	10	11	10	9	5	4
Level	High	High	Very high	Very high	Very high	Extreme	Extreme	Extreme	Very high	Very high	High	Moderate

	UV index (midday)	Level
Jan	5	High
Feb	6	High
Mar	9	Very high
Apr	9	Very high
May	9	Very high
Jun	10	Extreme
Jul	10	Extreme
Aug	11	Extreme
Sep	10	Very high
Oct	9	Very high
Nov	5	High
Dec	4	Moderate

Air quality in Tindouf in March

GoodModeratePoorUnhealthyVery unhealthy

Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where March falls, not just the annual average.

Air quality in Tindouf is worst in June — around 62 µg/m³ PM2.5 (unhealthy), about 2.3× the cleanest month (November, 27 µg/m³).

Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
PM2.5 (µg/m³)	37	50	44	53	51	62	56	53	44	38	27	38
Level	Poor	Poor	Poor	Poor	Poor	Unhealthy	Unhealthy	Poor	Poor	Poor	Moderate	Poor

	PM2.5 (µg/m³)	Level
Jan	37	Poor
Feb	50	Poor
Mar	44	Poor
Apr	53	Poor
May	51	Poor
Jun	62	Unhealthy
Jul	56	Unhealthy
Aug	53	Poor
Sep	44	Poor
Oct	38	Poor
Nov	27	Moderate
Dec	38	Poor

Location & terrain

Where is Tindouf?

Tindouf sits at 27.7°N, 8.1°W, 402 m above sea level, in Algeria. The nearest listed city is Assa, 163 km away.

Topography around Tindouf

How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Tindouf.

Within 3 km, the terrain around Tindouf has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 54 m around an average of 415 m above sea level; within 16 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 102 m; within 80 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 190 m.

The land around Tindouf is covered by bare terrain (78%) and artificial surfaces (20%) within 3 km, bare terrain (98%) within 16 km, and bare terrain (100%) within 80 km.

3 km

54 m

bare terrain 78%

16 km

102 m

bare terrain 98%

80 km

190 m

bare terrain 100%

treesartificial surfacesbare terrain

← February Tindouf year-round climate April →Best places to visit in March

March weather nearby: Assa 163 km · Bou Izakarn 227 km · Tata 231 km · Guelmim 237 km · Tiznit 273 km · Sidi Ifni 274 km · Tan-Tan 302 km · Tine Biougra 307 km

Algeria travel facts

Travel advisory: Level 2; Exercise Increased Caution
Power plugs: Type C / F; 230 V · 50 Hz
Prices: ≈ 33% of US; price level, 2025
GDP per capita: $6,051; 2025
Happiness: 5.7 / 10; World Happiness, 2025
Safe drinking water: 69%; of population, 2024
Homicide rate: 1.2; per 100k, 2023
Road deaths: 20.9; per 100k/yr, 2019
Income group: Upper middle; World Bank
English: Low; EF EPI 468
Religion

Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.

Data sources

Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Tindouf (27.6711°, -8.1474°, elevation 402 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	24	11
2	25	11
3	25	11
4	25	11
5	25	11
6	25	12
7	25	12
8	25	12
9	26	12
10	26	12
11	26	12
12	26	12
13	26	12
14	26	13
15	26	13
16	26	13
17	26	13
18	27	13
19	27	13
20	27	13
21	27	13
22	27	13
23	27	13
24	27	13
25	28	14
26	28	14
27	28	14
28	28	14
29	28	14
30	28	14
31	28	14

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	86	14
2	86	14
3	86	14
4	86	14
5	86	14
6	86	14
7	86	14
8	86	14
9	86	14
10	86	14
11	86	14
12	86	14
13	86	14
14	86	14
15	86	14
16	86	14
17	86	14
18	86	14
19	86	14
20	86	14
21	86	14
22	86	14
23	86	14
24	86	14
25	86	14
26	86	14
27	87	13
28	87	13
29	87	13
30	87	13
31	87	13

	Rain chance (%)
1	2
2	2
3	2
4	2
5	2
6	1
7	1
8	1
9	1
10	1
11	1
12	1
13	1
14	1
15	1
16	0
17	0
18	0
19	0
20	0
21	0
22	0
23	1
24	1
25	1
26	1
27	1
28	1
29	1
30	1
31	1

