Perdriel weather in November
In November, Perdriel sees average daytime highs of 21°C and overnight lows near 10°C, with 137 mm of precipitation across 18.3 wet days and about 13.7 hours of daylight. It is the 4th-warmest and 5th-wettest month of the year here.
Highs climb over the month, from about 20°C in the first days to 22°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 58% of the time in November, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 13 h 18 min at the start of November to 14 hours by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, November is Perdriel's 5th-clearest and 1st-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Perdriel's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 21°
- 4th warmest
- Overnight low
- 10°
- 8th coldest
- Precipitation
- 137 mm
- 18.3 wet days
- Daylight
- 13 h 42 min
- 6:29 AM – 8:13 PM
- Cloud cover
- 38%
- 5th clearest
- Wind
- 7 km/h
- 1st windiest
- Solar energy
- 7.89 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 5.5
- out of 10
Temperature in November
Highs climb over the month, from about 20°C in the first days to 22°C by the end.
A typical November day in Perdriel reaches about 21°C in the afternoon and slips back to 10°C overnight — a 11°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 16°C and 25°C. Set against its neighbours, November runs about 3°C warmer than October and about 2°C cooler than December.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 |
| Avg low (°C) | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 20 | 8 |
| 2 | 20 | 8 |
| 3 | 20 | 8 |
| 4 | 20 | 9 |
| 5 | 20 | 9 |
| 6 | 20 | 9 |
| 7 | 20 | 9 |
| 8 | 20 | 9 |
| 9 | 20 | 9 |
| 10 | 20 | 9 |
| 11 | 21 | 9 |
| 12 | 21 | 9 |
| 13 | 21 | 9 |
| 14 | 21 | 9 |
| 15 | 21 | 10 |
| 16 | 21 | 10 |
| 17 | 21 | 10 |
| 18 | 21 | 10 |
| 19 | 21 | 10 |
| 20 | 21 | 10 |
| 21 | 21 | 10 |
| 22 | 21 | 10 |
| 23 | 22 | 10 |
| 24 | 22 | 10 |
| 25 | 22 | 10 |
| 26 | 22 | 10 |
| 27 | 22 | 11 |
| 28 | 22 | 11 |
| 29 | 22 | 11 |
| 30 | 22 | 11 |
How November really feels in Perdriel
Once humidity and wind are folded in, November averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
November sits comfortably in between — no days that feel dangerously hot or drop to a hard freeze once humidity and wind are folded in.
Perdriel weather by month
How November compares with the rest of the year at a glance. November is the 4th-warmest and 5th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 24° / 14° | 185 | 23.1 | 0.1 | 13.9 | 5.2 |
| Feb | 23° / 13° | 147 | 20.2 | 0 | 13.2 | 5.2 |
| Mar | 20° / 11° | 148 | 18.8 | 0 | 12.3 | 5.3 |
| Apr | 16° / 7° | 89 | 12.5 | 0.8 | 11.2 | 5.1 |
| May | 13° / 3° | 51 | 9.1 | 2.3 | 10.3 | 3.6 |
| Jun | 10° / 0° | 31 | 5.5 | 3.4 | 9.9 | 2.5 |
| Jul | 9° / -1° | 33 | 5.8 | 4.7 | 10 | 2.1 |
| Aug | 11° / 1° | 40 | 6.9 | 4.9 | 10.8 | 3.2 |
| Sep | 14° / 3° | 55 | 9.5 | 3.9 | 11.8 | 4.5 |
| Oct | 18° / 7° | 99 | 14.2 | 2.2 | 12.8 | 5.6 |
| Nov | 21° / 10° | 137 | 18.3 | 0.4 | 13.7 | 5.5 |
| Dec | 23° / 12° | 176 | 21.7 | 0.1 | 14.1 | 5.4 |
Cloud cover in November
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 58% of the time in November.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 19% of November, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 23%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 76 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 76 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 78 | 77 |
| Cloudier (%) | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 24 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 22 | 23 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 76 | 24 |
| 2 | 76 | 24 |
| 3 | 76 | 24 |
| 4 | 76 | 24 |
| 5 | 77 | 23 |
| 6 | 77 | 23 |
| 7 | 77 | 23 |
| 8 | 77 | 23 |
| 9 | 76 | 24 |
| 10 | 77 | 23 |
| 11 | 77 | 23 |
| 12 | 77 | 23 |
| 13 | 77 | 23 |
| 14 | 77 | 23 |
| 15 | 78 | 22 |
| 16 | 78 | 22 |
| 17 | 78 | 22 |
| 18 | 78 | 22 |
| 19 | 78 | 22 |
| 20 | 78 | 22 |
| 21 | 78 | 22 |
| 22 | 78 | 22 |
| 23 | 78 | 22 |
| 24 | 78 | 22 |
| 25 | 78 | 22 |
| 26 | 79 | 21 |
| 27 | 79 | 21 |
| 28 | 79 | 21 |
| 29 | 78 | 22 |
| 30 | 77 | 23 |
Chance of precipitation in November
