Las Heras weather in December
In December, Las Heras sees average daytime highs of 23°C and overnight lows near 11°C, with 13 mm of rain across 3.2 wet days and about 15.6 hours of daylight. It is the 3rd-warmest and 11th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 23°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 34% of the time in December, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 15 h 24 min at the start of December to 15 h 36 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, December is Las Heras's 6th-clearest and 1st-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Las Heras's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 23°
- 3rd warmest
- Overnight low
- 11°
- 10th coldest
- Rainfall
- 13 mm
- 3.2 wet days
- Daylight
- 15 h 36 min
- 5:44 AM – 9:20 PM
- Cloud cover
- 51%
- 6th clearest
- Wind
- 25 km/h
- 1st windiest
- Solar energy
- 8.04 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 8.1
- out of 10
Las Heras is city in Santa Cruz, Argentina.
- Density
- 194/km²
- people per km²
- Founded
- 1914
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in December
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 23°C through the month.
A typical December day in Las Heras reaches about 23°C in the afternoon and slips back to 11°C overnight — a 12°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 18°C and 29°C. Set against its neighbours, December runs about 2°C warmer than November and about 2°C cooler than January.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 22 | 22 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 |
| Avg low (°C) | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 22 | 10 |
| 2 | 22 | 10 |
| 3 | 23 | 10 |
| 4 | 23 | 10 |
| 5 | 23 | 10 |
| 6 | 23 | 10 |
| 7 | 23 | 10 |
| 8 | 23 | 11 |
| 9 | 23 | 11 |
| 10 | 23 | 11 |
| 11 | 23 | 11 |
| 12 | 23 | 11 |
| 13 | 23 | 11 |
| 14 | 23 | 11 |
| 15 | 23 | 11 |
| 16 | 23 | 11 |
| 17 | 23 | 11 |
| 18 | 23 | 11 |
| 19 | 23 | 11 |
| 20 | 23 | 11 |
| 21 | 23 | 11 |
| 22 | 23 | 11 |
| 23 | 23 | 11 |
| 24 | 24 | 11 |
| 25 | 24 | 11 |
| 26 | 24 | 11 |
| 27 | 24 | 11 |
| 28 | 24 | 11 |
| 29 | 24 | 12 |
| 30 | 24 | 12 |
| 31 | 24 | 12 |
How December really feels in Las Heras
Once humidity and wind are folded in, December averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
December sits comfortably in between — no days that feel dangerously hot or drop to a hard freeze once humidity and wind are folded in.
Las Heras weather by month
How December compares with the rest of the year at a glance. December is the 3rd-warmest and 11th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 25° / 12° | 8 | 2.5 | 0 | 15.2 | 8.3 |
| Feb | 24° / 12° | 14 | 2.6 | 0 | 14 | 8.3 |
| Mar | 21° / 10° | 17 | 3.1 | 0 | 12.4 | 7.7 |
| Apr | 16° / 6° | 17 | 3.9 | 0.1 | 10.7 | 6.1 |
| May | 11° / 3° | 24 | 4.8 | 1 | 9.2 | 3.4 |
| Jun | 7° / 0° | 27 | 5.8 | 2.5 | 8.4 | 1.2 |
| Jul | 7° / -0° | 18 | 4.5 | 2.3 | 8.8 | 1.2 |
| Aug | 10° / 1° | 20 | 5.1 | 1.6 | 10 | 2.7 |
| Sep | 14° / 4° | 19 | 4.7 | 0.8 | 11.6 | 4.6 |
| Oct | 18° / 6° | 15 | 3.8 | 0.3 | 13.3 | 6.7 |
| Nov | 21° / 9° | 16 | 2.9 | 0 | 14.8 | 7.6 |
| Dec | 23° / 11° | 13 | 3.2 | 0 | 15.6 | 8.1 |
Cloud cover in December
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 34% of the time in December.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 25% of December, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 41%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 59 | 59 | 59 | 59 | 59 | 59 | 59 | 59 | 59 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 59 | 59 | 59 | 59 | 59 | 60 | 61 | 61 | 62 | 62 |
| Cloudier (%) | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 40 | 39 | 39 | 38 | 38 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 57 | 43 |
| 2 | 57 | 43 |
| 3 | 57 | 43 |
| 4 | 57 | 43 |
| 5 | 58 | 42 |
| 6 | 58 | 42 |
| 7 | 58 | 42 |
| 8 | 59 | 41 |
| 9 | 59 | 41 |
| 10 | 59 | 41 |
| 11 | 59 | 41 |
| 12 | 59 | 41 |
| 13 | 59 | 41 |
| 14 | 59 | 41 |
| 15 | 59 | 41 |
| 16 | 59 | 41 |
| 17 | 58 | 42 |
| 18 | 58 | 42 |
| 19 | 58 | 42 |
| 20 | 58 | 42 |
| 21 | 58 | 42 |
| 22 | 59 | 41 |
| 23 | 59 | 41 |
| 24 | 59 | 41 |
| 25 | 59 | 41 |
| 26 | 59 | 41 |
| 27 | 60 | 40 |
