Ballarat weather in November
In November, Ballarat sees average daytime highs of 20°C and overnight lows near 8°C, with 61 mm of rain across 8.9 wet days and about 14 hours of daylight. It is the 5th-warmest and 4th-wettest month of the year here.
Highs climb over the month, from about 18°C in the first days to 21°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 25% of the time in November, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 13 h 36 min at the start of November to 14 h 24 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, November is Ballarat's 6th-clearest and 5th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Ballarat's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 20°
- 5th warmest
- Overnight low
- 8°
- 8th coldest
- Rainfall
- 61 mm
- 8.9 wet days
- Daylight
- 14 h 06 min
- 6:08 AM – 8:12 PM
- Cloud cover
- 63%
- 6th clearest
- Wind
- 14 km/h
- 5th windiest
- Solar energy
- 6.41 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 6.3
- out of 10
Ballarat is regional city in Victoria, Australia.
- Density
- 985/km²
- people per km²
- Founded
- 1838
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in November
Highs climb over the month, from about 18°C in the first days to 21°C by the end.
A typical November day in Ballarat reaches about 20°C in the afternoon and slips back to 8°C overnight — a 12°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 14°C and 27°C. Set against its neighbours, November runs about 3°C warmer than October and about 3°C cooler than December.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 |
| Avg low (°C) | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 18 | 7 |
| 2 | 18 | 7 |
| 3 | 18 | 7 |
| 4 | 18 | 7 |
| 5 | 19 | 7 |
| 6 | 19 | 7 |
| 7 | 19 | 7 |
| 8 | 19 | 8 |
| 9 | 19 | 8 |
| 10 | 19 | 8 |
| 11 | 19 | 8 |
| 12 | 19 | 8 |
| 13 | 20 | 8 |
| 14 | 20 | 8 |
| 15 | 20 | 8 |
| 16 | 20 | 8 |
| 17 | 20 | 8 |
| 18 | 20 | 8 |
| 19 | 20 | 8 |
| 20 | 21 | 8 |
| 21 | 21 | 9 |
| 22 | 21 | 9 |
| 23 | 21 | 9 |
| 24 | 21 | 9 |
| 25 | 21 | 9 |
| 26 | 21 | 9 |
| 27 | 21 | 9 |
| 28 | 21 | 9 |
| 29 | 21 | 9 |
| 30 | 21 | 9 |
Ballarat weather by month
How November compares with the rest of the year at a glance. November is the 5th-warmest and 4th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 25° / 12° | 46 | 5.8 | 14.3 | 7.8 |
| Feb | 25° / 12° | 40 | 5 | 13.4 | 7.9 |
| Mar | 22° / 10° | 29 | 5.1 | 12.3 | 7.5 |
| Apr | 18° / 8° | 38 | 6.5 | 11.1 | 6.1 |
| May | 14° / 6° | 45 | 9 | 10 | 4.0 |
| Jun | 11° / 5° | 51 | 9.6 | 9.5 | 2.6 |
| Jul | 10° / 4° | 49 | 10.9 | 9.7 | 2.2 |
| Aug | 11° / 4° | 66 | 12.5 | 10.6 | 2.7 |
| Sep | 14° / 5° | 69 | 12.2 | 11.7 | 3.7 |
| Oct | 17° / 6° | 62 | 10.2 | 13 | 5.3 |
| Nov | 20° / 8° | 61 | 8.9 | 14 | 6.3 |
| Dec | 23° / 10° | 52 | 7.1 | 14.5 | 7.2 |
Cloud cover in November
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 25% of the time in November.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 14% of November, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 61%. Skies tend to open up as the month goes on.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 36 | 36 | 37 | 37 | 38 | 38 | 39 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 43 | 43 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 43 | 43 | 44 |
| Cloudier (%) | 67 | 67 | 67 | 67 | 67 | 66 | 66 | 66 | 64 | 64 | 63 | 63 | 62 | 62 | 61 | 59 | 59 | 59 | 59 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 57 | 57 | 58 | 57 | 56 | 57 | 57 | 56 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 33 | 67 |
| 2 | 33 | 67 |
| 3 | 33 | 67 |
| 4 | 33 | 67 |
| 5 | 33 | 67 |
| 6 | 34 | 66 |
| 7 | 34 | 66 |
| 8 | 34 | 66 |
| 9 | 36 | 64 |
| 10 | 36 | 64 |
| 11 | 37 | 63 |
| 12 | 37 | 63 |
| 13 | 38 | 62 |
| 14 | 38 | 62 |
| 15 | 39 | 61 |
| 16 | 41 | 59 |
| 17 | 41 | 59 |
| 18 | 41 | 59 |
| 19 | 41 | 59 |
| 20 | 42 | 58 |
| 21 | 42 | 58 |
| 22 | 42 | 58 |
| 23 | 43 | 57 |
| 24 | 43 | 57 |
| 25 | 42 | 58 |
| 26 | 43 | 57 |
| 27 | 44 | 56 |
| 28 | 43 | 57 |
| 29 | 43 | 57 |
| 30 | 44 | 56 |
Chance of precipitation in November
Ballarat gets around 61 mm of rain over 8.9 wet days in November. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 30% and peaks near 32% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 32 |
