Pilar weather in September
In September, Pilar sees average daytime highs of 22°C and overnight lows near 9°C, with 30 mm of rain across 4.4 wet days and about 11.8 hours of daylight. It is the 8th-warmest and 8th-wettest month of the year here.
Highs climb over the month, from about 21°C in the first days to 23°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 59% of the time in September, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 11 h 18 min at the start of September to 12 h 18 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, September is Pilar's 2nd-clearest and 2nd-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Pilar's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 22°
- 8th warmest
- Overnight low
- 9°
- 4th coldest
- Rainfall
- 30 mm
- 4.4 wet days
- Daylight
- 11 h 48 min
- 7:16 AM – 7:04 PM
- Cloud cover
- 36%
- 2nd clearest
- Wind
- 12 km/h
- 2nd windiest
- Solar energy
- 5.06 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 8.0
- out of 10
Pilar is city in Córdoba, Argentina.
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in September
Highs climb over the month, from about 21°C in the first days to 23°C by the end.
A typical September day in Pilar reaches about 22°C in the afternoon and slips back to 9°C overnight — a 13°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 16°C and 28°C. Set against its neighbours, September runs about 3°C warmer than August and about 3°C cooler than October.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 |
| Avg low (°C) | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 11 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 21 | 8 |
| 2 | 21 | 8 |
| 3 | 21 | 8 |
| 4 | 21 | 9 |
| 5 | 21 | 9 |
| 6 | 21 | 9 |
| 7 | 21 | 9 |
| 8 | 21 | 9 |
| 9 | 22 | 9 |
| 10 | 22 | 9 |
| 11 | 22 | 9 |
| 12 | 22 | 9 |
| 13 | 22 | 9 |
| 14 | 22 | 9 |
| 15 | 22 | 9 |
| 16 | 22 | 9 |
| 17 | 22 | 9 |
| 18 | 22 | 9 |
| 19 | 23 | 10 |
| 20 | 23 | 10 |
| 21 | 23 | 10 |
| 22 | 23 | 10 |
| 23 | 23 | 10 |
| 24 | 23 | 10 |
| 25 | 23 | 10 |
| 26 | 23 | 10 |
| 27 | 23 | 10 |
| 28 | 23 | 11 |
| 29 | 23 | 11 |
| 30 | 23 | 11 |
Pilar weather by month
How September compares with the rest of the year at a glance. September is the 8th-warmest and 8th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 30° / 19° | 108 | 10.1 | 13.8 | 5.3 |
| Feb | 28° / 18° | 89 | 9.8 | 13.2 | 6.3 |
| Mar | 26° / 16° | 89 | 9.2 | 12.2 | 7.0 |
| Apr | 23° / 13° | 61 | 7 | 11.2 | 7.6 |
| May | 20° / 9° | 29 | 4.3 | 10.4 | 7.2 |
| Jun | 17° / 6° | 15 | 3 | 10 | 6.5 |
| Jul | 16° / 5° | 12 | 2.5 | 10.1 | 6.5 |
| Aug | 19° / 7° | 15 | 2.4 | 10.8 | 7.7 |
| Sep | 22° / 9° | 30 | 4.4 | 11.8 | 8.0 |
| Oct | 25° / 13° | 68 | 8.2 | 12.8 | 7.4 |
| Nov | 28° / 16° | 83 | 9.7 | 13.6 | 6.5 |
| Dec | 30° / 18° | 102 | 10.8 | 14 | 5.3 |
Cloud cover in September
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 59% of the time in September.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 14% of September, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 26%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 72 | 73 | 73 | 73 | 73 | 73 | 74 | 74 | 75 | 77 | 77 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 77 | 77 | 75 | 75 | 74 | 73 | 73 | 71 | 70 | 69 | 68 | 68 | 66 | 66 |
| Cloudier (%) | 28 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 26 | 26 | 25 | 23 | 23 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 23 | 23 | 25 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 27 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 32 | 34 | 34 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 72 | 28 |
| 2 | 73 | 27 |
| 3 | 73 | 27 |
| 4 | 73 | 27 |
| 5 | 73 | 27 |
| 6 | 73 | 27 |
| 7 | 74 | 26 |
| 8 | 74 | 26 |
| 9 | 75 | 25 |
| 10 | 77 | 23 |
| 11 | 77 | 23 |
| 12 | 78 | 22 |
| 13 | 78 | 22 |
| 14 | 78 | 22 |
| 15 | 78 | 22 |
| 16 | 78 | 22 |
| 17 | 77 | 23 |
| 18 | 77 | 23 |
| 19 | 75 | 25 |
| 20 | 75 | 25 |
| 21 | 74 | 26 |
| 22 | 73 | 27 |
| 23 | 73 | 27 |
| 24 | 71 | 29 |
| 25 | 70 | 30 |
| 26 | 69 | 31 |
| 27 | 68 | 32 |
| 28 | 68 | 32 |
| 29 | 66 | 34 |
| 30 | 66 | 34 |
Chance of precipitation in September
Pilar gets around 30 mm of rain over 4.4 wet days in September. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 15% and peaks near 21% on the wettest days. The odds climb toward the end of the month.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 20 | 21 | 21 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 11 |
