Caucete weather in October
In October, Caucete sees average daytime highs of 27°C and overnight lows near 13°C, with 23 mm of rain across 3.8 wet days and about 12.8 hours of daylight. It is the 6th-warmest and 7th-wettest month of the year here.
Highs climb over the month, from about 25°C in the first days to 28°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 69% of the time in October, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 12 h 18 min at the start of October to 13 h 12 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, October is Caucete's 4th-clearest and 2nd-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Caucete's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 27°
- 6th warmest
- Overnight low
- 13°
- 7th coldest
- Rainfall
- 23 mm
- 3.8 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 h 48 min
- 6:54 AM – 7:42 PM
- Cloud cover
- 31%
- 4th clearest
- Wind
- 10 km/h
- 2nd windiest
- Solar energy
- 6.7 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 8.0
- out of 10
Caucete is city and capital of the Caucete departament, province of San Juan, Argentina.
- Density
- 4/km²
- people per km²
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in October
Highs climb over the month, from about 25°C in the first days to 28°C by the end.
A typical October day in Caucete reaches about 27°C in the afternoon and slips back to 13°C overnight — a 14°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 20°C and 33°C. Set against its neighbours, October runs about 4°C warmer than September and about 3°C cooler than November.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 |
| Avg low (°C) | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 15 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 25 | 11 |
| 2 | 25 | 11 |
| 3 | 25 | 11 |
| 4 | 25 | 11 |
| 5 | 25 | 12 |
| 6 | 25 | 12 |
| 7 | 25 | 12 |
| 8 | 26 | 12 |
| 9 | 26 | 12 |
| 10 | 26 | 12 |
| 11 | 26 | 12 |
| 12 | 26 | 13 |
| 13 | 26 | 13 |
| 14 | 27 | 13 |
| 15 | 27 | 13 |
| 16 | 27 | 13 |
| 17 | 27 | 13 |
| 18 | 27 | 13 |
| 19 | 27 | 13 |
| 20 | 27 | 14 |
| 21 | 27 | 14 |
| 22 | 28 | 14 |
| 23 | 28 | 14 |
| 24 | 28 | 14 |
| 25 | 28 | 14 |
| 26 | 28 | 14 |
| 27 | 28 | 14 |
| 28 | 28 | 14 |
| 29 | 28 | 14 |
| 30 | 28 | 15 |
| 31 | 28 | 15 |
How October really feels in Caucete
Once humidity and wind are folded in, October averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
October sits comfortably in between — no days that feel dangerously hot or drop to a hard freeze once humidity and wind are folded in.
Caucete weather by month
How October compares with the rest of the year at a glance. October is the 6th-warmest and 7th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 33° / 20° | 69 | 11.5 | 13.8 | 3.7 |
| Feb | 31° / 19° | 55 | 8.6 | 13.2 | 4.7 |
| Mar | 29° / 17° | 46 | 7.5 | 12.2 | 6.5 |
| Apr | 24° / 12° | 24 | 4.1 | 11.2 | 8.3 |
| May | 20° / 7° | 13 | 3 | 10.4 | 7.6 |
| Jun | 17° / 4° | 6 | 1.4 | 10 | 6.8 |
| Jul | 16° / 3° | 7 | 2 | 10.1 | 6.5 |
| Aug | 19° / 5° | 9 | 2.1 | 10.8 | 7.9 |
| Sep | 23° / 9° | 16 | 2.9 | 11.8 | 8.5 |
| Oct | 27° / 13° | 23 | 3.8 | 12.8 | 8.0 |
| Nov | 30° / 16° | 34 | 6.2 | 13.6 | 5.8 |
| Dec | 32° / 19° | 53 | 8.6 | 14 | 4.3 |
Cloud cover in October
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 69% of the time in October.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 12% of October, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 19%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 80 | 80 | 80 | 80 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 80 | 80 | 80 | 81 | 81 | 81 | 81 | 82 | 82 | 82 | 82 | 83 | 83 | 83 | 83 | 83 | 83 | 83 | 83 | 83 | 83 | 83 |
| Cloudier (%) | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 80 | 20 |
| 2 | 80 | 20 |
| 3 | 80 | 20 |
| 4 | 80 | 20 |
| 5 | 79 | 21 |
| 6 | 79 | 21 |
| 7 | 79 | 21 |
| 8 | 79 | 21 |
| 9 | 79 | 21 |
| 10 | 80 | 20 |
| 11 | 80 | 20 |
| 12 | 80 | 20 |
| 13 | 81 | 19 |
| 14 | 81 | 19 |
| 15 | 81 | 19 |
| 16 | 81 | 19 |
| 17 | 82 | 18 |
| 18 | 82 | 18 |
| 19 | 82 | 18 |
| 20 | 82 | 18 |
