La Paz weather in November
In November, La Paz sees average daytime highs of 16°C and overnight lows near 4°C, with 57 mm of precipitation across 16.2 wet days and about 12.8 hours of daylight. It is the 1st-warmest and 5th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 16°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 9% of the time in November, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 12 h 36 min at the start of November to 12 h 54 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, November is La Paz's 8th-clearest and 7th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see La Paz's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 16°
- 1st warmest
- Overnight low
- 4°
- 9th coldest
- Precipitation
- 57 mm
- 16.2 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 h 48 min
- 5:54 AM – 6:41 PM
- Cloud cover
- 76%
- 8th clearest
- Wind
- 7 km/h
- 7th windiest
- Solar energy
- 7.08 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 4.0
- out of 10
La Paz is seat of government of Bolivia.
- Air quality
- High
- PM10 82 µg/m³ · 2013
- Density
- 10,706/km²
- people per km²
- Founded
- 1548
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in November
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 16°C through the month.
A typical November day in La Paz reaches about 16°C in the afternoon and slips back to 4°C overnight — a 12°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 13°C and 18°C. Set against its neighbours, November runs on par with October and about 1°C warmer than December.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 |
| Avg low (°C) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 16 | 4 |
| 2 | 16 | 4 |
| 3 | 16 | 4 |
| 4 | 16 | 4 |
| 5 | 16 | 4 |
| 6 | 16 | 4 |
| 7 | 16 | 4 |
| 8 | 16 | 4 |
| 9 | 16 | 4 |
| 10 | 16 | 4 |
| 11 | 16 | 4 |
| 12 | 16 | 4 |
| 13 | 16 | 4 |
| 14 | 16 | 4 |
| 15 | 16 | 4 |
| 16 | 16 | 4 |
| 17 | 16 | 4 |
| 18 | 16 | 4 |
| 19 | 16 | 4 |
| 20 | 16 | 4 |
| 21 | 16 | 4 |
| 22 | 16 | 4 |
| 23 | 16 | 4 |
| 24 | 16 | 5 |
| 25 | 16 | 5 |
| 26 | 16 | 5 |
| 27 | 16 | 5 |
| 28 | 16 | 5 |
| 29 | 16 | 5 |
| 30 | 16 | 5 |
How November really feels in La Paz
Once humidity and wind are folded in, November averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
November sits comfortably in between — no days that feel dangerously hot or drop to a hard freeze once humidity and wind are folded in.
La Paz weather by month
How November compares with the rest of the year at a glance. November is the 1st-warmest and 5th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 14° / 5° | 132 | 26.4 | 0.8 | 12.9 | 2.4 |
| Feb | 14° / 4° | 115 | 23.2 | 0.6 | 12.6 | 2.4 |
| Mar | 14° / 4° | 89 | 23.4 | 0.5 | 12.1 | 2.7 |
| Apr | 14° / 3° | 43 | 13.8 | 0.3 | 11.6 | 3.8 |
| May | 15° / 0° | 16 | 5.4 | 0.5 | 11.2 | 5.0 |
| Jun | 14° / -2° | 11 | 3.6 | 0.8 | 11 | 4.9 |
| Jul | 14° / -2° | 14 | 4.4 | 1.4 | 11.1 | 4.8 |
| Aug | 14° / -1° | 21 | 6.9 | 1.4 | 11.4 | 4.8 |
| Sep | 15° / 1° | 36 | 12.5 | 1 | 11.9 | 4.5 |
| Oct | 16° / 3° | 55 | 16.1 | 1.1 | 12.4 | 4.1 |
| Nov | 16° / 4° | 57 | 16.2 | 0.4 | 12.8 | 4.0 |
| Dec | 15° / 5° | 112 | 22.8 | 0.7 | 13 | 3.0 |
Cloud cover in November
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 9% of the time in November.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 13% of November, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 77%. Skies tend to cloud over as the month goes on.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 30 | 30 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 28 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 26 | 26 | 25 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 22 | 22 | 21 | 21 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 18 | 17 | 16 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 12 |
| Cloudier (%) | 70 | 70 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 72 | 73 | 73 | 73 | 74 | 74 | 75 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 78 | 78 | 79 | 79 | 81 | 81 | 81 | 82 | 83 | 84 | 86 | 87 | 87 | 88 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 30 | 70 |
| 2 | 30 | 70 |
| 3 | 29 | 71 |
| 4 | 29 | 71 |
| 5 | 29 | 71 |
| 6 | 29 | 71 |