| 2 | 12 |
| 3 | 12 |
| 4 | 12 |
| 5 | 13 |
| 6 | 13 |
| 7 | 13 |
| 8 | 13 |
| 9 | 13 |
| 10 | 13 |
| 11 | 13 |
| 12 | 13 |
| 13 | 13 |
| 14 | 13 |
| 15 | 13 |
| 16 | 13 |
| 17 | 14 |
| 18 | 14 |
| 19 | 14 |
| 20 | 15 |
| 21 | 15 |
| 22 | 16 |
| 23 | 17 |
| 24 | 18 |
| 25 | 18 |
| 26 | 19 |
| 27 | 20 |
| 28 | 20 |
| 29 | 21 |
| 30 | 21 |
Humidity in September
Most of September feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, September lands in the dry band about 90% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 92 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 92 | 91 | 91 | 90 | 90 | 89 | 88 | 88 | 87 | 86 | 85 | 85 | 85 |
| Comfortable (%) | 7 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
| Humid (%) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | Humid (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 92 | 7 | 1 |
| 2 | 91 | 8 | 1 |
| 3 | 91 | 8 | 1 |
| 4 | 91 | 8 | 1 |
| 5 | 91 | 8 | 1 |
| 6 | 91 | 8 | 1 |
| 7 | 92 | 7 | 1 |
| 8 | 92 | 7 | 1 |
| 9 | 92 | 7 | 1 |
| 10 | 92 | 7 | 1 |
| 11 | 92 | 7 | 1 |
| 12 | 93 | 6 | 1 |
| 13 | 93 | 6 | 1 |
| 14 | 93 | 6 | 1 |
| 15 | 93 | 6 | 1 |
| 16 | 93 | 6 | 1 |
| 17 | 93 | 6 | 1 |
| 18 | 92 | 6 | 2 |
| 19 | 91 | 7 | 2 |
| 20 | 91 | 7 | 2 |
| 21 | 90 | 8 | 2 |
| 22 | 90 | 8 | 2 |
| 23 | 89 | 9 | 2 |
| 24 | 88 | 10 | 2 |
| 25 | 88 | 10 | 2 |
| 26 | 87 | 11 | 2 |
| 27 | 86 | 11 | 3 |
| 28 | 85 | 12 | 3 |
| 29 | 85 | 12 | 3 |
| 30 | 85 | 12 | 3 |
Wind in September
Winds average 12 km/h in September.
Across September, daily wind ranges from about 12 km/h on the calmest days to 12 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12 | calm |
| 2 | 12 | calm |
| 3 | 12 | calm |
| 4 | 12 | calm |
| 5 | 12 | calm |
| 6 | 12 | calm |
| 7 | 12 | calm |
| 8 | 12 | calm |
| 9 | 12 | calm |
| 10 | 12 | calm |
| 11 | 12 | calm |
| 12 | 12 | calm |
| 13 | 12 | calm |
| 14 | 12 | calm |
| 15 | 12 | calm |
| 16 | 12 | calm |
| 17 | 12 | calm |
| 18 | 12 | calm |
| 19 | 12 | calm |
| 20 | 12 | calm |
| 21 | 12 | calm |
| 22 | 12 | calm |
| 23 | 12 | calm |
| 24 | 12 | calm |
| 25 | 12 | calm |
| 26 | 12 | calm |
| 27 | 12 | calm |
| 28 | 12 | calm |
| 29 | 12 | calm |
| 30 | 12 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in September
Daylight runs from about 11 h 18 min at the start of September to 12 h 18 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 60 minutes over September. Sunrise moves from 7:36 AM to 6:57 AM, and sunset from 6:55 PM to 7:13 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 11.3 | 11.4 | 11.4 | 11.4 | 11.4 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.3 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 7:36 | 7:34 | 7:33 | 7:32 | 7:30 | 7:29 | 7:28 | 7:26 | 7:25 | 7:24 | 7:22 | 7:21 | 7:20 | 7:18 | 7:17 | 7:16 | 7:14 | 7:13 | 7:11 | 7:10 | 7:09 | 7:07 | 7:06 | 7:05 | 7:03 | 7:02 | 7:01 | 6:59 | 6:58 | 6:57 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:55 | 6:55 | 6:56 | 6:57 | 6:57 | 6:58 | 6:59 | 6:59 | 7:00 | 7:00 | 7:01 | 7:02 | 7:02 | 7:03 | 7:04 | 7:04 | 7:05 | 7:05 | 7:06 | 7:07 | 7:07 | 7:08 | 7:09 | 7:09 | 7:10 | 7:10 | 7:11 | 7:12 | 7:12 | 7:13 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 11.3 | 7:36 | 6:55 |
| 2 | 11.4 | 7:34 | 6:55 |
| 3 | 11.4 | 7:33 | 6:56 |
| 4 | 11.4 | 7:32 | 6:57 |
| 5 | 11.4 | 7:30 | 6:57 |
| 6 | 11.5 | 7:29 | 6:58 |
| 7 | 11.5 | 7:28 | 6:59 |
| 8 | 11.5 | 7:26 | 6:59 |
| 9 | 11.6 | 7:25 | 7:00 |
| 10 | 11.6 | 7:24 | 7:00 |
| 11 | 11.6 | 7:22 | 7:01 |
| 12 | 11.7 | 7:21 | 7:02 |
| 13 | 11.7 | 7:20 | 7:02 |
| 14 | 11.7 | 7:18 | 7:03 |
| 15 | 11.8 | 7:17 | 7:04 |
| 16 | 11.8 | 7:16 | 7:04 |
| 17 | 11.8 | 7:14 | 7:05 |
| 18 | 11.9 | 7:13 | 7:05 |
| 19 | 11.9 | 7:11 | 7:06 |
| 20 | 11.9 | 7:10 | 7:07 |
| 21 | 12.0 | 7:09 | 7:07 |
| 22 | 12.0 | 7:07 | 7:08 |
| 23 | 12.0 | 7:06 | 7:09 |
| 24 | 12.1 | 7:05 | 7:09 |
| 25 | 12.1 | 7:03 | 7:10 |
| 26 | 12.1 | 7:02 | 7:10 |
| 27 | 12.2 | 7:01 | 7:11 |
| 28 | 12.2 | 6:59 | 7:12 |
| 29 | 12.2 | 6:58 | 7:12 |
| 30 | 12.3 | 6:57 | 7:13 |
Solar energy in September
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in September, about 5.06 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 2.78 kWh/m² to a high of 7.03 kWh/m² in December across the year — September's 5.06 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.4 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4.5 | Bright |
