Mildura weather in August
In August, Mildura sees average daytime highs of 17°C and overnight lows near 6°C, with 20 mm of rain across 4.4 wet days and about 10.7 hours of daylight. It is the 10th-warmest and 8th-wettest month of the year here.
Highs climb over the month, from about 16°C in the first days to 19°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 40% of the time in August, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 10 h 18 min at the start of August to 11 h 12 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, August is Mildura's 9th-clearest and 6th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Mildura's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 17°
- 10th warmest
- Overnight low
- 6°
- 2nd coldest
- Rainfall
- 20 mm
- 4.4 wet days
- Daylight
- 10 h 42 min
- 8:14 AM – 6:57 PM
- Cloud cover
- 47%
- 9th clearest
- Wind
- 14 km/h
- 6th windiest
- Solar energy
- 3.45 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 6.5
- out of 10
Mildura is regional city in Victoria, Australia.
- Density
- 446/km²
- people per km²
- Founded
- 1887
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in August
Highs climb over the month, from about 16°C in the first days to 19°C by the end.
A typical August day in Mildura reaches about 17°C in the afternoon and slips back to 6°C overnight — a 11°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 13°C and 22°C. Set against its neighbours, August runs about 2°C warmer than July and about 4°C cooler than September.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 |
| Avg low (°C) | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 16 | 6 |
| 2 | 16 | 6 |
| 3 | 16 | 6 |
| 4 | 16 | 6 |
| 5 | 16 | 6 |
| 6 | 16 | 6 |
| 7 | 16 | 6 |
| 8 | 17 | 6 |
| 9 | 17 | 6 |
| 10 | 17 | 6 |
| 11 | 17 | 6 |
| 12 | 17 | 6 |
| 13 | 17 | 6 |
| 14 | 17 | 6 |
| 15 | 17 | 6 |
| 16 | 17 | 6 |
| 17 | 17 | 6 |
| 18 | 17 | 6 |
| 19 | 18 | 6 |
| 20 | 18 | 6 |
| 21 | 18 | 6 |
| 22 | 18 | 6 |
| 23 | 18 | 6 |
| 24 | 18 | 6 |
| 25 | 18 | 6 |
| 26 | 18 | 7 |
| 27 | 19 | 7 |
| 28 | 19 | 7 |
| 29 | 19 | 7 |
| 30 | 19 | 7 |
| 31 | 19 | 7 |
How August really feels in Mildura
Once humidity and wind are folded in, August averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
August sits comfortably in between — no days that feel dangerously hot or drop to a hard freeze once humidity and wind are folded in.
Mildura weather by month
How August compares with the rest of the year at a glance. August is the 10th-warmest and 8th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 33° / 18° | 23 | 3.1 | 14 | 4.4 |
| Feb | 32° / 18° | 24 | 2.6 | 13.3 | 5.1 |
| Mar | 28° / 15° | 16 | 2.3 | 12.3 | 7.2 |
| Apr | 24° / 11° | 16 | 2.4 | 11.2 | 8.3 |
| May | 19° / 8° | 17 | 3.6 | 10.2 | 7.1 |
| Jun | 16° / 7° | 20 | 4.1 | 9.8 | 5.7 |
| Jul | 15° / 6° | 21 | 4.6 | 10 | 5.4 |
| Aug | 17° / 6° | 20 | 4.4 | 10.7 | 6.5 |
| Sep | 21° / 8° | 27 | 4.3 | 11.8 | 7.5 |
| Oct | 24° / 11° | 25 | 3.7 | 12.9 | 8.1 |
| Nov | 28° / 14° | 25 | 3.7 | 13.8 | 7.0 |
| Dec | 31° / 16° | 25 | 3.2 | 14.2 | 5.7 |
Cloud cover in August
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 40% of the time in August.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 23% of August, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 37%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 60 | 60 | 62 | 62 | 62 | 62 | 62 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 63 | 62 | 62 | 62 | 61 | 61 |
| Cloudier (%) | 40 | 40 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 39 | 39 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 60 | 40 |
| 2 | 60 | 40 |
| 3 | 62 | 38 |
| 4 | 62 | 38 |
| 5 | 62 | 38 |
| 6 | 62 | 38 |
| 7 | 62 | 38 |
| 8 | 63 | 37 |
| 9 | 63 | 37 |
| 10 | 63 | 37 |
| 11 | 63 | 37 |
| 12 | 63 | 37 |
| 13 | 63 | 37 |
| 14 | 64 | 36 |
| 15 | 64 | 36 |
| 16 | 64 | 36 |
| 17 | 64 | 36 |
| 18 | 65 | 35 |
| 19 | 65 | 35 |
| 20 | 65 | 35 |
| 21 | 64 | 36 |
| 22 | 64 | 36 |
