El Chalten weather in March
In March, El Chalten sees average daytime highs of 7°C and overnight lows near -1°C, with 250 mm of precipitation across 20.9 wet days and about 12.5 hours of daylight. It is the 3rd-warmest and 5th-wettest month of the year here.
Highs ease over the month, from about 8°C in the first days to 6°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 11% of the time in March, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 13 h 24 min at the start of March to 11 h 30 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, March is El Chalten's 3rd-clearest and 5th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see El Chalten's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 7°
- 3rd warmest
- Overnight low
- -1°
- 10th coldest
- Precipitation
- 250 mm
- 20.9 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 h 30 min
- 7:48 AM – 8:15 PM
- Cloud cover
- 75%
- 3rd clearest
- Wind
- 8 km/h
- 5th windiest
- Solar energy
- 3.87 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 0.5
- out of 10
Temperature in March
Highs ease over the month, from about 8°C in the first days to 6°C by the end.
A typical March day in El Chalten reaches about 7°C in the afternoon and slips back to -1°C overnight — a 7°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 2°C and 11°C. Set against its neighbours, March runs about 2°C cooler than February and about 3°C warmer than April.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 |
| Avg low (°C) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -2 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 8 | 1 |
| 2 | 8 | 1 |
| 3 | 8 | 1 |
| 4 | 8 | 0 |
| 5 | 8 | 0 |
| 6 | 7 | 0 |
| 7 | 7 | 0 |
| 8 | 7 | 0 |
| 9 | 7 | 0 |
| 10 | 7 | 0 |
| 11 | 7 | 0 |
| 12 | 7 | 0 |
| 13 | 7 | 0 |
| 14 | 7 | 0 |
| 15 | 7 | 0 |
| 16 | 7 | 0 |
| 17 | 6 | -1 |
| 18 | 6 | -1 |
| 19 | 6 | -1 |
| 20 | 6 | -1 |
| 21 | 6 | -1 |
| 22 | 6 | -1 |
| 23 | 6 | -1 |
| 24 | 6 | -1 |
| 25 | 6 | -1 |
| 26 | 6 | -1 |
| 27 | 6 | -1 |
| 28 | 6 | -1 |
| 29 | 6 | -1 |
| 30 | 6 | -1 |
| 31 | 5 | -2 |
How March really feels in El Chalten
Once humidity and wind are folded in, March averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 31 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
The story in March is cold — wind chill drags the overnight "feels like" below the raw low.
El Chalten weather by month
How March compares with the rest of the year at a glance. March is the 3rd-warmest and 5th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 7° / 1° | 252 | 22.8 | 19.5 | 15.6 | 0.8 |
| Feb | 8° / 1° | 202 | 17.8 | 13.6 | 14.2 | 1.1 |
| Mar | 7° / -1° | 250 | 20.9 | 17.3 | 12.5 | 0.5 |
| Apr | 4° / -3° | 268 | 20.4 | 18.8 | 10.6 | 0.0 |
| May | 1° / -4° | 265 | 20.3 | 20 | 8.9 | 0.0 |
| Jun | -2° / -7° | 221 | 19.7 | 20.6 | 8 | 0.0 |
| Jul | -2° / -7° | 219 | 19.9 | 20.8 | 8.4 | 0.0 |
| Aug | -1° / -6° | 215 | 20.4 | 21.4 | 9.8 | 0.0 |
| Sep | 1° / -5° | 179 | 19.2 | 20.5 | 11.6 | 0.0 |
| Oct | 3° / -4° | 228 | 19.9 | 20.4 | 13.5 | 0.0 |
| Nov | 4° / -2° | 234 | 21 | 21 | 15.1 | 0.0 |
| Dec | 6° / -1° | 262 | 22.8 | 20.7 | 16 | 0.2 |
Cloud cover in March
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 11% of the time in March.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 13% of March, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 76%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 24 | 24 | 23 | 23 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 |
| Cloudier (%) | 74 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 76 | 76 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 76 | 76 | 77 | 77 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 75 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 26 | 74 |
| 2 | 26 | 74 |
| 3 | 26 | 74 |
| 4 | 26 | 74 |
| 5 | 26 | 74 |
| 6 | 25 | 75 |
| 7 | 25 | 75 |
| 8 | 25 | 75 |
| 9 | 25 | 75 |
| 10 | 25 | 75 |
| 11 | 24 | 76 |
| 12 | 24 | 76 |
| 13 | 25 | 75 |
| 14 | 25 | 75 |
| 15 | 25 | 75 |
| 16 | 25 | 75 |
| 17 | 24 | 76 |
| 18 | 24 | 76 |
| 19 | 23 | 77 |
| 20 | 23 | 77 |
| 21 | 24 | 76 |
| 22 | 24 | 76 |
| 23 | 24 | 76 |
| 24 | 24 | 76 |
| 25 | 24 | 76 |
| 26 | 24 | 76 |
| 27 | 25 | 75 |
| 28 | 25 | 75 |
| 29 | 25 | 75 |
| 30 | 25 | 75 |
| 31 | 25 | 75 |
