Tunuyán weather in September
In September, Tunuyán sees average daytime highs of 17°C and overnight lows near 4°C, with 62 mm of precipitation across 9.1 wet days and about 11.8 hours of daylight. It is the 8th-warmest and 9th-wettest month of the year here.
Highs climb over the month, from about 15°C in the first days to 18°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 58% of the time in September, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 11 h 18 min at the start of September to 12 h 18 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, September is Tunuyán's 6th-clearest and 5th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Tunuyán's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 17°
- 8th warmest
- Overnight low
- 4°
- 5th coldest
- Precipitation
- 62 mm
- 9.1 wet days
- Daylight
- 11 h 48 min
- 7:37 AM – 7:24 PM
- Cloud cover
- 37%
- 6th clearest
- Wind
- 7 km/h
- 5th windiest
- Solar energy
- 5.54 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 5.8
- out of 10
Tunuyán is city in Mendoza, Argentina.
- Founded
- 1880
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in September
Highs climb over the month, from about 15°C in the first days to 18°C by the end.
A typical September day in Tunuyán reaches about 17°C in the afternoon and slips back to 4°C overnight — a 13°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 11°C and 23°C. Set against its neighbours, September runs about 3°C warmer than August and about 4°C cooler than October.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 19 | 19 |
| Avg low (°C) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 15 | 3 |
| 2 | 15 | 3 |
| 3 | 15 | 3 |
| 4 | 15 | 3 |
| 5 | 15 | 3 |
| 6 | 15 | 3 |
| 7 | 16 | 3 |
| 8 | 16 | 3 |
| 9 | 16 | 4 |
| 10 | 16 | 4 |
| 11 | 16 | 4 |
| 12 | 16 | 4 |
| 13 | 16 | 4 |
| 14 | 17 | 4 |
| 15 | 17 | 4 |
| 16 | 17 | 4 |
| 17 | 17 | 4 |
| 18 | 17 | 4 |
| 19 | 17 | 5 |
| 20 | 17 | 5 |
| 21 | 18 | 5 |
| 22 | 18 | 5 |
| 23 | 18 | 5 |
| 24 | 18 | 5 |
| 25 | 18 | 5 |
| 26 | 18 | 5 |
| 27 | 18 | 5 |
| 28 | 18 | 5 |
| 29 | 19 | 6 |
| 30 | 19 | 6 |
How September really feels in Tunuyán
Once humidity and wind are folded in, September averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
September sits comfortably in between — no days that feel dangerously hot or drop to a hard freeze once humidity and wind are folded in.
Tunuyán weather by month
How September compares with the rest of the year at a glance. September is the 8th-warmest and 9th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 28° / 15° | 68 | 10.2 | 0 | 14 | 6.6 |
| Feb | 26° / 14° | 68 | 10 | 0 | 13.2 | 6.8 |
| Mar | 24° / 12° | 85 | 11.7 | 0 | 12.3 | 6.9 |
| Apr | 19° / 8° | 80 | 11 | 0.1 | 11.2 | 6.3 |
| May | 15° / 4° | 67 | 10.5 | 0.5 | 10.3 | 4.5 |
| Jun | 12° / 1° | 54 | 7.9 | 1.4 | 9.8 | 3.3 |
| Jul | 11° / -0° | 49 | 7.6 | 2.3 | 10 | 3.1 |
| Aug | 14° / 1° | 56 | 7.8 | 1.9 | 10.8 | 4.4 |
| Sep | 17° / 4° | 62 | 9.1 | 0.9 | 11.8 | 5.8 |
| Oct | 21° / 7° | 83 | 10.4 | 0.1 | 12.8 | 6.9 |
| Nov | 24° / 10° | 79 | 10.8 | 0 | 13.7 | 7.2 |
| Dec | 27° / 13° | 75 | 9.9 | 0 | 14.2 | 6.9 |
Cloud cover in September
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 58% of the time in September.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 14% of September, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 29%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 69 | 67 | 67 | 67 | 67 | 68 | 68 | 68 | 69 | 69 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 72 | 73 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 73 | 73 |
| Cloudier (%) | 31 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 31 | 31 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 28 | 27 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 27 | 27 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 69 | 31 |
| 2 | 67 | 33 |
| 3 | 67 | 33 |
| 4 | 67 | 33 |
| 5 | 67 | 33 |
| 6 | 68 | 32 |
| 7 | 68 | 32 |
| 8 | 68 | 32 |
| 9 | 69 | 31 |
| 10 | 69 | 31 |
| 11 | 71 | 29 |
| 12 | 71 | 29 |
| 13 | 71 | 29 |
| 14 | 72 | 28 |
| 15 | 73 | 27 |
| 16 | 74 | 26 |
| 17 | 74 | 26 |
| 18 | 74 | 26 |
| 19 | 74 | 26 |
| 20 | 74 | 26 |
| 21 | 74 | 26 |
| 22 | 74 | 26 |
| 23 | 74 | 26 |
| 24 | 74 | 26 |
| 25 | 74 | 26 |
