Frankston weather in September
In September, Frankston sees average daytime highs of 14°C and overnight lows near 10°C, with 72 mm of rain across 12.6 wet days and about 11.7 hours of daylight. It is the 9th-warmest and 1st-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 14°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 22% of the time in September, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 11 h 06 min at the start of September to 12 h 18 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, September is Frankston's 9th-clearest and 3rd-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Frankston's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 14°
- 9th warmest
- Overnight low
- 10°
- 3rd coldest
- Rainfall
- 72 mm
- 12.6 wet days
- Daylight
- 11 h 48 min
- 7:21 AM – 7:07 PM
- Cloud cover
- 61%
- 9th clearest
- Wind
- 21 km/h
- 3rd windiest
- Solar energy
- 4.04 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 4.0
- out of 10
Frankston is city in Victoria, Australia.
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in September
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 14°C through the month.
A typical September day in Frankston reaches about 14°C in the afternoon and slips back to 10°C overnight — a 4°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 12°C and 18°C. Set against its neighbours, September runs about 1°C warmer than August and about 2°C cooler than October.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 |
| Avg low (°C) | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 14 | 10 |
| 2 | 14 | 10 |
| 3 | 14 | 10 |
| 4 | 14 | 10 |
| 5 | 14 | 10 |
| 6 | 14 | 10 |
| 7 | 14 | 10 |
| 8 | 14 | 10 |
| 9 | 14 | 10 |
| 10 | 14 | 10 |
| 11 | 14 | 10 |
| 12 | 14 | 10 |
| 13 | 14 | 10 |
| 14 | 14 | 10 |
| 15 | 14 | 10 |
| 16 | 14 | 10 |
| 17 | 14 | 10 |
| 18 | 14 | 10 |
| 19 | 15 | 10 |
| 20 | 15 | 10 |
| 21 | 15 | 10 |
| 22 | 15 | 10 |
| 23 | 15 | 10 |
| 24 | 15 | 11 |
| 25 | 15 | 11 |
| 26 | 15 | 11 |
| 27 | 15 | 11 |
| 28 | 15 | 11 |
| 29 | 15 | 11 |
| 30 | 15 | 11 |
Frankston weather by month
How September compares with the rest of the year at a glance. September is the 9th-warmest and 1st-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 22° / 16° | 50 | 6.4 | 14.3 | 7.3 |
| Feb | 22° / 17° | 46 | 5.8 | 13.5 | 7.3 |
| Mar | 21° / 16° | 43 | 7.3 | 12.3 | 6.9 |
| Apr | 18° / 14° | 59 | 8.8 | 11 | 6.0 |
| May | 15° / 12° | 68 | 11.2 | 10 | 4.6 |
| Jun | 13° / 10° | 70 | 11.8 | 9.4 | 3.6 |
| Jul | 12° / 9° | 62 | 12.6 | 9.6 | 3.2 |
| Aug | 13° / 9° | 71 | 13 | 10.5 | 3.4 |
| Sep | 14° / 10° | 72 | 12.6 | 11.7 | 4.0 |
| Oct | 16° / 11° | 67 | 11.1 | 13 | 4.9 |
| Nov | 18° / 13° | 64 | 9.1 | 14.1 | 5.9 |
| Dec | 20° / 15° | 59 | 8.8 | 14.6 | 6.5 |
Cloud cover in September
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 22% of the time in September.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 23% of September, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 55%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 50 | 50 | 50 | 49 | 49 | 49 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 46 | 45 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 42 | 42 | 43 | 43 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 46 | 46 | 46 |
| Cloudier (%) | 50 | 50 | 50 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 54 | 55 | 56 | 56 | 56 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 58 | 58 | 57 | 57 | 56 | 56 | 56 | 54 | 54 | 54 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 50 | 50 |
| 2 | 50 | 50 |
| 3 | 50 | 50 |
| 4 | 49 | 51 |
| 5 | 49 | 51 |
| 6 | 49 | 51 |
| 7 | 47 | 53 |
| 8 | 47 | 53 |
| 9 | 47 | 53 |
| 10 | 46 | 54 |
| 11 | 45 | 55 |
| 12 | 44 | 56 |
| 13 | 44 | 56 |
| 14 | 44 | 56 |
| 15 | 43 | 57 |
| 16 | 43 | 57 |
| 17 | 43 | 57 |
| 18 | 43 | 57 |
| 19 | 43 | 57 |
| 20 | 43 | 57 |
| 21 | 42 | 58 |
| 22 | 42 | 58 |
| 23 | 43 | 57 |
| 24 | 43 | 57 |
| 25 | 44 | 56 |
| 26 | 44 | 56 |
| 27 | 44 | 56 |
| 28 | 46 | 54 |
| 29 | 46 | 54 |
| 30 | 46 | 54 |
Chance of precipitation in September
Frankston gets around 72 mm of rain over 12.6 wet days in September, the wettest month. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 41% and peaks near 45% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 43 | 44 | 44 | 45 | 45 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 43 | 43 | 42 | 42 | 41 | 41 | 40 | 40 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 37 |
| 2 | 38 |
| 3 | 39 |
| 4 | 40 |
| 5 | 41 |
| 6 | 41 |
| 7 | 42 |
| 8 | 43 |
| 9 | 43 |
| 10 | 44 |
| 11 | 44 |
| 12 | 45 |
| 13 | 45 |
| 14 | 44 |
| 15 | 44 |
| 16 | 44 |
| 17 | 43 |
| 18 | 43 |
| 19 | 42 |
| 20 | 42 |
| 21 | 41 |
| 22 | 41 |
| 23 | 40 |
| 24 | 40 |
| 25 | 39 |
| 26 | 39 |
| 27 | 39 |
| 28 | 39 |
| 29 | 39 |
| 30 | 39 |
Humidity in September
Most of September feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, September lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
| 29 | 100 |
| 30 | 100 |
Wind in September
Winds average 21 km/h in September.
