Batalha weather in November
In November, Batalha sees average daytime highs of 33°C and overnight lows near 23°C, with 26 mm of rain across 3.3 wet days and about 12.4 hours of daylight. It is the 4th-warmest and 9th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 33°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 37% of the time in November, and the air most often feels muggy.
Daylight stretches from about 12 h 18 min at the start of November to 12 h 30 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, November is Batalha's 3rd-clearest and 2nd-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Batalha's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 33°
- 4th warmest
- Overnight low
- 23°
- 7th coldest
- Rainfall
- 26 mm
- 3.3 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 h 30 min
- 5:00 AM – 5:27 PM
- Cloud cover
- 51%
- 3rd clearest
- Wind
- 13 km/h
- 2nd windiest
- Solar energy
- 6.34 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 4.1
- out of 10
Temperature in November
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 33°C through the month.
A typical November day in Batalha reaches about 33°C in the afternoon and slips back to 23°C overnight — a 10°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 31°C and 35°C. Set against its neighbours, November runs about 1°C warmer than October and on par with December.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 34 | 34 |
| Avg low (°C) | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 33 | 22 |
| 2 | 33 | 22 |
| 3 | 33 | 22 |
| 4 | 33 | 22 |
| 5 | 33 | 22 |
| 6 | 33 | 22 |
| 7 | 33 | 22 |
| 8 | 33 | 23 |
| 9 | 33 | 23 |
| 10 | 33 | 23 |
| 11 | 33 | 23 |
| 12 | 33 | 23 |
| 13 | 33 | 23 |
| 14 | 33 | 23 |
| 15 | 33 | 23 |
| 16 | 33 | 23 |
| 17 | 33 | 23 |
| 18 | 33 | 23 |
| 19 | 33 | 23 |
| 20 | 33 | 23 |
| 21 | 33 | 23 |
| 22 | 33 | 23 |
| 23 | 33 | 23 |
| 24 | 33 | 23 |
| 25 | 33 | 23 |
| 26 | 33 | 23 |
| 27 | 33 | 23 |
| 28 | 33 | 23 |
| 29 | 34 | 23 |
| 30 | 34 | 23 |
How November really feels in Batalha
Once humidity and wind are folded in, November averages 30 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
The story in November is heat — humidity pushes the afternoon "feels like" well above the raw temperature.
Batalha weather by month
How November compares with the rest of the year at a glance. November is the 4th-warmest and 9th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 33° / 23° | 34 | 7 | 12.5 | 3.5 |
| Feb | 33° / 24° | 35 | 7.8 | 12.3 | 3.5 |
| Mar | 33° / 24° | 44 | 10 | 12.1 | 3.5 |
| Apr | 32° / 23° | 51 | 11.5 | 11.8 | 3.9 |
| May | 30° / 22° | 59 | 14.7 | 11.6 | 4.6 |
| Jun | 28° / 21° | 53 | 16.2 | 11.4 | 5.4 |
| Jul | 27° / 20° | 48 | 16.3 | 11.5 | 5.6 |
| Aug | 28° / 20° | 32 | 12.7 | 11.7 | 6.0 |
| Sep | 30° / 21° | 21 | 8.6 | 11.9 | 5.5 |
| Oct | 32° / 22° | 16 | 4.8 | 12.2 | 4.8 |
| Nov | 33° / 23° | 26 | 3.3 | 12.4 | 4.1 |
| Dec | 34° / 23° | 16 | 4 | 12.6 | 3.7 |
Cloud cover in November
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 37% of the time in November.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 28% of November, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 35%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 71 | 71 | 72 | 71 | 71 | 72 | 72 | 72 | 71 | 70 | 69 | 69 | 68 | 67 | 65 | 65 | 64 | 62 | 61 | 60 | 59 | 59 | 59 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 59 | 59 | 59 |
| Cloudier (%) | 29 | 29 | 28 | 29 | 29 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 35 | 35 | 36 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 41 | 41 | 41 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 71 | 29 |
| 2 | 71 | 29 |
| 3 | 72 | 28 |
| 4 | 71 | 29 |
| 5 | 71 | 29 |
| 6 | 72 | 28 |
| 7 | 72 | 28 |
| 8 | 72 | 28 |
| 9 | 71 | 29 |
| 10 | 70 | 30 |
| 11 | 69 | 31 |
| 12 | 69 | 31 |
| 13 | 68 | 32 |
| 14 | 67 | 33 |
| 15 | 65 | 35 |
| 16 | 65 | 35 |
| 17 | 64 | 36 |
| 18 | 62 | 38 |
| 19 | 61 | 39 |
| 20 | 60 | 40 |
| 21 | 59 | 41 |
| 22 | 59 | 41 |
| 23 | 59 | 41 |
| 24 | 58 | 42 |
| 25 | 58 | 42 |
| 26 | 58 | 42 |
| 27 | 58 | 42 |
| 28 | 59 | 41 |
| 29 | 59 | 41 |
| 30 | 59 | 41 |
Chance of precipitation in November
Batalha gets around 26 mm of rain over 3.3 wet days in November. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 11% and peaks near 13% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 13 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 13 |
| 2 | 13 |
| 3 | 13 |
| 4 | 12 |
