Tarija weather in November
In November, Tarija sees average daytime highs of 20°C and overnight lows near 10°C, with 130 mm of precipitation across 20.5 wet days and about 13 hours of daylight. It is the 3rd-warmest and 5th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 20°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 8% of the time in November, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 12 h 48 min at the start of November to 13 h 12 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, November is Tarija's 8th-clearest and 6th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Tarija's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 20°
- 3rd warmest
- Overnight low
- 10°
- 8th coldest
- Precipitation
- 130 mm
- 20.5 wet days
- Daylight
- 13 hours
- 5:33 AM – 6:36 PM
- Cloud cover
- 75%
- 8th clearest
- Wind
- 7 km/h
- 6th windiest
- Solar energy
- 6.24 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 4.6
- out of 10
Tarija is city of Bolivia.
- Founded
- 1574
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in November
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 20°C through the month.
A typical November day in Tarija reaches about 20°C in the afternoon and slips back to 10°C overnight — a 11°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 15°C and 25°C. Set against its neighbours, November runs on par with October and on par with December.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
| Avg low (°C) | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 20 | 9 |
| 2 | 20 | 9 |
| 3 | 20 | 9 |
| 4 | 20 | 9 |
| 5 | 20 | 9 |
| 6 | 20 | 9 |
| 7 | 20 | 9 |
| 8 | 20 | 9 |
| 9 | 20 | 9 |
| 10 | 20 | 9 |
| 11 | 20 | 10 |
| 12 | 20 | 10 |
| 13 | 20 | 10 |
| 14 | 20 | 10 |
| 15 | 20 | 10 |
| 16 | 20 | 10 |
| 17 | 20 | 10 |
| 18 | 20 | 10 |
| 19 | 20 | 10 |
| 20 | 20 | 10 |
| 21 | 20 | 10 |
| 22 | 20 | 10 |
| 23 | 20 | 10 |
| 24 | 20 | 10 |
| 25 | 20 | 10 |
| 26 | 20 | 10 |
| 27 | 20 | 10 |
| 28 | 20 | 10 |
| 29 | 20 | 10 |
| 30 | 20 | 10 |
How November really feels in Tarija
Once humidity and wind are folded in, November averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
November sits comfortably in between — no days that feel dangerously hot or drop to a hard freeze once humidity and wind are folded in.
Tarija weather by month
How November compares with the rest of the year at a glance. November is the 3rd-warmest and 5th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 20° / 11° | 220 | 24.9 | 13.2 | 4.0 |
| Feb | 20° / 11° | 190 | 21.8 | 12.7 | 4.1 |
| Mar | 20° / 10° | 163 | 21.8 | 12.2 | 4.5 |
| Apr | 19° / 9° | 72 | 13.8 | 11.5 | 5.5 |
| May | 19° / 6° | 24 | 6.9 | 11 | 6.6 |
| Jun | 19° / 3° | 9 | 3.2 | 10.7 | 7.3 |
| Jul | 18° / 2° | 9 | 2.7 | 10.8 | 7.4 |
| Aug | 19° / 4° | 15 | 4.5 | 11.3 | 7.4 |
| Sep | 20° / 6° | 34 | 8.4 | 11.9 | 6.7 |
| Oct | 21° / 9° | 86 | 17.3 | 12.5 | 5.3 |
| Nov | 20° / 10° | 130 | 20.5 | 13 | 4.6 |
| Dec | 21° / 11° | 194 | 24.5 | 13.3 | 4.2 |
Cloud cover in November
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 8% of the time in November.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 15% of November, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 77%. Skies tend to cloud over as the month goes on.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 32 | 31 | 31 | 30 | 29 | 28 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 26 | 25 | 23 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 21 | 21 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 18 | 17 | 16 |
| Cloudier (%) | 68 | 69 | 69 | 70 | 71 | 72 | 73 | 73 | 73 | 74 | 75 | 77 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 79 | 79 | 80 | 80 | 80 | 80 | 80 | 80 | 81 | 81 | 81 | 81 | 82 | 83 | 84 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 32 | 68 |
| 2 | 31 | 69 |
| 3 | 31 | 69 |
| 4 | 30 | 70 |
| 5 | 29 | 71 |
| 6 | 28 | 72 |
| 7 | 27 | 73 |
| 8 | 27 | 73 |
| 9 | 27 | 73 |
| 10 | 26 | 74 |
| 11 | 25 | 75 |
| 12 | 23 | 77 |
| 13 | 22 | 78 |
| 14 | 22 | 78 |
| 15 | 22 | 78 |
| 16 | 21 | 79 |
| 17 | 21 | 79 |
| 18 | 20 | 80 |
| 19 | 20 | 80 |
| 20 | 20 | 80 |
| 21 | 20 | 80 |
| 22 | 20 | 80 |
| 23 | 20 | 80 |
| 24 | 19 | 81 |
| 25 | 19 | 81 |
| 26 | 19 | 81 |
| 27 | 19 | 81 |
| 28 | 18 | 82 |
| 29 | 17 | 83 |
| 30 | 16 | 84 |
Chance of precipitation in November