| 28 | 61 | 39 |
| 29 | 61 | 39 |
| 30 | 62 | 38 |
| 31 | 62 | 38 |
Chance of precipitation in December
Las Heras gets around 13 mm of rain over 3.2 wet days in December. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 10% and peaks near 10% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 10 |
| 2 | 10 |
| 3 | 10 |
| 4 | 10 |
| 5 | 10 |
| 6 | 10 |
| 7 | 10 |
| 8 | 10 |
| 9 | 10 |
| 10 | 10 |
| 11 | 9 |
| 12 | 9 |
| 13 | 9 |
| 14 | 9 |
| 15 | 9 |
| 16 | 9 |
| 17 | 9 |
| 18 | 10 |
| 19 | 10 |
| 20 | 10 |
| 21 | 10 |
| 22 | 10 |
| 23 | 10 |
| 24 | 10 |
| 25 | 10 |
| 26 | 10 |
| 27 | 10 |
| 28 | 10 |
| 29 | 10 |
| 30 | 10 |
| 31 | 10 |
Humidity in December
Most of December feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, December lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
| 29 | 100 |
| 30 | 100 |
| 31 | 100 |
Wind in December
Winds average 25 km/h in December, the windiest month of the year.
Across December, daily wind ranges from about 25 km/h on the calmest days to 26 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 |
| Feels | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 25 | breezy |
| 2 | 25 | breezy |
| 3 | 25 | breezy |
| 4 | 25 | breezy |
| 5 | 25 | breezy |
| 6 | 25 | breezy |
| 7 | 25 | breezy |
| 8 | 25 | breezy |
| 9 | 25 | breezy |
| 10 | 25 | breezy |
| 11 | 25 | breezy |
| 12 | 25 | breezy |
| 13 | 25 | breezy |
| 14 | 25 | breezy |
| 15 | 26 | breezy |
| 16 | 26 | breezy |
| 17 | 26 | breezy |
| 18 | 26 | breezy |
| 19 | 26 | breezy |
| 20 | 26 | breezy |
| 21 | 26 | breezy |
| 22 | 26 | breezy |
| 23 | 26 | breezy |
| 24 | 26 | breezy |
| 25 | 26 | breezy |
| 26 | 26 | breezy |
| 27 | 26 | breezy |
| 28 | 26 | breezy |
| 29 | 26 | breezy |
| 30 | 26 | breezy |
| 31 | 26 | breezy |
Sunrise & sunset in December
Daylight runs from about 15 h 24 min at the start of December to 15 h 36 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 12 minutes over December. Sunrise moves from 5:45 AM to 5:52 AM, and sunset from 9:06 PM to 9:26 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 15.4 | 15.4 | 15.4 | 15.4 | 15.4 | 15.5 | 15.5 | 15.5 | 15.5 | 15.5 | 15.6 | 15.6 | 15.6 | 15.6 | 15.6 | 15.6 | 15.6 | 15.6 | 15.6 | 15.6 | 15.6 | 15.6 | 15.6 | 15.6 | 15.6 | 15.6 | 15.6 | 15.6 | 15.6 | 15.6 | 15.6 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 5:45 | 5:45 | 5:44 | 5:44 | 5:44 | 5:43 | 5:43 | 5:43 | 5:43 | 5:43 | 5:43 | 5:43 | 5:43 | 5:43 | 5:43 | 5:44 | 5:44 | 5:44 | 5:45 | 5:45 | 5:45 | 5:46 | 5:46 | 5:47 | 5:47 | 5:48 | 5:49 | 5:49 | 5:50 | 5:51 | 5:52 |
| Sunset (PM) | 9:06 | 9:07 | 9:08 | 9:09 | 9:10 | 9:11 | 9:12 | 9:13 | 9:14 | 9:15 | 9:16 | 9:17 | 9:18 | 9:19 | 9:19 | 9:20 | 9:21 | 9:21 | 9:22 | 9:23 | 9:23 | 9:24 | 9:24 | 9:24 | 9:25 | 9:25 | 9:25 | 9:26 | 9:26 | 9:26 | 9:26 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 15.4 | 5:45 | 9:06 |
| 2 | 15.4 | 5:45 | 9:07 |
| 3 | 15.4 | 5:44 | 9:08 |
| 4 | 15.4 | 5:44 | 9:09 |
| 5 | 15.4 | 5:44 | 9:10 |
| 6 | 15.5 | 5:43 | 9:11 |
| 7 | 15.5 | 5:43 | 9:12 |
| 8 | 15.5 | 5:43 | 9:13 |
| 9 | 15.5 | 5:43 | 9:14 |
| 10 | 15.5 | 5:43 | 9:15 |
| 11 | 15.6 | 5:43 | 9:16 |
| 12 | 15.6 | 5:43 | 9:17 |
| 13 | 15.6 | 5:43 | 9:18 |
| 14 | 15.6 | 5:43 | 9:19 |
| 15 | 15.6 | 5:43 | 9:19 |
| 16 | 15.6 | 5:44 | 9:20 |
| 17 | 15.6 | 5:44 | 9:21 |
| 18 | 15.6 | 5:44 | 9:21 |
| 19 | 15.6 | 5:45 | 9:22 |
| 20 | 15.6 | 5:45 | 9:23 |
| 21 | 15.6 | 5:45 | 9:23 |
| 22 | 15.6 | 5:46 | 9:24 |
| 23 | 15.6 | 5:46 | 9:24 |
| 24 | 15.6 | 5:47 | 9:24 |
| 25 | 15.6 | 5:47 | 9:25 |
| 26 | 15.6 | 5:48 | 9:25 |
| 27 | 15.6 | 5:49 | 9:25 |
| 28 | 15.6 | 5:49 | 9:26 |
| 29 | 15.6 | 5:50 | 9:26 |
| 30 | 15.6 | 5:51 | 9:26 |
| 31 | 15.6 | 5:52 | 9:26 |
Solar energy in December
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in December, about 8.04 kWh/m² — the sunniest month for solar.
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 1.36 kWh/m² to a high of 8.04 kWh/m² in December across the year — December's 8.04 kWh/m² sits near the top of that range.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 7.9 | 7.9 | 7.9 | 7.9 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.1 | 8.1 | 8.1 | 8.1 | 8.1 | 8.1 |
| Level | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 7.9 | Intense |