| 2 | 4.5 | Bright |
| 3 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 4 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 5 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 6 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 7 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 8 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 9 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 10 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 11 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 12 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 13 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 14 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 15 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 16 | 5.2 | Bright |
| 17 | 5.2 | Bright |
| 18 | 5.2 | Bright |
| 19 | 5.2 | Bright |
| 20 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 21 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 22 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 23 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 24 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 25 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 26 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 27 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 28 | 5.4 | Bright |
| 29 | 5.4 | Bright |
| 30 | 5.4 | Bright |
Hazard calendar for Pilar
None of Pilar's seasonal hazards are active in September. The full-year calendar below shows when the rainy season, cyclone risk and dust haze do peak.
Pilar's rainy season runs October–April, when most of the year's rain falls.
Is September a good time to visit Pilar?
Our two travel scores rate September for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
September is one of the better times to visit Pilar for general sightseeing.
What to pack for Pilar in September
From September's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In September, Pilar sees daytime highs around 22°C and nights near 9°C. Worth packing: light clothes and sun protection. About 4 days see rain.
UV index in Pilar in September
Clear-sky midday UV in September peaks around 7 — enough to warrant sun protection. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Pilar peaks around January 19 at about 14 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near June 21 at about 3 (moderate).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 14 | 13 | 11 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 10 | 12 | 12 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | High | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | High | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 14 | Extreme |
| Feb | 13 | Extreme |
| Mar | 11 | Extreme |
| Apr | 6 | High |
| May | 4 | Moderate |
| Jun | 3 | Moderate |
| Jul | 4 | Moderate |
| Aug | 5 | Moderate |
| Sep | 7 | High |
| Oct | 10 | Extreme |
| Nov | 12 | Extreme |
| Dec | 12 | Extreme |
Where is Pilar?
Pilar sits at 31.7°S, 63.9°W, 328 m above sea level, in Argentina. The nearest listed city is Río Segundo, 4.0 km away.
Topography around Pilar
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Pilar.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Pilar has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 32 m around an average of 332 m above sea level; within 16 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 96 m; within 80 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,882 m.
The land around Pilar is covered by cropland (54%) within 3 km, cropland (90%) within 16 km, and cropland (76%) within 80 km.
Argentina travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 1
- Exercise Normal Precautions
- Power plugs
- Type C / I
- 220 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 46% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $14,898
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.4 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Homicide rate
- 4.5
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 14.1
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- High
- EF EPI 575
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Pilar (-31.6813°, -63.8824°, elevation 328 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).