Tarija gets around 130 mm of rain and snow over 20.5 wet days in November. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 69% and peaks near 77% on the wettest days, and about 0 day brings snow. The odds climb toward the end of the month.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 62 | 62 | 62 | 62 | 63 | 63 | 64 | 64 | 65 | 66 | 66 | 67 | 68 | 68 | 69 | 69 | 70 | 70 | 71 | 71 | 72 | 73 | 73 | 74 | 75 | 75 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 77 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 62 |
| 2 | 62 |
| 3 | 62 |
| 4 | 62 |
| 5 | 63 |
| 6 | 63 |
| 7 | 64 |
| 8 | 64 |
| 9 | 65 |
| 10 | 66 |
| 11 | 66 |
| 12 | 67 |
| 13 | 68 |
| 14 | 68 |
| 15 | 69 |
| 16 | 69 |
| 17 | 70 |
| 18 | 70 |
| 19 | 71 |
| 20 | 71 |
| 21 | 72 |
| 22 | 73 |
| 23 | 73 |
| 24 | 74 |
| 25 | 75 |
| 26 | 75 |
| 27 | 76 |
| 28 | 76 |
| 29 | 76 |
| 30 | 77 |
Humidity in November
Most of November feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, November lands in the dry band about 90% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 94 | 94 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 89 | 89 | 88 | 88 | 87 | 86 | 86 | 85 | 84 | 83 | 83 |
| Comfortable (%) | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 17 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 94 | 6 |
| 2 | 94 | 6 |
| 3 | 93 | 7 |
| 4 | 93 | 7 |
| 5 | 93 | 7 |
| 6 | 92 | 8 |
| 7 | 92 | 8 |
| 8 | 92 | 8 |
| 9 | 92 | 8 |
| 10 | 92 | 8 |
| 11 | 92 | 8 |
| 12 | 92 | 8 |
| 13 | 91 | 9 |
| 14 | 91 | 9 |
| 15 | 91 | 9 |
| 16 | 91 | 9 |
| 17 | 90 | 10 |
| 18 | 90 | 10 |
| 19 | 90 | 10 |
| 20 | 89 | 11 |
| 21 | 89 | 11 |
| 22 | 88 | 12 |
| 23 | 88 | 12 |
| 24 | 87 | 13 |
| 25 | 86 | 14 |
| 26 | 86 | 14 |
| 27 | 85 | 15 |
| 28 | 84 | 16 |
| 29 | 83 | 17 |
| 30 | 83 | 17 |
Wind in November
Winds average 7 km/h in November.
Across November, daily wind ranges from about 7 km/h on the calmest days to 7 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 7 | calm |
| 2 | 7 | calm |
| 3 | 7 | calm |
| 4 | 7 | calm |
| 5 | 7 | calm |
| 6 | 7 | calm |
| 7 | 7 | calm |
| 8 | 7 | calm |
| 9 | 7 | calm |
| 10 | 7 | calm |
| 11 | 7 | calm |
| 12 | 7 | calm |
| 13 | 7 | calm |
| 14 | 7 | calm |
| 15 | 7 | calm |
| 16 | 7 | calm |
| 17 | 7 | calm |
| 18 | 7 | calm |
| 19 | 7 | calm |
| 20 | 7 | calm |
| 21 | 7 | calm |
| 22 | 7 | calm |
| 23 | 7 | calm |
| 24 | 7 | calm |
| 25 | 7 | calm |
| 26 | 7 | calm |
| 27 | 7 | calm |
| 28 | 7 | calm |
| 29 | 7 | calm |
| 30 | 7 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in November
Daylight runs from about 12 h 48 min at the start of November to 13 h 12 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 24 minutes over November. Sunrise moves from 5:38 AM to 5:32 AM, and sunset from 6:27 PM to 6:45 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 13.1 | 13.1 | 13.1 | 13.1 | 13.1 | 13.1 | 13.1 | 13.1 | 13.2 | 13.2 | 13.2 | 13.2 | 13.2 | 13.2 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 5:38 | 5:38 | 5:37 | 5:37 | 5:36 | 5:36 | 5:36 | 5:35 | 5:35 | 5:34 | 5:34 | 5:34 | 5:34 | 5:33 | 5:33 | 5:33 | 5:33 | 5:32 | 5:32 | 5:32 | 5:32 | 5:32 | 5:32 | 5:32 | 5:32 | 5:32 | 5:32 | 5:32 | 5:32 | 5:32 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:27 | 6:27 | 6:28 | 6:28 | 6:29 | 6:29 | 6:30 | 6:31 | 6:31 | 6:32 | 6:32 | 6:33 | 6:34 | 6:34 | 6:35 | 6:36 | 6:36 | 6:37 | 6:37 | 6:38 | 6:39 | 6:39 | 6:40 | 6:41 | 6:41 | 6:42 | 6:43 | 6:43 | 6:44 | 6:45 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12.8 | 5:38 | 6:27 |
| 2 | 12.8 | 5:38 | 6:27 |
| 3 | 12.8 | 5:37 | 6:28 |
| 4 | 12.9 | 5:37 | 6:28 |
| 5 | 12.9 | 5:36 | 6:29 |
| 6 | 12.9 | 5:36 | 6:29 |
| 7 | 12.9 | 5:36 | 6:30 |
| 8 | 12.9 | 5:35 | 6:31 |
| 9 | 12.9 | 5:35 | 6:31 |
| 10 | 13.0 | 5:34 | 6:32 |
| 11 | 13.0 | 5:34 | 6:32 |
| 12 | 13.0 | 5:34 | 6:33 |
| 13 | 13.0 | 5:34 | 6:34 |
| 14 | 13.0 | 5:33 | 6:34 |
| 15 | 13.0 | 5:33 | 6:35 |
| 16 | 13.0 | 5:33 | 6:36 |
| 17 | 13.1 | 5:33 | 6:36 |
| 18 | 13.1 | 5:32 | 6:37 |
| 19 | 13.1 | 5:32 | 6:37 |
| 20 | 13.1 | 5:32 | 6:38 |
| 21 | 13.1 | 5:32 | 6:39 |
| 22 | 13.1 | 5:32 | 6:39 |
| 23 | 13.1 | 5:32 | 6:40 |
| 24 | 13.1 | 5:32 | 6:41 |
| 25 | 13.2 | 5:32 | 6:41 |
| 26 | 13.2 | 5:32 | 6:42 |
| 27 | 13.2 | 5:32 | 6:43 |
| 28 | 13.2 | 5:32 | 6:43 |
| 29 | 13.2 | 5:32 | 6:44 |
| 30 | 13.2 | 5:32 | 6:45 |
Solar energy in November
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in November, about 6.24 kWh/m² — the sunniest month for solar.
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 4.54 kWh/m² to a high of 6.24 kWh/m² in October across the year — November's 6.24 kWh/m² sits near the top of that range.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 |