| 21 | 83 | 17 |
| 22 | 83 | 17 |
| 23 | 83 | 17 |
| 24 | 83 | 17 |
| 25 | 83 | 17 |
| 26 | 83 | 17 |
| 27 | 83 | 17 |
| 28 | 83 | 17 |
| 29 | 83 | 17 |
| 30 | 83 | 17 |
| 31 | 83 | 17 |
Chance of precipitation in October
Caucete gets around 23 mm of rain over 3.8 wet days in October. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 12% and peaks near 15% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 15 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 10 |
| 2 | 10 |
| 3 | 10 |
| 4 | 10 |
| 5 | 10 |
| 6 | 11 |
| 7 | 11 |
| 8 | 11 |
| 9 | 11 |
| 10 | 12 |
| 11 | 12 |
| 12 | 12 |
| 13 | 12 |
| 14 | 12 |
| 15 | 12 |
| 16 | 12 |
| 17 | 12 |
| 18 | 12 |
| 19 | 12 |
| 20 | 13 |
| 21 | 13 |
| 22 | 13 |
| 23 | 13 |
| 24 | 13 |
| 25 | 13 |
| 26 | 14 |
| 27 | 14 |
| 28 | 14 |
| 29 | 15 |
| 30 | 15 |
| 31 | 15 |
Humidity in October
Most of October feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, October lands in the dry band about 97% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 94 |
| Comfortable (%) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 99 | 1 |
| 2 | 99 | 1 |
| 3 | 99 | 1 |
| 4 | 99 | 1 |
| 5 | 99 | 1 |
| 6 | 98 | 2 |
| 7 | 98 | 2 |
| 8 | 98 | 2 |
| 9 | 98 | 2 |
| 10 | 97 | 3 |
| 11 | 97 | 3 |
| 12 | 97 | 3 |
| 13 | 97 | 3 |
| 14 | 97 | 3 |
| 15 | 97 | 3 |
| 16 | 96 | 4 |
| 17 | 96 | 4 |
| 18 | 96 | 4 |
| 19 | 96 | 4 |
| 20 | 96 | 4 |
| 21 | 96 | 4 |
| 22 | 96 | 4 |
| 23 | 96 | 4 |
| 24 | 96 | 4 |
| 25 | 96 | 4 |
| 26 | 96 | 4 |
| 27 | 95 | 5 |
| 28 | 95 | 5 |
| 29 | 95 | 5 |
| 30 | 95 | 5 |
| 31 | 94 | 6 |
Wind in October
Winds average 10 km/h in October.
Across October, daily wind ranges from about 9 km/h on the calmest days to 10 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 9 | calm |
| 2 | 9 | calm |
| 3 | 9 | calm |
| 4 | 9 | calm |
| 5 | 9 | calm |
| 6 | 9 | calm |
| 7 | 9 | calm |
| 8 | 9 | calm |
| 9 | 9 | calm |
| 10 | 9 | calm |
| 11 | 9 | calm |
| 12 | 9 | calm |
| 13 | 9 | calm |
| 14 | 9 | calm |
| 15 | 9 | calm |
| 16 | 9 | calm |
| 17 | 10 | calm |
| 18 | 10 | calm |
| 19 | 10 | calm |
| 20 | 10 | calm |
| 21 | 10 | calm |
| 22 | 10 | calm |
| 23 | 10 | calm |
| 24 | 10 | calm |
| 25 | 10 | calm |
| 26 | 10 | calm |
| 27 | 10 | calm |
| 28 | 10 | calm |
| 29 | 10 | calm |
| 30 | 10 | calm |
| 31 | 10 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in October
Daylight runs from about 12 h 18 min at the start of October to 13 h 12 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 54 minutes over October. Sunrise moves from 7:13 AM to 6:40 AM, and sunset from 7:31 PM to 7:54 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 13.1 | 13.1 | 13.1 | 13.2 | 13.2 | 13.2 | 13.2 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 7:13 | 7:12 | 7:10 | 7:09 | 7:08 | 7:06 | 7:05 | 7:04 | 7:03 | 7:02 | 7:00 | 6:59 | 6:58 | 6:57 | 6:56 | 6:54 | 6:53 | 6:52 | 6:51 | 6:50 | 6:49 | 6:48 | 6:47 | 6:46 | 6:45 | 6:44 | 6:43 | 6:42 | 6:41 | 6:40 | 6:40 |
| Sunset (PM) | 7:31 | 7:32 | 7:33 | 7:33 | 7:34 | 7:35 | 7:35 | 7:36 | 7:37 | 7:37 | 7:38 | 7:39 | 7:40 | 7:40 | 7:41 | 7:42 | 7:43 | 7:43 | 7:44 | 7:45 | 7:46 | 7:46 | 7:47 | 7:48 | 7:49 | 7:50 | 7:50 | 7:51 | 7:52 | 7:53 | 7:54 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12.3 | 7:13 | 7:31 |
| 2 | 12.3 | 7:12 | 7:32 |
| 3 | 12.4 | 7:10 | 7:33 |
| 4 | 12.4 | 7:09 | 7:33 |
| 5 | 12.4 | 7:08 | 7:34 |
| 6 | 12.5 | 7:06 | 7:35 |
| 7 | 12.5 | 7:05 | 7:35 |
| 8 | 12.5 | 7:04 | 7:36 |
| 9 | 12.6 | 7:03 | 7:37 |
| 10 | 12.6 | 7:02 | 7:37 |
| 11 | 12.6 | 7:00 | 7:38 |
| 12 | 12.7 | 6:59 | 7:39 |
| 13 | 12.7 | 6:58 | 7:40 |
| 14 | 12.7 | 6:57 | 7:40 |
| 15 | 12.8 | 6:56 | 7:41 |
| 16 | 12.8 | 6:54 | 7:42 |
| 17 | 12.8 | 6:53 | 7:43 |
| 18 | 12.9 | 6:52 | 7:43 |
| 19 | 12.9 | 6:51 | 7:44 |
| 20 | 12.9 | 6:50 | 7:45 |
| 21 | 12.9 | 6:49 | 7:46 |
| 22 | 13.0 | 6:48 | 7:46 |
| 23 | 13.0 | 6:47 | 7:47 |
| 24 | 13.0 | 6:46 | 7:48 |
| 25 | 13.1 | 6:45 | 7:49 |
| 26 | 13.1 | 6:44 | 7:50 |
| 27 | 13.1 | 6:43 | 7:50 |
| 28 | 13.2 | 6:42 | 7:51 |
| 29 | 13.2 | 6:41 | 7:52 |
| 30 | 13.2 | 6:40 | 7:53 |
| 31 | 13.2 | 6:40 | 7:54 |