| 26 | 74 | 26 |
| 27 | 74 | 26 |
| 28 | 74 | 26 |
| 29 | 73 | 27 |
| 30 | 73 | 27 |
Chance of precipitation in September
Tunuyán gets around 62 mm of rain and snow over 9.1 wet days in September. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 31% and peaks near 34% on the wettest days, and about 1 day brings snow.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 29 | 30 | 30 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 31 | 32 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 34 |
| Snow chance (%) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Rain chance (%) | Snow chance (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 29 | 5 |
| 2 | 30 | 5 |
| 3 | 30 | 5 |
| 4 | 31 | 5 |
| 5 | 31 | 4 |
| 6 | 31 | 4 |
| 7 | 31 | 4 |
| 8 | 31 | 4 |
| 9 | 31 | 4 |
| 10 | 31 | 4 |
| 11 | 30 | 3 |
| 12 | 30 | 3 |
| 13 | 30 | 3 |
| 14 | 30 | 3 |
| 15 | 29 | 3 |
| 16 | 29 | 3 |
| 17 | 29 | 3 |
| 18 | 29 | 3 |
| 19 | 29 | 3 |
| 20 | 29 | 3 |
| 21 | 29 | 2 |
| 22 | 29 | 2 |
| 23 | 30 | 2 |
| 24 | 31 | 2 |
| 25 | 31 | 2 |
| 26 | 32 | 1 |
| 27 | 32 | 1 |
| 28 | 33 | 1 |
| 29 | 34 | 1 |
| 30 | 34 | 1 |
Humidity in September
Most of September feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, September lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
| 29 | 100 |
| 30 | 100 |
Wind in September
Winds average 7 km/h in September.
Across September, daily wind ranges from about 7 km/h on the calmest days to 7 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 7 | calm |
| 2 | 7 | calm |
| 3 | 7 | calm |
| 4 | 7 | calm |
| 5 | 7 | calm |
| 6 | 7 | calm |
| 7 | 7 | calm |
| 8 | 7 | calm |
| 9 | 7 | calm |
| 10 | 7 | calm |
| 11 | 7 | calm |
| 12 | 7 | calm |
| 13 | 7 | calm |
| 14 | 7 | calm |
| 15 | 7 | calm |
| 16 | 7 | calm |
| 17 | 7 | calm |
| 18 | 7 | calm |
| 19 | 7 | calm |
| 20 | 7 | calm |
| 21 | 7 | calm |
| 22 | 7 | calm |
| 23 | 7 | calm |
| 24 | 7 | calm |
| 25 | 7 | calm |
| 26 | 7 | calm |
| 27 | 7 | calm |
| 28 | 7 | calm |
| 29 | 7 | calm |
| 30 | 7 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in September
Daylight runs from about 11 h 18 min at the start of September to 12 h 18 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 60 minutes over September. Sunrise moves from 7:58 AM to 7:17 AM, and sunset from 7:14 PM to 7:34 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 11.3 | 11.3 | 11.3 | 11.4 | 11.4 | 11.4 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.3 | 12.3 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 7:58 | 7:56 | 7:55 | 7:54 | 7:52 | 7:51 | 7:49 | 7:48 | 7:47 | 7:45 | 7:44 | 7:42 | 7:41 | 7:39 | 7:38 | 7:37 | 7:35 | 7:34 | 7:32 | 7:31 | 7:29 | 7:28 | 7:26 | 7:25 | 7:24 | 7:22 | 7:21 | 7:19 | 7:18 | 7:17 |
| Sunset (PM) | 7:14 | 7:15 | 7:15 | 7:16 | 7:17 | 7:17 | 7:18 | 7:19 | 7:19 | 7:20 | 7:21 | 7:21 | 7:22 | 7:23 | 7:24 | 7:24 | 7:25 | 7:26 | 7:26 | 7:27 | 7:28 | 7:28 | 7:29 | 7:30 | 7:31 | 7:31 | 7:32 | 7:33 | 7:33 | 7:34 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 11.3 | 7:58 | 7:14 |
| 2 | 11.3 | 7:56 | 7:15 |
| 3 | 11.3 | 7:55 | 7:15 |
| 4 | 11.4 | 7:54 | 7:16 |
| 5 | 11.4 | 7:52 | 7:17 |
| 6 | 11.4 | 7:51 | 7:17 |
| 7 | 11.5 | 7:49 | 7:18 |
| 8 | 11.5 | 7:48 | 7:19 |
| 9 | 11.5 | 7:47 | 7:19 |
| 10 | 11.6 | 7:45 | 7:20 |
| 11 | 11.6 | 7:44 | 7:21 |
| 12 | 11.7 | 7:42 | 7:21 |
| 13 | 11.7 | 7:41 | 7:22 |
| 14 | 11.7 | 7:39 | 7:23 |
| 15 | 11.8 | 7:38 | 7:24 |
| 16 | 11.8 | 7:37 | 7:24 |
| 17 | 11.8 | 7:35 | 7:25 |
| 18 | 11.9 | 7:34 | 7:26 |
| 19 | 11.9 | 7:32 | 7:26 |
| 20 | 11.9 | 7:31 | 7:27 |
| 21 | 12.0 | 7:29 | 7:28 |
| 22 | 12.0 | 7:28 | 7:28 |
| 23 | 12.0 | 7:26 | 7:29 |
| 24 | 12.1 | 7:25 | 7:30 |
| 25 | 12.1 | 7:24 | 7:31 |
| 26 | 12.2 | 7:22 | 7:31 |
| 27 | 12.2 | 7:21 | 7:32 |
| 28 | 12.2 | 7:19 | 7:33 |
| 29 | 12.3 | 7:18 | 7:33 |
| 30 | 12.3 | 7:17 | 7:34 |
Solar energy in September