| Level | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 2 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 3 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 4 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 5 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 6 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 7 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 8 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 9 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 10 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 11 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 12 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 13 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 14 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 15 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 16 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 17 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 18 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 19 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 20 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 21 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 22 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 23 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 24 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 25 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 26 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 27 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 28 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 29 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 30 | 6.1 | Intense |
Hazard calendar for Tarija
In November, Tarija sits inside its monsoon season. The full year is below, with each hazard's peak months called out.
Tarija's monsoon runs November–March, when most of the year's rain falls.
Is November a good time to visit Tarija?
Our two travel scores rate November for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
November is a reasonable time to visit Tarija for sightseeing.
What to pack for Tarija in November
From November's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In November, Tarija sees daytime highs around 20°C and nights near 10°C. Pack rain gear and sun protection. About 21 days see rain.
UV index in Tarija in November
Clear-sky midday UV in November peaks around 15 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Tarija peaks around January 18 at about 17 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near July 11 at about 7 (high).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 17 | 17 | 15 | 12 | 9 | 7 | 7 | 10 | 12 | 15 | 15 | 17 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | Very high | High | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 17 | Extreme |
| Feb | 17 | Extreme |
| Mar | 15 | Extreme |
| Apr | 12 | Extreme |
| May | 9 | Very high |
| Jun | 7 | Very high |
| Jul | 7 | High |
| Aug | 10 | Extreme |
| Sep | 12 | Extreme |
| Oct | 15 | Extreme |
| Nov | 15 | Extreme |
| Dec | 17 | Extreme |
Where is Tarija?
Tarija sits at 21.5°S, 64.7°W, 1,870 m above sea level, in Bolivia. The nearest listed city is Tupiza, 103 km away.
Topography around Tarija
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Tarija.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Tarija has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 108 m around an average of 1,886 m above sea level; within 16 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 2,129 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 4,049 m.
The land around Tarija is covered by artificial surfaces (60%) within 3 km, grassland (56%) within 16 km, and grassland (49%) and trees (33%) within 80 km.
Bolivia travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type A / B / C
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 40% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $5,148
- 2025
- Happiness
- 5.8 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Homicide rate
- 4.4
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 21.1
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Lower middle
- World Bank
- English
- Moderate
- EF EPI 521
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Tarija (-21.5355°, -64.7296°, elevation 1,870 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).