Solar energy in October
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in October, about 6.7 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 3.09 kWh/m² to a high of 7.88 kWh/m² in December across the year — October's 6.7 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.1 | 7.1 | 7.1 | 7.2 | 7.2 |
| Level | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 2 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 3 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 4 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 5 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 6 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 7 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 8 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 9 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 10 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 11 | 6.6 | Intense |
| 12 | 6.6 | Intense |
| 13 | 6.6 | Intense |
| 14 | 6.7 | Intense |
| 15 | 6.7 | Intense |
| 16 | 6.8 | Intense |
| 17 | 6.8 | Intense |
| 18 | 6.8 | Intense |
| 19 | 6.8 | Intense |
| 20 | 6.9 | Intense |
| 21 | 6.9 | Intense |
| 22 | 6.9 | Intense |
| 23 | 7.0 | Intense |
| 24 | 7.0 | Intense |
| 25 | 7.0 | Intense |
| 26 | 7.0 | Intense |
| 27 | 7.1 | Intense |
| 28 | 7.1 | Intense |
| 29 | 7.1 | Intense |
| 30 | 7.2 | Intense |
| 31 | 7.2 | Intense |
Is October a good time to visit Caucete?
Our two travel scores rate October for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
October is one of the better times to visit Caucete for general sightseeing. The water and warmth also suit a beach or pool day.
What to pack for Caucete in October
From October's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In October, Caucete sees daytime highs around 27°C and nights near 13°C. Pack sun protection. Worth having: light clothes. About 4 days see rain.
UV index in Caucete in October
Clear-sky midday UV in October peaks around 11 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Caucete peaks around January 18 at about 14 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near June 21 at about 3 (moderate).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 14 | 13 | 11 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 11 | 12 | 13 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | High | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | High | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 14 | Extreme |
| Feb | 13 | Extreme |
| Mar | 11 | Extreme |
| Apr | 6 | High |
| May | 4 | Moderate |
| Jun | 3 | Moderate |
| Jul | 4 | Moderate |
| Aug | 5 | Moderate |
| Sep | 7 | High |
| Oct | 11 | Extreme |
| Nov | 12 | Extreme |
| Dec | 13 | Extreme |
Where is Caucete?
Caucete sits at 31.7°S, 68.3°W, 592 m above sea level, in Argentina. The nearest listed city is Santa Lucía, 24 km away.
Topography around Caucete
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Caucete.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Caucete has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 9 m around an average of 574 m above sea level; within 16 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 827 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 3,665 m.
The land around Caucete is covered by cropland (40%) and shrubs (23%) within 3 km, shrubs (51%) and cropland (24%) within 16 km, and shrubs (51%) and bare terrain (31%) within 80 km.
Argentina travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 1
- Exercise Normal Precautions
- Power plugs
- Type C / I
- 220 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 46% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $14,898
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.4 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Homicide rate
- 4.5
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 14.1
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- High
- EF EPI 575
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Caucete (-31.6515°, -68.2822°, elevation 592 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).