Chance of precipitation in March
El Chalten gets around 250 mm of rain and snow over 20.9 wet days in March. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 67% and peaks near 69% on the wettest days, and about 17 days bring snow.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 67 | 68 | 68 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 68 | 68 | 67 | 67 | 67 | 66 | 66 | 66 | 66 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 65 |
| Snow chance (%) | 50 | 51 | 52 | 53 | 53 | 54 | 55 | 56 | 56 | 56 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 56 | 56 | 56 | 56 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 |
| Rain chance (%) | Snow chance (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 67 | 50 |
| 2 | 68 | 51 |
| 3 | 68 | 52 |
| 4 | 69 | 53 |
| 5 | 69 | 53 |
| 6 | 69 | 54 |
| 7 | 69 | 55 |
| 8 | 69 | 56 |
| 9 | 69 | 56 |
| 10 | 69 | 56 |
| 11 | 69 | 57 |
| 12 | 69 | 57 |
| 13 | 69 | 57 |
| 14 | 68 | 57 |
| 15 | 68 | 57 |
| 16 | 67 | 57 |
| 17 | 67 | 57 |
| 18 | 67 | 57 |
| 19 | 66 | 56 |
| 20 | 66 | 56 |
| 21 | 66 | 56 |
| 22 | 66 | 56 |
| 23 | 65 | 55 |
| 24 | 65 | 55 |
| 25 | 65 | 55 |
| 26 | 65 | 55 |
| 27 | 65 | 55 |
| 28 | 65 | 55 |
| 29 | 65 | 55 |
| 30 | 65 | 55 |
| 31 | 65 | 55 |
Humidity in March
Most of March feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, March lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
| 29 | 100 |
| 30 | 100 |
| 31 | 100 |
Wind in March
Winds average 8 km/h in March.
Across March, daily wind ranges from about 8 km/h on the calmest days to 8 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 8 | calm |
| 2 | 8 | calm |
| 3 | 8 | calm |
| 4 | 8 | calm |
| 5 | 8 | calm |
| 6 | 8 | calm |
| 7 | 8 | calm |
| 8 | 8 | calm |
| 9 | 8 | calm |
| 10 | 8 | calm |
| 11 | 8 | calm |
| 12 | 8 | calm |
| 13 | 8 | calm |
| 14 | 8 | calm |
| 15 | 8 | calm |
| 16 | 8 | calm |
| 17 | 8 | calm |
| 18 | 8 | calm |
| 19 | 8 | calm |
| 20 | 8 | calm |
| 21 | 8 | calm |
| 22 | 8 | calm |
| 23 | 8 | calm |
| 24 | 8 | calm |
| 25 | 8 | calm |
| 26 | 8 | calm |
| 27 | 8 | calm |
| 28 | 8 | calm |
| 29 | 8 | calm |
| 30 | 8 | calm |
| 31 | 8 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in March
Daylight runs from about 13 h 24 min at the start of March to 11 h 30 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 114 minutes over March. Sunrise moves from 7:23 AM to 8:11 AM, and sunset from 8:46 PM to 7:42 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 13.4 | 13.3 | 13.3 | 13.2 | 13.1 | 13.1 | 13.0 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.7 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.4 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.2 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 11.9 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.7 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.5 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 7:23 | 7:25 | 7:27 | 7:28 | 7:30 | 7:32 | 7:33 | 7:35 | 7:36 | 7:38 | 7:40 | 7:41 | 7:43 | 7:44 | 7:46 | 7:48 | 7:49 | 7:51 | 7:52 | 7:54 | 7:55 | 7:57 | 7:59 | 8:00 | 8:02 | 8:03 | 8:05 | 8:06 | 8:08 | 8:10 | 8:11 |
| Sunset (PM) | 8:46 | 8:44 | 8:42 | 8:40 | 8:38 | 8:36 | 8:34 | 8:32 | 8:30 | 8:28 | 8:26 | 8:23 | 8:21 | 8:19 | 8:17 | 8:15 | 8:13 | 8:10 | 8:08 | 8:06 | 8:04 | 8:02 | 8:00 | 7:57 | 7:55 | 7:53 | 7:51 | 7:49 | 7:46 | 7:44 | 7:42 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 13.4 | 7:23 | 8:46 |
| 2 | 13.3 | 7:25 | 8:44 |
| 3 | 13.3 | 7:27 | 8:42 |
| 4 | 13.2 | 7:28 | 8:40 |
| 5 | 13.1 | 7:30 | 8:38 |
| 6 | 13.1 | 7:32 | 8:36 |
| 7 | 13.0 | 7:33 | 8:34 |
| 8 | 12.9 | 7:35 | 8:32 |
| 9 | 12.9 | 7:36 | 8:30 |
| 10 | 12.8 | 7:38 | 8:28 |
| 11 | 12.8 | 7:40 | 8:26 |
| 12 | 12.7 | 7:41 | 8:23 |
| 13 | 12.6 | 7:43 | 8:21 |
| 14 | 12.6 | 7:44 | 8:19 |
| 15 | 12.5 | 7:46 | 8:17 |
| 16 | 12.5 | 7:48 | 8:15 |
| 17 | 12.4 | 7:49 | 8:13 |
| 18 | 12.3 | 7:51 | 8:10 |
| 19 | 12.3 | 7:52 | 8:08 |
| 20 | 12.2 | 7:54 | 8:06 |
| 21 | 12.1 | 7:55 | 8:04 |
| 22 | 12.1 | 7:57 | 8:02 |
| 23 | 12.0 | 7:59 | 8:00 |
| 24 | 12.0 | 8:00 | 7:57 |
| 25 | 11.9 | 8:02 | 7:55 |
| 26 | 11.8 | 8:03 | 7:53 |
| 27 | 11.8 | 8:05 | 7:51 |
| 28 | 11.7 | 8:06 | 7:49 |
| 29 | 11.6 | 8:08 | 7:46 |
| 30 | 11.6 | 8:10 | 7:44 |