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in September, about 5.54 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 2.83 kWh/m² to a high of 8.35 kWh/m² in December across the year — September's 5.54 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 4.8 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.2 | 6.2 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 2 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 3 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 4 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 5 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 6 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 7 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 8 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 9 | 5.2 | Bright |
| 10 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 11 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 12 | 5.4 | Bright |
| 13 | 5.4 | Bright |
| 14 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 15 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 16 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 17 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 18 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 19 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 20 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 21 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 22 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 23 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 24 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 25 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 26 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 27 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 28 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 29 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 30 | 6.2 | Intense |
Is September a good time to visit Tunuyán?
Our two travel scores rate September for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
September is a reasonable time to visit Tunuyán for sightseeing.
What to pack for Tunuyán in September
From September's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In September, Tunuyán sees daytime highs around 17°C and nights near 4°C. Worth packing: a warm layer, rain gear and sun protection. About 9 days see rain.
UV index in Tunuyán in September
Clear-sky midday UV in September peaks around 6 — enough to warrant sun protection. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Tunuyán peaks around January 17 at about 15 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near June 20 at about 3 (moderate).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 11 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 15 | 14 | 11 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 10 | 12 | 13 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | High | High | Moderate | Moderate | High | High | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 15 | Extreme |
| Feb | 14 | Extreme |
| Mar | 11 | Extreme |
| Apr | 6 | High |
| May | 5 | High |
| Jun | 3 | Moderate |
| Jul | 4 | Moderate |
| Aug | 6 | High |
| Sep | 6 | High |
| Oct | 10 | Extreme |
| Nov | 12 | Extreme |
| Dec | 13 | Extreme |
Where is Tunuyán?
Tunuyán sits at 33.6°S, 69.0°W, 864 m above sea level, in Argentina. The nearest listed city is Tupungato, 27 km away.
Topography around Tunuyán
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Tunuyán.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Tunuyán has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 92 m around an average of 885 m above sea level; within 16 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 203 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 5,950 m.
The land around Tunuyán is covered by grassland (29%), shrubs (23%) and cropland (20%) within 3 km, shrubs (44%) and cropland (28%) within 16 km, and shrubs (44%), grassland (25%) and bare terrain (21%) within 80 km.
Argentina travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 1
- Exercise Normal Precautions
- Power plugs
- Type C / I
- 220 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 46% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $14,898
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.4 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Homicide rate
- 4.5
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 14.1
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- High
- EF EPI 575
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Tunuyán (-33.5812°, -69.0154°, elevation 864 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).