| 23 | 64 | 36 |
| 24 | 64 | 36 |
| 25 | 64 | 36 |
| 26 | 63 | 37 |
| 27 | 62 | 38 |
| 28 | 62 | 38 |
| 29 | 62 | 38 |
| 30 | 61 | 39 |
| 31 | 61 | 39 |
Chance of precipitation in August
Mildura gets around 20 mm of rain over 4.4 wet days in August. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 14% and peaks near 15% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 15 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 15 |
| 2 | 15 |
| 3 | 15 |
| 4 | 15 |
| 5 | 15 |
| 6 | 15 |
| 7 | 15 |
| 8 | 15 |
| 9 | 15 |
| 10 | 15 |
| 11 | 15 |
| 12 | 15 |
| 13 | 14 |
| 14 | 14 |
| 15 | 14 |
| 16 | 14 |
| 17 | 13 |
| 18 | 13 |
| 19 | 13 |
| 20 | 13 |
| 21 | 13 |
| 22 | 13 |
| 23 | 13 |
| 24 | 14 |
| 25 | 14 |
| 26 | 14 |
| 27 | 14 |
| 28 | 14 |
| 29 | 14 |
| 30 | 15 |
| 31 | 15 |
Humidity in August
Most of August feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, August lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
| 29 | 100 |
| 30 | 100 |
| 31 | 100 |
Wind in August
Winds average 14 km/h in August.
Across August, daily wind ranges from about 13 km/h on the calmest days to 14 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 13 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 |
| Feels | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 13 | light breeze |
| 2 | 13 | light breeze |
| 3 | 13 | light breeze |
| 4 | 14 | light breeze |
| 5 | 14 | light breeze |
| 6 | 14 | light breeze |
| 7 | 14 | light breeze |
| 8 | 14 | light breeze |
| 9 | 14 | light breeze |
| 10 | 14 | light breeze |
| 11 | 14 | light breeze |
| 12 | 14 | light breeze |
| 13 | 14 | light breeze |
| 14 | 14 | light breeze |
| 15 | 14 | light breeze |
| 16 | 14 | light breeze |
| 17 | 14 | light breeze |
| 18 | 14 | light breeze |
| 19 | 14 | light breeze |
| 20 | 14 | light breeze |
| 21 | 14 | light breeze |
| 22 | 14 | light breeze |
| 23 | 14 | light breeze |
| 24 | 14 | light breeze |
| 25 | 14 | light breeze |
| 26 | 14 | light breeze |
| 27 | 14 | light breeze |
| 28 | 14 | light breeze |
| 29 | 14 | light breeze |
| 30 | 14 | light breeze |
| 31 | 14 | light breeze |
Sunrise & sunset in August
Daylight runs from about 10 h 18 min at the start of August to 11 h 12 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 54 minutes over August. Sunrise moves from 8:29 AM to 7:55 AM, and sunset from 6:46 PM to 7:08 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 10.3 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 10.4 | 10.4 | 10.4 | 10.4 | 10.5 | 10.5 | 10.5 | 10.6 | 10.6 | 10.6 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 10.8 | 10.8 | 10.8 | 10.9 | 10.9 | 10.9 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 11.1 | 11.1 | 11.1 | 11.2 | 11.2 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 8:29 | 8:28 | 8:27 | 8:26 | 8:26 | 8:25 | 8:24 | 8:23 | 8:22 | 8:21 | 8:20 | 8:19 | 8:17 | 8:16 | 8:15 | 8:14 | 8:13 | 8:12 | 8:10 | 8:09 | 8:08 | 8:07 | 8:06 | 8:04 | 8:03 | 8:02 | 8:00 | 7:59 | 7:58 | 7:56 | 7:55 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:46 | 6:46 | 6:47 | 6:48 | 6:49 | 6:49 | 6:50 | 6:51 | 6:52 | 6:52 | 6:53 | 6:54 | 6:55 | 6:55 | 6:56 | 6:57 | 6:58 | 6:58 | 6:59 | 7:00 | 7:01 | 7:01 | 7:02 | 7:03 | 7:04 | 7:04 | 7:05 | 7:06 | 7:06 | 7:07 | 7:08 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 10.3 | 8:29 | 6:46 |
| 2 | 10.3 | 8:28 | 6:46 |
| 3 | 10.3 | 8:27 | 6:47 |
| 4 | 10.4 | 8:26 | 6:48 |
| 5 | 10.4 | 8:26 | 6:49 |
| 6 | 10.4 | 8:25 | 6:49 |
| 7 | 10.4 | 8:24 | 6:50 |
| 8 | 10.5 | 8:23 | 6:51 |
| 9 | 10.5 | 8:22 | 6:52 |
| 10 | 10.5 | 8:21 | 6:52 |
| 11 | 10.6 | 8:20 | 6:53 |
| 12 | 10.6 | 8:19 | 6:54 |
| 13 | 10.6 | 8:17 | 6:55 |
| 14 | 10.7 | 8:16 | 6:55 |
| 15 | 10.7 | 8:15 | 6:56 |
| 16 | 10.7 | 8:14 | 6:57 |
| 17 | 10.7 | 8:13 | 6:58 |
| 18 | 10.8 | 8:12 | 6:58 |
| 19 | 10.8 | 8:10 | 6:59 |
| 20 | 10.8 | 8:09 | 7:00 |
| 21 | 10.9 | 8:08 | 7:01 |
| 22 | 10.9 | 8:07 | 7:01 |
| 23 | 10.9 | 8:06 | 7:02 |
| 24 | 11.0 | 8:04 | 7:03 |
| 25 | 11.0 | 8:03 | 7:04 |