| 2 | 7.9 | Intense |
| 3 | 7.9 | Intense |
| 4 | 7.9 | Intense |
| 5 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 6 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 7 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 8 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 9 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 10 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 11 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 12 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 13 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 14 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 15 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 16 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 17 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 18 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 19 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 20 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 21 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 22 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 23 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 24 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 25 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 26 | 8.1 | Intense |
| 27 | 8.1 | Intense |
| 28 | 8.1 | Intense |
| 29 | 8.1 | Intense |
| 30 | 8.1 | Intense |
| 31 | 8.1 | Intense |
Is December a good time to visit Las Heras?
Our two travel scores rate December for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
December is one of the better times to visit Las Heras for general sightseeing. The water and warmth also suit a beach or pool day.
What to pack for Las Heras in December
From December's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In December, Las Heras sees daytime highs around 23°C and nights near 11°C. Pack sun protection. Worth having: light clothes and a windbreaker. About 3 days see rain.
UV index in Las Heras in December
Clear-sky midday UV in December peaks around 11 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Las Heras peaks around December 24 at about 11 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near June 19 at about 1 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 8 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 11 | 10 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 8 | 11 |
| Level | Extreme | Very high | High | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | High | Very high | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 11 | Extreme |
| Feb | 10 | Very high |
| Mar | 6 | High |
| Apr | 3 | Moderate |
| May | 2 | Low |
| Jun | 1 | Low |
| Jul | 1 | Low |
| Aug | 2 | Low |
| Sep | 3 | Moderate |
| Oct | 6 | High |
| Nov | 8 | Very high |
| Dec | 11 | Extreme |
Where is Las Heras?
Las Heras sits at 46.5°S, 68.9°W, 324 m above sea level, in Argentina. The nearest listed city is Pico Truncado, 80 km away.
Topography around Las Heras
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Las Heras.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Las Heras has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 38 m around an average of 334 m above sea level; within 16 km, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 462 m; within 80 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,258 m.
The land around Las Heras is covered by grassland (44%), bare terrain (30%) and artificial surfaces (21%) within 3 km, grassland (65%) and bare terrain (30%) within 16 km, and grassland (69%) and bare terrain (23%) within 80 km.
Argentina travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 1
- Exercise Normal Precautions
- Power plugs
- Type C / I
- 220 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 46% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $14,898
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.4 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Homicide rate
- 4.5
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 14.1
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- High
- EF EPI 575
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Las Heras (-46.5413°, -68.9323°, elevation 324 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).