| 31 | 11.5 | 8:11 | 7:42 |
Solar energy in March
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in March, about 3.87 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 0.97 kWh/m² to a high of 7.27 kWh/m² in December across the year — March's 3.87 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 4.7 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.1 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 2 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 3 | 4.5 | Bright |
| 4 | 4.5 | Bright |
| 5 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 6 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 7 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 8 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 9 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 10 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 11 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 12 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 13 | 4.0 | Bright |
| 14 | 4.0 | Moderate |
| 15 | 3.9 | Moderate |
| 16 | 3.9 | Moderate |
| 17 | 3.8 | Moderate |
| 18 | 3.8 | Moderate |
| 19 | 3.7 | Moderate |
| 20 | 3.7 | Moderate |
| 21 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 22 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 23 | 3.5 | Moderate |
| 24 | 3.5 | Moderate |
| 25 | 3.4 | Moderate |
| 26 | 3.4 | Moderate |
| 27 | 3.3 | Moderate |
| 28 | 3.3 | Moderate |
| 29 | 3.2 | Moderate |
| 30 | 3.2 | Moderate |
| 31 | 3.1 | Moderate |
Is March a good time to visit El Chalten?
Our two travel scores rate March for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
March is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in El Chalten.
What to pack for El Chalten in March
From March's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In March, El Chalten sees daytime highs around 7°C and nights near -1°C. Pack a warm layer and rain gear. Worth having: a heavy coat. About 21 days see rain.
UV index in El Chalten in March
Clear-sky midday UV in March peaks around 6 — enough to warrant sun protection. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in El Chalten peaks around December 23 at about 12 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near June 19 at about 1 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 8 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 12 | 11 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 8 | 13 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | High | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | High | Very high | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 12 | Extreme |
| Feb | 11 | Extreme |
| Mar | 6 | High |
| Apr | 3 | Moderate |
| May | 2 | Low |
| Jun | 1 | Low |
| Jul | 1 | Low |
| Aug | 2 | Low |
| Sep | 4 | Moderate |
| Oct | 7 | High |
| Nov | 8 | Very high |
| Dec | 13 | Extreme |
Where is El Chalten?
El Chalten sits at 49.3°S, 72.9°W, 0 m above sea level, in Argentina. The nearest listed city is El Calafate, 121 km away.
Topography around El Chalten
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of El Chalten.
Within 3 km, the terrain around El Chalten has significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 458 m around an average of 530 m above sea level; within 16 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 2,616 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 3,553 m.
The land around El Chalten is covered by grassland (57%) and trees (23%) within 3 km, bare terrain (37%) and grassland (29%) within 16 km, and snow and ice (32%), grassland (25%) and bare terrain (23%) within 80 km.
Argentina travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 1
- Exercise Normal Precautions
- Power plugs
- Type C / I
- 220 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 46% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $14,898
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.4 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Homicide rate
- 4.5
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 14.1
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- High
- EF EPI 575
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for El Chalten (-49.3299°, -72.886°, elevation 0 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).