| 5 | 12 |
| 6 | 11 |
| 7 | 11 |
| 8 | 11 |
| 9 | 10 |
| 10 | 10 |
| 11 | 10 |
| 12 | 10 |
| 13 | 10 |
| 14 | 10 |
| 15 | 10 |
| 16 | 10 |
| 17 | 10 |
| 18 | 10 |
| 19 | 10 |
| 20 | 11 |
| 21 | 11 |
| 22 | 11 |
| 23 | 11 |
| 24 | 11 |
| 25 | 11 |
| 26 | 11 |
| 27 | 11 |
| 28 | 11 |
| 29 | 11 |
| 30 | 11 |
Humidity in November
Most of November feels muggy — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, November lands in the muggy band about 87% of days. Sticky, muggy-or-worse air turns up on roughly 96% of them.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Humid (%) | 7 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Muggy (%) | 84 | 84 | 84 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 89 | 89 | 89 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 89 | 89 | 89 | 89 | 89 |
| Oppressive (%) | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
| Humid (%) | Muggy (%) | Oppressive (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 7 | 84 | 9 |
| 2 | 7 | 84 | 9 |
| 3 | 7 | 84 | 9 |
| 4 | 6 | 85 | 9 |
| 5 | 6 | 85 | 9 |
| 6 | 6 | 85 | 9 |
| 7 | 5 | 86 | 9 |
| 8 | 5 | 86 | 9 |
| 9 | 5 | 86 | 9 |
| 10 | 5 | 86 | 9 |
| 11 | 4 | 87 | 9 |
| 12 | 4 | 87 | 9 |
| 13 | 4 | 87 | 9 |
| 14 | 3 | 88 | 9 |
| 15 | 3 | 88 | 9 |
| 16 | 3 | 88 | 9 |
| 17 | 3 | 88 | 9 |
| 18 | 2 | 89 | 9 |
| 19 | 2 | 89 | 9 |
| 20 | 2 | 89 | 9 |
| 21 | 2 | 88 | 10 |
| 22 | 2 | 88 | 10 |
| 23 | 2 | 88 | 10 |
| 24 | 2 | 88 | 10 |
| 25 | 2 | 88 | 10 |
| 26 | 2 | 89 | 9 |
| 27 | 2 | 89 | 9 |
| 28 | 2 | 89 | 9 |
| 29 | 2 | 89 | 9 |
| 30 | 2 | 89 | 9 |
Wind in November
Winds average 13 km/h in November.
Across November, daily wind ranges from about 13 km/h on the calmest days to 13 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 |
| Feels | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 13 | light breeze |
| 2 | 13 | light breeze |
| 3 | 13 | light breeze |
| 4 | 13 | light breeze |
| 5 | 13 | light breeze |
| 6 | 13 | light breeze |
| 7 | 13 | light breeze |
| 8 | 13 | light breeze |
| 9 | 13 | light breeze |
| 10 | 13 | light breeze |
| 11 | 13 | light breeze |
| 12 | 13 | light breeze |
| 13 | 13 | light breeze |
| 14 | 13 | light breeze |
| 15 | 13 | light breeze |
| 16 | 13 | light breeze |
| 17 | 13 | light breeze |
| 18 | 13 | light breeze |
| 19 | 13 | light breeze |
| 20 | 13 | light breeze |
| 21 | 13 | light breeze |
| 22 | 13 | light breeze |
| 23 | 13 | light breeze |
| 24 | 13 | light breeze |
| 25 | 13 | light breeze |
| 26 | 13 | light breeze |
| 27 | 13 | light breeze |
| 28 | 13 | light breeze |
| 29 | 13 | light breeze |
| 30 | 13 | light breeze |
Sunrise & sunset in November
Daylight runs from about 12 h 18 min at the start of November to 12 h 30 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 12 minutes over November. Sunrise moves from 5:02 AM to 5:02 AM, and sunset from 5:23 PM to 5:34 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 12.3 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 5:02 | 5:01 | 5:01 | 5:01 | 5:01 | 5:01 | 5:01 | 5:00 | 5:00 | 5:00 | 5:00 | 5:00 | 5:00 | 5:00 | 5:00 | 5:00 | 5:00 | 5:00 | 5:00 | 5:00 | 5:01 | 5:01 | 5:01 | 5:01 | 5:01 | 5:01 | 5:02 | 5:02 | 5:02 | 5:02 |
| Sunset (PM) | 5:23 | 5:23 | 5:23 | 5:23 | 5:24 | 5:24 | 5:24 | 5:24 | 5:25 | 5:25 | 5:25 | 5:26 | 5:26 | 5:27 | 5:27 | 5:27 | 5:28 | 5:28 | 5:29 | 5:29 | 5:29 | 5:30 | 5:30 | 5:31 | 5:31 | 5:32 | 5:32 | 5:33 | 5:33 | 5:34 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12.3 | 5:02 | 5:23 |
| 2 | 12.4 | 5:01 | 5:23 |
| 3 | 12.4 | 5:01 | 5:23 |
| 4 | 12.4 | 5:01 | 5:23 |
| 5 | 12.4 | 5:01 | 5:24 |
| 6 | 12.4 | 5:01 | 5:24 |
| 7 | 12.4 | 5:01 | 5:24 |
| 8 | 12.4 | 5:00 | 5:24 |
| 9 | 12.4 | 5:00 | 5:25 |
| 10 | 12.4 | 5:00 | 5:25 |
| 11 | 12.4 | 5:00 | 5:25 |
| 12 | 12.4 | 5:00 | 5:26 |
| 13 | 12.4 | 5:00 | 5:26 |
| 14 | 12.4 | 5:00 | 5:27 |
| 15 | 12.4 | 5:00 | 5:27 |
| 16 | 12.5 | 5:00 | 5:27 |
| 17 | 12.5 | 5:00 | 5:28 |
| 18 | 12.5 | 5:00 | 5:28 |
| 19 | 12.5 | 5:00 | 5:29 |
| 20 | 12.5 | 5:00 | 5:29 |
| 21 | 12.5 | 5:01 | 5:29 |
| 22 | 12.5 | 5:01 | 5:30 |
| 23 | 12.5 | 5:01 | 5:30 |
| 24 | 12.5 | 5:01 | 5:31 |
| 25 | 12.5 | 5:01 | 5:31 |
| 26 | 12.5 | 5:01 | 5:32 |
| 27 | 12.5 | 5:02 | 5:32 |
| 28 | 12.5 | 5:02 | 5:33 |
| 29 | 12.5 | 5:02 | 5:33 |
| 30 | 12.5 | 5:02 | 5:34 |
Solar energy in November
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in November, about 6.34 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 3.79 kWh/m² to a high of 6.36 kWh/m² in December across the year — November's 6.34 kWh/m² sits near the top of that range.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 |
