les Escaldes weather in August
In August, les Escaldes sees average daytime highs of 20°C and overnight lows near 9°C, with 70 mm of rain across 11.8 wet days and about 13.7 hours of daylight. It is the 1st-warmest and 7th-wettest month of the year here.
Highs ease over the month, from about 20°C in the first days to 19°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 42% of the time in August, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 14 h 18 min at the start of August to 13 h 06 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, August is les Escaldes's 2nd-clearest and 10th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see les Escaldes's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 20°
- 1st warmest
- Overnight low
- 9°
- 11th coldest
- Rainfall
- 70 mm
- 11.8 wet days
- Daylight
- 13 h 42 min
- 6:06 AM – 7:50 PM
- Cloud cover
- 47%
- 2nd clearest
- Wind
- 5 km/h
- 10th windiest
- Solar energy
- 5.92 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 6.3
- out of 10
les Escaldes is human settlement.
- Founded
- 1978
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in August
Highs ease over the month, from about 20°C in the first days to 19°C by the end.
A typical August day in les Escaldes reaches about 20°C in the afternoon and slips back to 9°C overnight — a 11°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 16°C and 24°C. Set against its neighbours, August runs on par with July and about 4°C warmer than September.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 21 | 21 | 21 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 |
| Avg low (°C) | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 21 | 10 |
| 2 | 21 | 10 |
| 3 | 21 | 10 |
| 4 | 20 | 10 |
| 5 | 20 | 10 |
| 6 | 20 | 10 |
| 7 | 20 | 10 |
| 8 | 20 | 10 |
| 9 | 20 | 10 |
| 10 | 20 | 10 |
| 11 | 20 | 10 |
| 12 | 20 | 10 |
| 13 | 20 | 10 |
| 14 | 20 | 10 |
| 15 | 20 | 10 |
| 16 | 20 | 10 |
| 17 | 20 | 9 |
| 18 | 20 | 9 |
| 19 | 20 | 9 |
| 20 | 20 | 9 |
| 21 | 20 | 9 |
| 22 | 20 | 9 |
| 23 | 20 | 9 |
| 24 | 20 | 9 |
| 25 | 19 | 9 |
| 26 | 19 | 9 |
| 27 | 19 | 9 |
| 28 | 19 | 8 |
| 29 | 19 | 8 |
| 30 | 19 | 8 |
| 31 | 19 | 8 |
How August really feels in les Escaldes
Once humidity and wind are folded in, August averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
August sits comfortably in between — no days that feel dangerously hot or drop to a hard freeze once humidity and wind are folded in.
les Escaldes weather by month
How August compares with the rest of the year at a glance. August is the 1st-warmest and 7th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 1° / -6° | 73 | 10.2 | 10.6 | 9.2 | 0.0 |
| Feb | 2° / -6° | 54 | 9.9 | 10.2 | 10.3 | 0.0 |
| Mar | 5° / -4° | 66 | 11.5 | 10.3 | 11.6 | 0.1 |
| Apr | 7° / -2° | 92 | 14.1 | 9.9 | 13.1 | 0.9 |
| May | 12° / 3° | 106 | 16 | 4.5 | 14.4 | 2.8 |
| Jun | 17° / 7° | 95 | 13.7 | 1 | 15.1 | 4.9 |
| Jul | 20° / 10° | 70 | 11.4 | 0 | 14.8 | 6.3 |
| Aug | 20° / 9° | 70 | 11.8 | 0 | 13.7 | 6.3 |
| Sep | 16° / 6° | 66 | 10.5 | 0.6 | 12.3 | 5.1 |
| Oct | 12° / 2° | 66 | 9.8 | 3 | 10.8 | 3.0 |
| Nov | 6° / -3° | 81 | 10.8 | 8.3 | 9.6 | 0.5 |
| Dec | 2° / -5° | 63 | 10 | 9.5 | 8.9 | 0.0 |
Cloud cover in August
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 42% of the time in August.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 23% of August, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 36%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 70 | 69 | 69 | 67 | 67 | 66 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 64 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 64 | 64 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 66 | 65 | 65 | 64 | 64 | 63 | 63 | 62 | 62 | 61 | 61 | 59 |
| Cloudier (%) | 30 | 31 | 31 | 33 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 36 | 36 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 34 | 35 | 35 | 36 | 36 | 37 | 37 | 38 | 38 | 39 | 39 | 41 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 70 | 30 |
| 2 | 69 | 31 |
| 3 | 69 | 31 |
| 4 | 67 | 33 |
| 5 | 67 | 33 |
| 6 | 66 | 34 |
| 7 | 65 | 35 |
| 8 | 65 | 35 |
| 9 | 65 | 35 |
| 10 | 65 | 35 |
| 11 | 64 | 36 |
| 12 | 63 | 37 |
| 13 | 63 | 37 |
| 14 | 63 | 37 |
| 15 | 64 | 36 |
| 16 | 64 | 36 |
| 17 | 65 | 35 |
| 18 | 65 | 35 |
| 19 | 65 | 35 |
| 20 | 66 | 34 |
| 21 | 65 | 35 |
| 22 | 65 | 35 |
| 23 | 64 | 36 |
| 24 | 64 | 36 |
| 25 | 63 | 37 |
| 26 | 63 | 37 |
| 27 | 62 | 38 |
| 28 | 62 | 38 |