| 7 | 28 | 72 |
| 8 | 27 | 73 |
| 9 | 27 | 73 |
| 10 | 27 | 73 |
| 11 | 26 | 74 |
| 12 | 26 | 74 |
| 13 | 25 | 75 |
| 14 | 23 | 77 |
| 15 | 23 | 77 |
| 16 | 23 | 77 |
| 17 | 22 | 78 |
| 18 | 22 | 78 |
| 19 | 21 | 79 |
| 20 | 21 | 79 |
| 21 | 19 | 81 |
| 22 | 19 | 81 |
| 23 | 19 | 81 |
| 24 | 18 | 82 |
| 25 | 17 | 83 |
| 26 | 16 | 84 |
| 27 | 14 | 86 |
| 28 | 13 | 87 |
| 29 | 13 | 87 |
| 30 | 12 | 88 |
Chance of precipitation in November
La Paz gets around 57 mm of rain and snow over 16.2 wet days in November. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 55% and peaks near 63% on the wettest days, and about 0 day brings snow. The odds climb toward the end of the month.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 51 | 51 | 51 | 50 | 50 | 49 | 49 | 49 | 49 | 49 | 50 | 50 | 51 | 51 | 52 | 53 | 54 | 55 | 56 | 57 | 58 | 59 | 60 | 60 | 61 | 61 | 62 | 62 | 63 | 63 |
| Snow chance (%) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Rain chance (%) | Snow chance (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 51 | 3 |
| 2 | 51 | 3 |
| 3 | 51 | 3 |
| 4 | 50 | 2 |
| 5 | 50 | 2 |
| 6 | 49 | 2 |
| 7 | 49 | 2 |
| 8 | 49 | 2 |
| 9 | 49 | 2 |
| 10 | 49 | 1 |
| 11 | 50 | 1 |
| 12 | 50 | 1 |
| 13 | 51 | 1 |
| 14 | 51 | 1 |
| 15 | 52 | 1 |
| 16 | 53 | 1 |
| 17 | 54 | 1 |
| 18 | 55 | 1 |
| 19 | 56 | 1 |
| 20 | 57 | 1 |
| 21 | 58 | 1 |
| 22 | 59 | 1 |
| 23 | 60 | 1 |
| 24 | 60 | 1 |
| 25 | 61 | 2 |
| 26 | 61 | 2 |
| 27 | 62 | 2 |
| 28 | 62 | 2 |
| 29 | 63 | 2 |
| 30 | 63 | 2 |
Humidity in November
Most of November feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, November lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
| 29 | 100 |
| 30 | 100 |
Wind in November
Winds average 7 km/h in November.
Across November, daily wind ranges from about 7 km/h on the calmest days to 7 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 7 | calm |
| 2 | 7 | calm |
| 3 | 7 | calm |
| 4 | 7 | calm |
| 5 | 7 | calm |
| 6 | 7 | calm |
| 7 | 7 | calm |
| 8 | 7 | calm |
| 9 | 7 | calm |
| 10 | 7 | calm |
| 11 | 7 | calm |
| 12 | 7 | calm |
| 13 | 7 | calm |
| 14 | 7 | calm |
| 15 | 7 | calm |
| 16 | 7 | calm |
| 17 | 7 | calm |
| 18 | 7 | calm |
| 19 | 7 | calm |
| 20 | 7 | calm |
| 21 | 7 | calm |
| 22 | 7 | calm |
| 23 | 7 | calm |
| 24 | 7 | calm |
| 25 | 7 | calm |
| 26 | 7 | calm |
| 27 | 7 | calm |
| 28 | 7 | calm |
| 29 | 7 | calm |
| 30 | 7 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in November
Daylight runs from about 12 h 36 min at the start of November to 12 h 54 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 18 minutes over November. Sunrise moves from 5:58 AM to 5:55 AM, and sunset from 6:34 PM to 6:49 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 5:58 | 5:58 | 5:57 | 5:57 | 5:57 | 5:56 | 5:56 | 5:56 | 5:56 | 5:55 | 5:55 | 5:55 | 5:55 | 5:55 | 5:54 | 5:54 | 5:54 | 5:54 | 5:54 | 5:54 | 5:54 | 5:54 | 5:54 | 5:54 | 5:54 | 5:54 | 5:54 | 5:55 | 5:55 | 5:55 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:34 | 6:35 | 6:35 | 6:36 | 6:36 | 6:36 | 6:37 | 6:37 | 6:38 | 6:38 | 6:39 | 6:39 | 6:40 | 6:40 | 6:41 | 6:41 | 6:42 | 6:42 | 6:43 | 6:44 | 6:44 | 6:45 | 6:45 | 6:46 | 6:46 | 6:47 | 6:47 | 6:48 | 6:49 | 6:49 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12.6 | 5:58 | 6:34 |
| 2 | 12.6 | 5:58 | 6:35 |
| 3 | 12.6 | 5:57 | 6:35 |
| 4 | 12.6 | 5:57 | 6:36 |
| 5 | 12.7 | 5:57 | 6:36 |
| 6 | 12.7 | 5:56 | 6:36 |
| 7 | 12.7 | 5:56 | 6:37 |
| 8 | 12.7 | 5:56 | 6:37 |
| 9 | 12.7 | 5:56 | 6:38 |
| 10 | 12.7 | 5:55 | 6:38 |
| 11 | 12.7 | 5:55 | 6:39 |
| 12 | 12.7 | 5:55 | 6:39 |
| 13 | 12.8 | 5:55 | 6:40 |
| 14 | 12.8 | 5:55 | 6:40 |
| 15 | 12.8 | 5:54 | 6:41 |
| 16 | 12.8 | 5:54 | 6:41 |
| 17 | 12.8 | 5:54 | 6:42 |
| 18 | 12.8 | 5:54 | 6:42 |
| 19 | 12.8 | 5:54 | 6:43 |
| 20 | 12.8 | 5:54 | 6:44 |
| 21 | 12.8 | 5:54 | 6:44 |
| 22 | 12.8 | 5:54 | 6:45 |
| 23 | 12.9 | 5:54 | 6:45 |
| 24 | 12.9 | 5:54 | 6:46 |
| 25 | 12.9 | 5:54 | 6:46 |
| 26 | 12.9 | 5:54 | 6:47 |
| 27 | 12.9 | 5:54 | 6:47 |
| 28 | 12.9 | 5:55 | 6:48 |
| 29 | 12.9 | 5:55 | 6:49 |
| 30 | 12.9 | 5:55 | 6:49 |
Solar energy in November
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in November, about 7.08 kWh/m² — the sunniest month for solar.