| 26 | 11.0 | 8:02 | 7:04 |
| 27 | 11.1 | 8:00 | 7:05 |
| 28 | 11.1 | 7:59 | 7:06 |
| 29 | 11.1 | 7:58 | 7:06 |
| 30 | 11.2 | 7:56 | 7:07 |
| 31 | 11.2 | 7:55 | 7:08 |
Solar energy in August
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in August, about 3.45 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 2.35 kWh/m² to a high of 8.08 kWh/m² in January across the year — August's 3.45 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 2.9 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2.9 | Moderate |
| 2 | 3.0 | Moderate |
| 3 | 3.0 | Moderate |
| 4 | 3.0 | Moderate |
| 5 | 3.0 | Moderate |
| 6 | 3.1 | Moderate |
| 7 | 3.1 | Moderate |
| 8 | 3.1 | Moderate |
| 9 | 3.2 | Moderate |
| 10 | 3.2 | Moderate |
| 11 | 3.3 | Moderate |
| 12 | 3.3 | Moderate |
| 13 | 3.3 | Moderate |
| 14 | 3.4 | Moderate |
| 15 | 3.4 | Moderate |
| 16 | 3.4 | Moderate |
| 17 | 3.5 | Moderate |
| 18 | 3.5 | Moderate |
| 19 | 3.5 | Moderate |
| 20 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 21 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 22 | 3.7 | Moderate |
| 23 | 3.7 | Moderate |
| 24 | 3.8 | Moderate |
| 25 | 3.8 | Moderate |
| 26 | 3.8 | Moderate |
| 27 | 3.9 | Moderate |
| 28 | 3.9 | Moderate |
| 29 | 4.0 | Moderate |
| 30 | 4.0 | Moderate |
| 31 | 4.0 | Bright |
Is August a good time to visit Mildura?
Our two travel scores rate August for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
August is a reasonable time to visit Mildura for sightseeing.
What to pack for Mildura in August
From August's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In August, Mildura sees daytime highs around 17°C and nights near 6°C. Worth packing: a warm layer. About 4 days see rain.
UV index in Mildura in August
Clear-sky midday UV in August peaks around 4 — enough to warrant sun protection. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Mildura peaks around December 21 at about 13 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near June 22 at about 3 (moderate).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 10 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 13 | 12 | 9 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 11 | 13 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | High | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | High | Very high | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 13 | Extreme |
| Feb | 12 | Extreme |
| Mar | 9 | Very high |
| Apr | 6 | High |
| May | 3 | Moderate |
| Jun | 3 | Moderate |
| Jul | 3 | Moderate |
| Aug | 4 | Moderate |
| Sep | 6 | High |
| Oct | 8 | Very high |
| Nov | 11 | Extreme |
| Dec | 13 | Extreme |
Where is Mildura?
Mildura sits at 34.2°S, 142.2°E, 56 m above sea level, in Australia. The nearest listed city is Broken Hill, 256 km away.
Topography around Mildura
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Mildura.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Mildura has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 27 m around an average of 44 m above sea level; within 16 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 55 m; within 80 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 118 m.
The land around Mildura is covered by artificial surfaces (42%), grassland (25%) and trees (23%) within 3 km, grassland (51%) and trees (29%) within 16 km, and grassland (44%) and trees (32%) within 80 km.
Australia travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 1
- Exercise Normal Precautions
- Power plugs
- Type I
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 90% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $65,130
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.9 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Homicide rate
- 0.9
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 4.9
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Mildura (-34.1855°, 142.1625°, elevation 56 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).