| 29 | 61 | 39 |
| 30 | 61 | 39 |
| 31 | 59 | 41 |
Chance of precipitation in August
les Escaldes gets around 70 mm of rain over 11.8 wet days in August. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 37% and peaks near 41% on the wettest days. The odds ease toward the end of the month.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 39 | 39 | 40 | 40 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 40 | 40 | 39 | 38 | 37 | 37 | 36 | 35 | 35 | 34 | 34 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 32 | 32 | 33 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 39 |
| 2 | 39 |
| 3 | 40 |
| 4 | 40 |
| 5 | 41 |
| 6 | 41 |
| 7 | 41 |
| 8 | 41 |
| 9 | 41 |
| 10 | 41 |
| 11 | 41 |
| 12 | 41 |
| 13 | 41 |
| 14 | 40 |
| 15 | 40 |
| 16 | 39 |
| 17 | 38 |
| 18 | 37 |
| 19 | 37 |
| 20 | 36 |
| 21 | 35 |
| 22 | 35 |
| 23 | 34 |
| 24 | 34 |
| 25 | 33 |
| 26 | 33 |
| 27 | 33 |
| 28 | 33 |
| 29 | 32 |
| 30 | 32 |
| 31 | 33 |
Humidity in August
Most of August feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, August lands in the dry band about 98% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 |
| Comfortable (%) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 97 | 3 |
| 2 | 97 | 3 |
| 3 | 97 | 3 |
| 4 | 97 | 3 |
| 5 | 97 | 3 |
| 6 | 97 | 3 |
| 7 | 97 | 3 |
| 8 | 97 | 3 |
| 9 | 97 | 3 |
| 10 | 97 | 3 |
| 11 | 97 | 3 |
| 12 | 97 | 3 |
| 13 | 98 | 2 |
| 14 | 98 | 2 |
| 15 | 98 | 2 |
| 16 | 98 | 2 |
| 17 | 99 | 1 |
| 18 | 99 | 1 |
| 19 | 99 | 1 |
| 20 | 99 | 1 |
| 21 | 99 | 1 |
| 22 | 99 | 1 |
| 23 | 99 | 1 |
| 24 | 99 | 1 |
| 25 | 99 | 1 |
| 26 | 99 | 1 |
| 27 | 99 | 1 |
| 28 | 99 | 1 |
| 29 | 99 | 1 |
| 30 | 99 | 1 |
| 31 | 99 | 1 |
Wind in August
Winds average 5 km/h in August.
Across August, daily wind ranges from about 5 km/h on the calmest days to 5 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5 | calm |
| 2 | 5 | calm |
| 3 | 5 | calm |
| 4 | 5 | calm |
| 5 | 5 | calm |
| 6 | 5 | calm |
| 7 | 5 | calm |
| 8 | 5 | calm |
| 9 | 5 | calm |
| 10 | 5 | calm |
| 11 | 5 | calm |
| 12 | 5 | calm |
| 13 | 5 | calm |
| 14 | 5 | calm |
| 15 | 5 | calm |
| 16 | 5 | calm |
| 17 | 5 | calm |
| 18 | 5 | calm |
| 19 | 5 | calm |
| 20 | 5 | calm |
| 21 | 5 | calm |
| 22 | 5 | calm |
| 23 | 5 | calm |
| 24 | 5 | calm |
| 25 | 5 | calm |
| 26 | 5 | calm |
| 27 | 5 | calm |
| 28 | 5 | calm |
| 29 | 5 | calm |
| 30 | 5 | calm |
| 31 | 5 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in August
Daylight runs from about 14 h 18 min at the start of August to 13 h 06 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 72 minutes over August. Sunrise moves from 5:50 AM to 6:22 AM, and sunset from 8:10 PM to 7:26 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 14.3 | 14.3 | 14.3 | 14.2 | 14.2 | 14.2 | 14.1 | 14.1 | 14.0 | 14.0 | 14.0 | 13.9 | 13.9 | 13.8 | 13.8 | 13.7 | 13.7 | 13.7 | 13.6 | 13.6 | 13.5 | 13.5 | 13.4 | 13.4 | 13.3 | 13.3 | 13.2 | 13.2 | 13.2 | 13.1 | 13.1 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 5:50 | 5:51 | 5:52 | 5:53 | 5:54 | 5:55 | 5:56 | 5:57 | 5:58 | 5:59 | 6:00 | 6:01 | 6:02 | 6:03 | 6:05 | 6:06 | 6:07 | 6:08 | 6:09 | 6:10 | 6:11 | 6:12 | 6:13 | 6:14 | 6:16 | 6:17 | 6:18 | 6:19 | 6:20 | 6:21 | 6:22 |
| Sunset (PM) | 8:10 | 8:09 | 8:08 | 8:07 | 8:05 | 8:04 | 8:03 | 8:02 | 8:00 | 7:59 | 7:57 | 7:56 | 7:55 | 7:53 | 7:52 | 7:50 | 7:49 | 7:47 | 7:46 | 7:44 | 7:42 | 7:41 | 7:39 | 7:38 | 7:36 | 7:34 | 7:33 | 7:31 | 7:29 | 7:27 | 7:26 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 14.3 | 5:50 | 8:10 |
| 2 | 14.3 | 5:51 | 8:09 |
| 3 | 14.3 | 5:52 | 8:08 |
| 4 | 14.2 | 5:53 | 8:07 |
| 5 | 14.2 | 5:54 | 8:05 |
| 6 | 14.2 | 5:55 | 8:04 |
| 7 | 14.1 | 5:56 | 8:03 |
| 8 | 14.1 | 5:57 | 8:02 |
| 9 | 14.0 | 5:58 | 8:00 |
| 10 | 14.0 | 5:59 | 7:59 |
| 11 | 14.0 | 6:00 | 7:57 |
| 12 | 13.9 | 6:01 | 7:56 |
| 13 | 13.9 | 6:02 | 7:55 |
| 14 | 13.8 | 6:03 | 7:53 |
| 15 | 13.8 | 6:05 | 7:52 |
| 16 | 13.7 | 6:06 | 7:50 |
| 17 | 13.7 | 6:07 | 7:49 |
| 18 | 13.7 | 6:08 | 7:47 |
| 19 | 13.6 | 6:09 | 7:46 |
| 20 | 13.6 | 6:10 | 7:44 |
| 21 | 13.5 | 6:11 | 7:42 |
| 22 | 13.5 | 6:12 | 7:41 |
| 23 | 13.4 | 6:13 | 7:39 |
| 24 | 13.4 | 6:14 | 7:38 |
| 25 | 13.3 | 6:16 | 7:36 |
| 26 | 13.3 | 6:17 | 7:34 |
| 27 | 13.2 | 6:18 | 7:33 |
| 28 | 13.2 | 6:19 | 7:31 |
| 29 | 13.2 | 6:20 | 7:29 |
| 30 | 13.1 | 6:21 | 7:27 |
| 31 | 13.1 | 6:22 | 7:26 |
Solar energy in August