Perdriel gets around 137 mm of rain and snow over 18.3 wet days in November. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 61% and peaks near 69% on the wettest days, and about 0 day brings snow. The odds climb toward the end of the month.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 54 | 55 | 55 | 56 | 56 | 56 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 58 | 58 | 59 | 59 | 60 | 60 | 61 | 61 | 62 | 62 | 63 | 63 | 64 | 65 | 65 | 66 | 67 | 67 | 68 | 68 | 69 |
| Snow chance (%) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Rain chance (%) | Snow chance (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 54 | 3 |
| 2 | 55 | 3 |
| 3 | 55 | 3 |
| 4 | 56 | 3 |
| 5 | 56 | 3 |
| 6 | 56 | 3 |
| 7 | 57 | 2 |
| 8 | 57 | 2 |
| 9 | 57 | 2 |
| 10 | 58 | 2 |
| 11 | 58 | 2 |
| 12 | 59 | 2 |
| 13 | 59 | 2 |
| 14 | 60 | 1 |
| 15 | 60 | 1 |
| 16 | 61 | 1 |
| 17 | 61 | 1 |
| 18 | 62 | 1 |
| 19 | 62 | 1 |
| 20 | 63 | 1 |
| 21 | 63 | 1 |
| 22 | 64 | 1 |
| 23 | 65 | 1 |
| 24 | 65 | 0 |
| 25 | 66 | 0 |
| 26 | 67 | 0 |
| 27 | 67 | 0 |
| 28 | 68 | 0 |
| 29 | 68 | 0 |
| 30 | 69 | 0 |
Humidity in November
Most of November feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, November lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
| 29 | 100 |
| 30 | 100 |
Wind in November
Winds average 7 km/h in November, the windiest month of the year.
Across November, daily wind ranges from about 7 km/h on the calmest days to 7 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 7 | calm |
| 2 | 7 | calm |
| 3 | 7 | calm |
| 4 | 7 | calm |
| 5 | 7 | calm |
| 6 | 7 | calm |
| 7 | 7 | calm |
| 8 | 7 | calm |
| 9 | 7 | calm |
| 10 | 7 | calm |
| 11 | 7 | calm |
| 12 | 7 | calm |
| 13 | 7 | calm |
| 14 | 7 | calm |
| 15 | 7 | calm |
| 16 | 7 | calm |
| 17 | 7 | calm |
| 18 | 7 | calm |
| 19 | 7 | calm |
| 20 | 7 | calm |
| 21 | 7 | calm |
| 22 | 7 | calm |
| 23 | 7 | calm |
| 24 | 7 | calm |
| 25 | 7 | calm |
| 26 | 7 | calm |
| 27 | 7 | calm |
| 28 | 7 | calm |
| 29 | 7 | calm |
| 30 | 7 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in November
Daylight runs from about 13 h 18 min at the start of November to 14 hours by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 42 minutes over November. Sunrise moves from 6:39 AM to 6:25 AM, and sunset from 7:59 PM to 8:25 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 13.3 | 13.4 | 13.4 | 13.4 | 13.5 | 13.5 | 13.5 | 13.5 | 13.6 | 13.6 | 13.6 | 13.6 | 13.7 | 13.7 | 13.7 | 13.7 | 13.8 | 13.8 | 13.8 | 13.8 | 13.8 | 13.9 | 13.9 | 13.9 | 13.9 | 13.9 | 14.0 | 14.0 | 14.0 | 14.0 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:39 | 6:38 | 6:37 | 6:36 | 6:36 | 6:35 | 6:34 | 6:33 | 6:33 | 6:32 | 6:32 | 6:31 | 6:30 | 6:30 | 6:29 | 6:29 | 6:28 | 6:28 | 6:27 | 6:27 | 6:27 | 6:26 | 6:26 | 6:26 | 6:25 | 6:25 | 6:25 | 6:25 | 6:25 | 6:25 |
| Sunset (PM) | 7:59 | 8:00 | 8:01 | 8:02 | 8:03 | 8:04 | 8:05 | 8:06 | 8:06 | 8:07 | 8:08 | 8:09 | 8:10 | 8:11 | 8:12 | 8:13 | 8:14 | 8:15 | 8:16 | 8:17 | 8:17 | 8:18 | 8:19 | 8:20 | 8:21 | 8:22 | 8:23 | 8:24 | 8:24 | 8:25 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 13.3 | 6:39 | 7:59 |
| 2 | 13.4 | 6:38 | 8:00 |
| 3 | 13.4 | 6:37 | 8:01 |
| 4 | 13.4 | 6:36 | 8:02 |
| 5 | 13.5 | 6:36 | 8:03 |
| 6 | 13.5 | 6:35 | 8:04 |
| 7 | 13.5 | 6:34 | 8:05 |
| 8 | 13.5 | 6:33 | 8:06 |
| 9 | 13.6 | 6:33 | 8:06 |
| 10 | 13.6 | 6:32 | 8:07 |
| 11 | 13.6 | 6:32 | 8:08 |
| 12 | 13.6 | 6:31 | 8:09 |
| 13 | 13.7 | 6:30 | 8:10 |
| 14 | 13.7 | 6:30 | 8:11 |
| 15 | 13.7 | 6:29 | 8:12 |
| 16 | 13.7 | 6:29 | 8:13 |
| 17 | 13.8 | 6:28 | 8:14 |
| 18 | 13.8 | 6:28 | 8:15 |
| 19 | 13.8 | 6:27 | 8:16 |
| 20 | 13.8 | 6:27 | 8:17 |
| 21 | 13.8 | 6:27 | 8:17 |
| 22 | 13.9 | 6:26 | 8:18 |
| 23 | 13.9 | 6:26 | 8:19 |
| 24 | 13.9 | 6:26 | 8:20 |
| 25 | 13.9 | 6:25 | 8:21 |
| 26 | 13.9 | 6:25 | 8:22 |
| 27 | 14.0 | 6:25 | 8:23 |
| 28 | 14.0 | 6:25 | 8:24 |
| 29 | 14.0 | 6:25 | 8:24 |
| 30 | 14.0 | 6:25 | 8:25 |
Solar energy in November