| 2 | 32 |
| 3 | 32 |
| 4 | 32 |
| 5 | 31 |
| 6 | 31 |
| 7 | 31 |
| 8 | 31 |
| 9 | 31 |
| 10 | 30 |
| 11 | 30 |
| 12 | 30 |
| 13 | 29 |
| 14 | 29 |
| 15 | 29 |
| 16 | 29 |
| 17 | 29 |
| 18 | 29 |
| 19 | 29 |
| 20 | 29 |
| 21 | 29 |
| 22 | 28 |
| 23 | 28 |
| 24 | 28 |
| 25 | 28 |
| 26 | 28 |
| 27 | 28 |
| 28 | 28 |
| 29 | 28 |
| 30 | 28 |
Humidity in November
Most of November feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, November lands in the dry band about 94% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 98 | 98 | 98 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 93 | 93 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 90 | 90 |
| Comfortable (%) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
| Humid (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | Humid (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 98 | 2 | 0 |
| 2 | 98 | 2 | 0 |
| 3 | 98 | 2 | 0 |
| 4 | 97 | 3 | 0 |
| 5 | 97 | 3 | 0 |
| 6 | 97 | 3 | 0 |
| 7 | 97 | 3 | 0 |
| 8 | 97 | 3 | 0 |
| 9 | 97 | 3 | 0 |
| 10 | 97 | 3 | 0 |
| 11 | 95 | 4 | 1 |
| 12 | 95 | 4 | 1 |
| 13 | 95 | 4 | 1 |
| 14 | 95 | 4 | 1 |
| 15 | 95 | 4 | 1 |
| 16 | 94 | 5 | 1 |
| 17 | 94 | 5 | 1 |
| 18 | 94 | 5 | 1 |
| 19 | 93 | 6 | 1 |
| 20 | 93 | 6 | 1 |
| 21 | 92 | 7 | 1 |
| 22 | 92 | 7 | 1 |
| 23 | 92 | 7 | 1 |
| 24 | 91 | 8 | 1 |
| 25 | 91 | 8 | 1 |
| 26 | 91 | 8 | 1 |
| 27 | 91 | 8 | 1 |
| 28 | 91 | 8 | 1 |
| 29 | 90 | 8 | 2 |
| 30 | 90 | 8 | 2 |
Wind in November
Winds average 14 km/h in November.
Across November, daily wind ranges from about 14 km/h on the calmest days to 14 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 |
| Feels | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 14 | light breeze |
| 2 | 14 | light breeze |
| 3 | 14 | light breeze |
| 4 | 14 | light breeze |
| 5 | 14 | light breeze |
| 6 | 14 | light breeze |
| 7 | 14 | light breeze |
| 8 | 14 | light breeze |
| 9 | 14 | light breeze |
| 10 | 14 | light breeze |
| 11 | 14 | light breeze |
| 12 | 14 | light breeze |
| 13 | 14 | light breeze |
| 14 | 14 | light breeze |
| 15 | 14 | light breeze |
| 16 | 14 | light breeze |
| 17 | 14 | light breeze |
| 18 | 14 | light breeze |
| 19 | 14 | light breeze |
| 20 | 14 | light breeze |
| 21 | 14 | light breeze |
| 22 | 14 | light breeze |
| 23 | 14 | light breeze |
| 24 | 14 | light breeze |
| 25 | 14 | light breeze |
| 26 | 14 | light breeze |
| 27 | 14 | light breeze |
| 28 | 14 | light breeze |
| 29 | 14 | light breeze |
| 30 | 14 | light breeze |
Sunrise & sunset in November
Daylight runs from about 13 h 36 min at the start of November to 14 h 24 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 48 minutes over November. Sunrise moves from 6:21 AM to 6:02 AM, and sunset from 7:56 PM to 8:26 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 13.6 | 13.6 | 13.7 | 13.7 | 13.7 | 13.8 | 13.8 | 13.8 | 13.8 | 13.9 | 13.9 | 13.9 | 14.0 | 14.0 | 14.0 | 14.1 | 14.1 | 14.1 | 14.1 | 14.2 | 14.2 | 14.2 | 14.2 | 14.3 | 14.3 | 14.3 | 14.3 | 14.3 | 14.4 | 14.4 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:21 | 6:20 | 6:19 | 6:18 | 6:17 | 6:16 | 6:15 | 6:14 | 6:13 | 6:12 | 6:12 | 6:11 | 6:10 | 6:09 | 6:09 | 6:08 | 6:08 | 6:07 | 6:06 | 6:06 | 6:05 | 6:05 | 6:05 | 6:04 | 6:04 | 6:03 | 6:03 | 6:03 | 6:03 | 6:02 |
| Sunset (PM) | 7:56 | 7:57 | 7:58 | 7:59 | 8:00 | 8:01 | 8:02 | 8:03 | 8:04 | 8:05 | 8:06 | 8:07 | 8:08 | 8:09 | 8:11 | 8:12 | 8:13 | 8:14 | 8:15 | 8:16 | 8:17 | 8:18 | 8:19 | 8:20 | 8:21 | 8:22 | 8:23 | 8:24 | 8:25 | 8:26 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 13.6 | 6:21 | 7:56 |
| 2 | 13.6 | 6:20 | 7:57 |
| 3 | 13.7 | 6:19 | 7:58 |
| 4 | 13.7 | 6:18 | 7:59 |
| 5 | 13.7 | 6:17 | 8:00 |
| 6 | 13.8 | 6:16 | 8:01 |
| 7 | 13.8 | 6:15 | 8:02 |
| 8 | 13.8 | 6:14 | 8:03 |
| 9 | 13.8 | 6:13 | 8:04 |
| 10 | 13.9 | 6:12 | 8:05 |
| 11 | 13.9 | 6:12 | 8:06 |
| 12 | 13.9 | 6:11 | 8:07 |
| 13 | 14.0 | 6:10 | 8:08 |
| 14 | 14.0 | 6:09 | 8:09 |
| 15 | 14.0 | 6:09 | 8:11 |
| 16 | 14.1 | 6:08 | 8:12 |
| 17 | 14.1 | 6:08 | 8:13 |
| 18 | 14.1 | 6:07 | 8:14 |
| 19 | 14.1 | 6:06 | 8:15 |
| 20 | 14.2 | 6:06 | 8:16 |
| 21 | 14.2 | 6:05 | 8:17 |
| 22 | 14.2 | 6:05 | 8:18 |
| 23 | 14.2 | 6:05 | 8:19 |
| 24 | 14.3 | 6:04 | 8:20 |
| 25 | 14.3 | 6:04 | 8:21 |
| 26 | 14.3 | 6:03 | 8:22 |
| 27 | 14.3 | 6:03 | 8:23 |