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in August, about 5.92 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 1.94 kWh/m² to a high of 6.68 kWh/m² in July across the year — August's 5.92 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 5.4 |
| Level | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 2 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 3 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 4 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 5 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 6 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 7 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 8 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 9 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 10 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 11 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 12 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 13 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 14 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 15 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 16 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 17 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 18 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 19 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 20 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 21 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 22 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 23 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 24 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 25 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 26 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 27 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 28 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 29 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 30 | 5.4 | Bright |
| 31 | 5.4 | Bright |
Is August a good time to visit les Escaldes?
Our two travel scores rate August for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
August is a reasonable time to visit les Escaldes for sightseeing.
What to pack for les Escaldes in August
From August's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In August, les Escaldes sees daytime highs around 20°C and nights near 9°C. Worth packing: rain gear and sun protection. About 12 days see rain.
UV index in les Escaldes in August
Clear-sky midday UV in August peaks around 9 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in les Escaldes peaks around July 16 at about 10 (very high) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 20 at about 2 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 9 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 2 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 2 |
| Level | Low | Moderate | High | High | Very high | Very high | Extreme | Very high | High | Moderate | Moderate | Low |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 2 | Low |
| Feb | 3 | Moderate |
| Mar | 5 | High |
| Apr | 7 | High |
| May | 7 | Very high |
| Jun | 9 | Very high |
| Jul | 10 | Extreme |
| Aug | 9 | Very high |
| Sep | 6 | High |
| Oct | 4 | Moderate |
| Nov | 2 | Moderate |
| Dec | 2 | Low |
Where is les Escaldes?
les Escaldes sits at 42.5°N, 1.5°E, 1,033 m above sea level, in Andorra. The nearest listed city is Andorra la Vella, 1.0 km away.
Topography around les Escaldes
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of les Escaldes.
Within 3 km, the terrain around les Escaldes has very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,477 m around an average of 1,520 m above sea level; within 16 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 2,201 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 3,138 m.
The land around les Escaldes is covered by trees (84%) within 3 km, trees (55%) and grassland (31%) within 16 km, and trees (62%) and grassland (26%) within 80 km.
Andorra travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 1
- Exercise Normal Precautions
- Power plugs
- Type C / F
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 68% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $54,292
- 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 91%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 2.6
- per 100k, 2020
- Road deaths
- 7.6
- per 100k/yr, 2013
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for les Escaldes (42.5073°, 1.5341°, elevation 1,033 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).