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in November, about 7.89 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 2.99 kWh/m² to a high of 8.25 kWh/m² in December across the year — November's 7.89 kWh/m² sits near the top of that range.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 7.5 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 7.6 | 7.6 | 7.7 | 7.7 | 7.7 | 7.8 | 7.8 | 7.8 | 7.8 | 7.9 | 7.9 | 7.9 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.1 | 8.1 | 8.1 | 8.1 | 8.1 | 8.1 | 8.1 | 8.1 | 8.1 |
| Level | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 7.5 | Intense |
| 2 | 7.5 | Intense |
| 3 | 7.5 | Intense |
| 4 | 7.5 | Intense |
| 5 | 7.6 | Intense |
| 6 | 7.6 | Intense |
| 7 | 7.7 | Intense |
| 8 | 7.7 | Intense |
| 9 | 7.7 | Intense |
| 10 | 7.8 | Intense |
| 11 | 7.8 | Intense |
| 12 | 7.8 | Intense |
| 13 | 7.8 | Intense |
| 14 | 7.9 | Intense |
| 15 | 7.9 | Intense |
| 16 | 7.9 | Intense |
| 17 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 18 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 19 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 20 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 21 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 22 | 8.1 | Intense |
| 23 | 8.1 | Intense |
| 24 | 8.1 | Intense |
| 25 | 8.1 | Intense |
| 26 | 8.1 | Intense |
| 27 | 8.1 | Intense |
| 28 | 8.1 | Intense |
| 29 | 8.1 | Intense |
| 30 | 8.1 | Intense |
Hazard calendar for Perdriel
In November, Perdriel sits inside its rainy season season. The full year is below, with each hazard's peak months called out.
Perdriel's rainy season runs October–April, when most of the year's rain falls.
Is November a good time to visit Perdriel?
Our two travel scores rate November for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
November is a reasonable time to visit Perdriel for sightseeing.
What to pack for Perdriel in November
From November's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In November, Perdriel sees daytime highs around 21°C and nights near 10°C. Pack rain gear and sun protection. About 18 days see rain.
UV index in Perdriel in November
Clear-sky midday UV in November peaks around 12 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Perdriel peaks around January 17 at about 14 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near June 19 at about 3 (moderate).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 11 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 14 | 13 | 11 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 10 | 12 | 13 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | High | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | High | Very high | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 14 | Extreme |
| Feb | 13 | Extreme |
| Mar | 11 | Extreme |
| Apr | 6 | High |
| May | 4 | Moderate |
| Jun | 3 | Moderate |
| Jul | 3 | Moderate |
| Aug | 4 | Moderate |
| Sep | 6 | High |
| Oct | 10 | Very high |
| Nov | 12 | Extreme |
| Dec | 13 | Extreme |
Where is Perdriel?
Perdriel sits at 33.1°S, 68.9°W, 960 m above sea level, in Argentina. The nearest listed city is Rodeo del Medio, 21 km away.
Topography around Perdriel
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Perdriel.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Perdriel has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 123 m around an average of 960 m above sea level; within 16 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 776 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 5,362 m.
The land around Perdriel is covered by cropland (35%) and grassland (25%) within 3 km, shrubs (50%) within 16 km, and shrubs (44%), grassland (21%) and bare terrain (21%) within 80 km.
Argentina travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 1
- Exercise Normal Precautions
- Power plugs
- Type C / I
- 220 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 46% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $14,898
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.4 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Homicide rate
- 4.5
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 14.1
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- High
- EF EPI 575
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Perdriel (-33.0749°, -68.8884°, elevation 960 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).