| 28 | 14.3 | 6:03 | 8:24 |
| 29 | 14.4 | 6:03 | 8:25 |
| 30 | 14.4 | 6:02 | 8:26 |
Solar energy in November
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in November, about 6.41 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 1.78 kWh/m² to a high of 7.43 kWh/m² in January across the year — November's 6.41 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 5.8 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.8 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 2 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 3 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 4 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 5 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 6 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 7 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 8 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 9 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 10 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 11 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 12 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 13 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 14 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 15 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 16 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 17 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 18 | 6.6 | Intense |
| 19 | 6.6 | Intense |
| 20 | 6.6 | Intense |
| 21 | 6.7 | Intense |
| 22 | 6.7 | Intense |
| 23 | 6.7 | Intense |
| 24 | 6.7 | Intense |
| 25 | 6.7 | Intense |
| 26 | 6.8 | Intense |
| 27 | 6.8 | Intense |
| 28 | 6.8 | Intense |
| 29 | 6.8 | Intense |
| 30 | 6.8 | Intense |
Is November a good time to visit Ballarat?
Our two travel scores rate November for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
November is a reasonable time to visit Ballarat for sightseeing.
What to pack for Ballarat in November
From November's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In November, Ballarat sees daytime highs around 20°C and nights near 8°C. Pack sun protection. Worth having: rain gear. About 9 days see rain.
UV index in Ballarat in November
Clear-sky midday UV in November peaks around 10 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Ballarat peaks around December 19 at about 13 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near June 18 at about 2 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 9 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 11 | 11 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 10 | 13 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Very high | Very high | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 11 | Extreme |
| Feb | 11 | Extreme |
| Mar | 8 | Very high |
| Apr | 5 | Moderate |
| May | 3 | Moderate |
| Jun | 2 | Low |
| Jul | 2 | Moderate |
| Aug | 3 | Moderate |
| Sep | 5 | Moderate |
| Oct | 8 | Very high |
| Nov | 10 | Very high |
| Dec | 13 | Extreme |
Where is Ballarat?
Ballarat sits at 37.6°S, 143.8°E, 445 m above sea level, in Australia. The nearest listed city is Bacchus Marsh, 53 km away.
Topography around Ballarat
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Ballarat.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Ballarat has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 116 m around an average of 441 m above sea level; within 16 km, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 411 m; within 80 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,037 m.
The land around Ballarat is covered by artificial surfaces (57%) and trees (24%) within 3 km, grassland (54%) and trees (30%) within 16 km, and grassland (53%), cropland (23%) and trees (21%) within 80 km.
Australia travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 1
- Exercise Normal Precautions
- Power plugs
- Type I
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 90% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $65,130
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.9 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Homicide rate
- 0.9
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 4.9
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Ballarat (-37.5662°, 143.8496°, elevation 445 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).