Across September, daily wind ranges from about 20 km/h on the calmest days to 21 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 20 | 20 | 20 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 |
| Feels | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 20 | breezy |
| 2 | 20 | breezy |
| 3 | 20 | breezy |
| 4 | 21 | breezy |
| 5 | 21 | breezy |
| 6 | 21 | breezy |
| 7 | 21 | breezy |
| 8 | 21 | breezy |
| 9 | 21 | breezy |
| 10 | 21 | breezy |
| 11 | 21 | breezy |
| 12 | 21 | breezy |
| 13 | 21 | breezy |
| 14 | 21 | breezy |
| 15 | 21 | breezy |
| 16 | 21 | breezy |
| 17 | 21 | breezy |
| 18 | 21 | breezy |
| 19 | 21 | breezy |
| 20 | 21 | breezy |
| 21 | 21 | breezy |
| 22 | 21 | breezy |
| 23 | 21 | breezy |
| 24 | 21 | breezy |
| 25 | 21 | breezy |
| 26 | 21 | breezy |
| 27 | 21 | breezy |
| 28 | 21 | breezy |
| 29 | 21 | breezy |
| 30 | 21 | breezy |
Sunrise & sunset in September
Daylight runs from about 11 h 06 min at the start of September to 12 h 18 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 72 minutes over September. Sunrise moves from 7:45 AM to 6:58 AM, and sunset from 6:53 PM to 7:19 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 11.1 | 11.2 | 11.2 | 11.3 | 11.3 | 11.3 | 11.4 | 11.4 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 7:45 | 7:44 | 7:42 | 7:40 | 7:39 | 7:37 | 7:36 | 7:34 | 7:33 | 7:31 | 7:29 | 7:28 | 7:26 | 7:24 | 7:23 | 7:21 | 7:19 | 7:18 | 7:16 | 7:15 | 7:13 | 7:11 | 7:10 | 7:08 | 7:06 | 7:05 | 7:03 | 7:02 | 7:00 | 6:58 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:53 | 6:54 | 6:55 | 6:56 | 6:57 | 6:58 | 6:59 | 6:59 | 7:00 | 7:01 | 7:02 | 7:03 | 7:04 | 7:05 | 7:06 | 7:07 | 7:07 | 7:08 | 7:09 | 7:10 | 7:11 | 7:12 | 7:13 | 7:14 | 7:15 | 7:16 | 7:16 | 7:17 | 7:18 | 7:19 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 11.1 | 7:45 | 6:53 |
| 2 | 11.2 | 7:44 | 6:54 |
| 3 | 11.2 | 7:42 | 6:55 |
| 4 | 11.3 | 7:40 | 6:56 |
| 5 | 11.3 | 7:39 | 6:57 |
| 6 | 11.3 | 7:37 | 6:58 |
| 7 | 11.4 | 7:36 | 6:59 |
| 8 | 11.4 | 7:34 | 6:59 |
| 9 | 11.5 | 7:33 | 7:00 |
| 10 | 11.5 | 7:31 | 7:01 |
| 11 | 11.5 | 7:29 | 7:02 |
| 12 | 11.6 | 7:28 | 7:03 |
| 13 | 11.6 | 7:26 | 7:04 |
| 14 | 11.7 | 7:24 | 7:05 |
| 15 | 11.7 | 7:23 | 7:06 |
| 16 | 11.8 | 7:21 | 7:07 |
| 17 | 11.8 | 7:19 | 7:07 |
| 18 | 11.8 | 7:18 | 7:08 |
| 19 | 11.9 | 7:16 | 7:09 |
| 20 | 11.9 | 7:15 | 7:10 |
| 21 | 12.0 | 7:13 | 7:11 |
| 22 | 12.0 | 7:11 | 7:12 |
| 23 | 12.1 | 7:10 | 7:13 |
| 24 | 12.1 | 7:08 | 7:14 |
| 25 | 12.1 | 7:06 | 7:15 |
| 26 | 12.2 | 7:05 | 7:16 |
| 27 | 12.2 | 7:03 | 7:16 |
| 28 | 12.3 | 7:02 | 7:17 |
| 29 | 12.3 | 7:00 | 7:18 |
| 30 | 12.3 | 6:58 | 7:19 |
Solar energy in September
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in September, about 4.04 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 1.83 kWh/m² to a high of 7.29 kWh/m² in January across the year — September's 4.04 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 4.7 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 3.5 | Moderate |
| 2 | 3.5 | Moderate |
| 3 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 4 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 5 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 6 | 3.7 | Moderate |
| 7 | 3.7 | Moderate |
| 8 | 3.7 | Moderate |
| 9 | 3.8 | Moderate |
| 10 | 3.8 | Moderate |
| 11 | 3.8 | Moderate |
| 12 | 3.9 | Moderate |
| 13 | 3.9 | Moderate |
| 14 | 3.9 | Moderate |
| 15 | 4.0 | Moderate |
| 16 | 4.0 | Bright |
| 17 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 18 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 19 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 20 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 21 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 22 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 23 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 24 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 25 | 4.5 | Bright |
| 26 | 4.5 | Bright |