| Level | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 2 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 3 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 4 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 5 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 6 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 7 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 8 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 9 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 10 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 11 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 12 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 13 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 14 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 15 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 16 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 17 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 18 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 19 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 20 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 21 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 22 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 23 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 24 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 25 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 26 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 27 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 28 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 29 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 30 | 6.4 | Intense |
Is November a good time to visit Batalha?
Our two travel scores rate November for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
November is a reasonable time to visit Batalha for sightseeing. The water and warmth also suit a beach or pool day.
What to pack for Batalha in November
From November's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In November, Batalha sees daytime highs around 33°C and nights near 23°C. Pack light clothes and sun protection. About 3 days see rain.
UV index in Batalha in November
Clear-sky midday UV in November peaks around 12 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Batalha peaks around February 21 at about 15 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near July 13 at about 9 (very high).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 14 | 15 | 15 | 13 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 13 | 12 | 12 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | Very high | Very high | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 14 | Extreme |
| Feb | 15 | Extreme |
| Mar | 15 | Extreme |
| Apr | 13 | Extreme |
| May | 10 | Extreme |
| Jun | 10 | Very high |
| Jul | 9 | Very high |
| Aug | 10 | Very high |
| Sep | 11 | Extreme |
| Oct | 13 | Extreme |
| Nov | 12 | Extreme |
| Dec | 12 | Extreme |
Where is Batalha?
Batalha sits at 9.7°S, 37.1°W, 120 m above sea level, in Brazil. The nearest listed city is Major Isidoro, 22 km away.
Topography around Batalha
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Batalha.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Batalha has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 95 m around an average of 136 m above sea level; within 16 km, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 417 m; within 80 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,009 m.
The land around Batalha is covered by grassland (61%) and shrubs (24%) within 3 km, grassland (63%) and shrubs (26%) within 16 km, and grassland (70%) within 80 km.
Brazil travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / N
- 127 / 220 V · 60 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 46% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $10,713
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.6 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 89%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 19.3
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 16
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- Low
- EF EPI 482
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Batalha (-9.6778°, -37.1247°, elevation 120 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).