	Dry (%)	Comfortable (%)
1	100	0
2	100	0
3	100	0
4	100	0
5	100	0
6	100	0
7	100	0
8	100	0
9	100	0
10	100	0
11	100	0
12	100	0
13	100	0
14	100	0
15	100	0
16	100	0
17	100	0
18	100	0
19	100	0
20	100	0
21	100	0
22	100	0
23	100	0
24	100	0
25	100	0
26	99	1
27	99	1
28	99	1
29	99	1
30	99	1
31	99	1

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	24	11
2	25	11
3	25	11
4	25	11
5	25	11
6	25	12
7	25	12
8	25	12
9	26	12
10	26	12
11	26	12
12	26	12
13	26	12
14	26	13
15	26	13
16	26	13
17	26	13
18	27	13
19	27	13
20	27	13
21	27	13
22	27	13
23	27	13
24	27	13
25	28	14
26	28	14
27	28	14
28	28	14
29	28	14
30	28	14
31	28	14

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	86	14
2	86	14
3	86	14
4	86	14
5	86	14
6	86	14
7	86	14
8	86	14
9	86	14
10	86	14
11	86	14
12	86	14
13	86	14
14	86	14
15	86	14
16	86	14
17	86	14
18	86	14
19	86	14
20	86	14
21	86	14
22	86	14
23	86	14
24	86	14
25	86	14
26	86	14
27	87	13
28	87	13
29	87	13
30	87	13
31	87	13

	Rain chance (%)
1	2
2	2
3	2
4	2
5	2
6	1
7	1
8	1
9	1
10	1
11	1
12	1
13	1
14	1
15	1
16	0
17	0
18	0
19	0
20	0
21	0
22	0
23	1
24	1
25	1
26	1
27	1
28	1
29	1
30	1
31	1

	Dry (%)	Comfortable (%)
1	100	0
2	100	0
3	100	0
4	100	0
5	100	0
6	100	0
7	100	0
8	100	0
9	100	0
10	100	0
11	100	0
12	100	0
13	100	0
14	100	0
15	100	0
16	100	0
17	100	0
18	100	0
19	100	0
20	100	0
21	100	0
22	100	0
23	100	0
24	100	0
25	100	0
26	99	1
27	99	1
28	99	1
29	99	1
30	99	1
31	99	1

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	24	11
2	25	11
3	25	11
4	25	11
5	25	11
6	25	12
7	25	12
8	25	12
9	26	12
10	26	12
11	26	12
12	26	12
13	26	12
14	26	13
15	26	13
16	26	13
17	26	13
18	27	13
19	27	13
20	27	13
21	27	13
22	27	13
23	27	13
24	27	13
25	28	14
26	28	14
27	28	14
28	28	14
29	28	14
30	28	14
31	28	14

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	86	14
2	86	14
3	86	14
4	86	14
5	86	14
6	86	14
7	86	14
8	86	14
9	86	14
10	86	14
11	86	14
12	86	14
13	86	14
14	86	14
15	86	14
16	86	14
17	86	14
18	86	14
19	86	14
20	86	14
21	86	14
22	86	14
23	86	14
24	86	14
25	86	14
26	86	14
27	87	13
28	87	13
29	87	13
30	87	13
31	87	13

	Rain chance (%)
1	2
2	2
3	2
4	2
5	2
6	1
7	1
8	1
9	1
10	1
11	1
12	1
13	1
14	1
15	1
16	0
17	0
18	0
19	0
20	0
21	0
22	0
23	1
24	1
25	1
26	1
27	1
28	1
29	1
30	1
31	1

	Dry (%)	Comfortable (%)
1	100	0
2	100	0
3	100	0
4	100	0
5	100	0
6	100	0
7	100	0
8	100	0
9	100	0
10	100	0
11	100	0
12	100	0
13	100	0
14	100	0
15	100	0
16	100	0
17	100	0
18	100	0
19	100	0
20	100	0
21	100	0
22	100	0
23	100	0
24	100	0
25	100	0
26	99	1
27	99	1
28	99	1
29	99	1
30	99	1
31	99	1