| 27 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 28 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 29 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 30 | 4.7 | Bright |
Is September a good time to visit Frankston?
Our two travel scores rate September for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
September is a reasonable time to visit Frankston for sightseeing.
What to pack for Frankston in September
From September's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In September, Frankston sees daytime highs around 14°C and nights near 10°C. Worth packing: a warm layer, rain gear and a windbreaker. About 13 days see rain.
Sea temperature near Frankston in September
The nearest coast averages about 12°C in September — the other half of the beach question. The full-year curve and swim-comfort zones are below.
The sea offshore is warmest in February at about 21°C and coldest in August near 11°C.
It's comfortable for a long swim from Jan 18 to Mar 11 — about 1.7 months when the water holds above 20°C.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sea temperature (°C) | 20 | 21 | 20 | 18 | 15 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 12 | 14 | 17 | 18 |
| Comfort | Refreshing | Refreshing | Cool | Cool | Cool | Bracing | Bracing | Bracing | Bracing | Bracing | Cool | Cool |
| Sea temperature (°C) | Comfort | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 20 | Refreshing |
| Feb | 21 | Refreshing |
| Mar | 20 | Cool |
| Apr | 18 | Cool |
| May | 15 | Cool |
| Jun | 13 | Bracing |
| Jul | 12 | Bracing |
| Aug | 11 | Bracing |
| Sep | 12 | Bracing |
| Oct | 14 | Bracing |
| Nov | 17 | Cool |
| Dec | 18 | Cool |
UV index in Frankston in September
Clear-sky midday UV in September peaks around 4 — enough to warrant sun protection. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Frankston peaks around December 19 at about 12 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near June 18 at about 2 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 9 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 11 | 10 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 10 | 12 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Very high | Very high | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 11 | Extreme |
| Feb | 10 | Extreme |
| Mar | 8 | Very high |
| Apr | 5 | Moderate |
| May | 3 | Moderate |
| Jun | 2 | Low |
| Jul | 2 | Moderate |
| Aug | 3 | Moderate |
| Sep | 4 | Moderate |
| Oct | 7 | Very high |
| Nov | 10 | Very high |
| Dec | 12 | Extreme |
Where is Frankston?
Frankston sits at 38.1°S, 145.1°E, 15 m above sea level, in Australia. The nearest listed city is Frankston East, 2.0 km away.
Topography around Frankston
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Frankston.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Frankston has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 108 m around an average of 24 m above sea level; within 16 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 162 m; within 80 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,302 m.
The land around Frankston is covered by water (35%), artificial surfaces (30%) and trees (25%) within 3 km, water (38%) and grassland (24%) within 16 km, and water (34%), grassland (30%) and trees (22%) within 80 km.
Australia travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 1
- Exercise Normal Precautions
- Power plugs
- Type I
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 90% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $65,130
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.9 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Homicide rate
- 0.9
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 4.9
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Frankston (-38.1446°, 145.1229°, elevation 15 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. Sea temperatures are the NOAA OISST v2.1 1991–2020 monthly climatology (public domain), sampled at the nearest ocean point. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).