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 5.25 kWh/m² to a high of 7.08 kWh/m² in November across the year — November's 7.08 kWh/m² sits near the top of that range.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 7.1 | 7.1 | 7.1 | 7.2 | 7.2 | 7.2 | 7.2 | 7.2 | 7.2 | 7.2 | 7.2 | 7.2 | 7.1 | 7.1 | 7.1 | 7.1 | 7.1 | 7.1 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.7 |
| Level | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 7.1 | Intense |
| 2 | 7.1 | Intense |
| 3 | 7.1 | Intense |
| 4 | 7.2 | Intense |
| 5 | 7.2 | Intense |
| 6 | 7.2 | Intense |
| 7 | 7.2 | Intense |
| 8 | 7.2 | Intense |
| 9 | 7.2 | Intense |
| 10 | 7.2 | Intense |
| 11 | 7.2 | Intense |
| 12 | 7.2 | Intense |
| 13 | 7.1 | Intense |
| 14 | 7.1 | Intense |
| 15 | 7.1 | Intense |
| 16 | 7.1 | Intense |
| 17 | 7.1 | Intense |
| 18 | 7.1 | Intense |
| 19 | 7.0 | Intense |
| 20 | 7.0 | Intense |
| 21 | 7.0 | Intense |
| 22 | 7.0 | Intense |
| 23 | 6.9 | Intense |
| 24 | 6.9 | Intense |
| 25 | 6.9 | Intense |
| 26 | 6.8 | Intense |
| 27 | 6.8 | Intense |
| 28 | 6.8 | Intense |
| 29 | 6.8 | Intense |
| 30 | 6.7 | Intense |
Hazard calendar for La Paz
None of La Paz's seasonal hazards are active in November. The full-year calendar below shows when the rainy season, cyclone risk and dust haze do peak.
La Paz's rainy season runs December–March, when most of the year's rain falls.
Is November a good time to visit La Paz?
Our two travel scores rate November for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
November is a reasonable time to visit La Paz for sightseeing.
What to pack for La Paz in November
From November's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In November, La Paz sees daytime highs around 16°C and nights near 4°C. Pack rain gear and sun protection. Worth having: a warm layer. About 16 days see rain.
UV index in La Paz in November
Clear-sky midday UV in November peaks around 17 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in La Paz peaks around February 8 at about 18 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near July 11 at about 9 (very high).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 18 | 19 | 17 | 14 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 13 | 14 | 16 | 17 | 17 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | Very high | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 18 | Extreme |
| Feb | 19 | Extreme |
| Mar | 17 | Extreme |
| Apr | 14 | Extreme |
| May | 11 | Extreme |
| Jun | 10 | Very high |
| Jul | 9 | Very high |
| Aug | 13 | Extreme |
| Sep | 14 | Extreme |
| Oct | 16 | Extreme |
| Nov | 17 | Extreme |
| Dec | 17 | Extreme |
Where is La Paz?
La Paz sits at 16.5°S, 68.2°W, 3,782 m above sea level, in Bolivia. The nearest listed city is Achocalla, 8.0 km away.
Topography around La Paz
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of La Paz.
Within 3 km, the terrain around La Paz has large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 670 m around an average of 3,872 m above sea level; within 16 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 2,225 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 5,726 m.
The land around La Paz is covered by artificial surfaces (83%) within 3 km, grassland (54%) and artificial surfaces (29%) within 16 km, and grassland (57%) and trees (20%) within 80 km.
Bolivia travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type A / B / C
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 40% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $5,148
- 2025
- Happiness
- 5.8 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Homicide rate
- 4.4
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 21.1
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Lower middle
- World Bank
- English
- Moderate
- EF EPI 521
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for La Paz (-16.5°, -68.15°, elevation 3,782 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).