Caruaru weather in December
In December, Caruaru sees average daytime highs of 30°C and overnight lows near 20°C, with 20 mm of rain across 6.9 wet days and about 12.5 hours of daylight. It is the 1st-warmest and 9th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 30°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 27% of the time in December, and the air most often feels muggy.
Daylight stretches from about 12 h 24 min at the start of December to 12 h 30 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, December is Caruaru's 4th-clearest and 7th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Caruaru's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 30°
- 1st warmest
- Overnight low
- 20°
- 8th coldest
- Rainfall
- 20 mm
- 6.9 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 h 30 min
- 5:06 AM – 5:34 PM
- Cloud cover
- 57%
- 4th clearest
- Wind
- 12 km/h
- 7th windiest
- Solar energy
- 6.15 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 5.3
- out of 10
Temperature in December
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 30°C through the month.
A typical December day in Caruaru reaches about 30°C in the afternoon and slips back to 20°C overnight — a 10°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 28°C and 32°C. Set against its neighbours, December runs on par with November and on par with January.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 |
| Avg low (°C) | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 30 | 20 |
| 2 | 30 | 20 |
| 3 | 30 | 20 |
| 4 | 30 | 20 |
| 5 | 30 | 20 |
| 6 | 30 | 20 |
| 7 | 30 | 20 |
| 8 | 30 | 20 |
| 9 | 30 | 20 |
| 10 | 30 | 20 |
| 11 | 30 | 20 |
| 12 | 30 | 20 |
| 13 | 30 | 20 |
| 14 | 30 | 20 |
| 15 | 30 | 20 |
| 16 | 30 | 20 |
| 17 | 30 | 21 |
| 18 | 30 | 21 |
| 19 | 30 | 21 |
| 20 | 30 | 21 |
| 21 | 30 | 21 |
| 22 | 30 | 21 |
| 23 | 30 | 21 |
| 24 | 30 | 21 |
| 25 | 30 | 21 |
| 26 | 30 | 21 |
| 27 | 30 | 21 |
| 28 | 30 | 21 |
| 29 | 30 | 21 |
| 30 | 30 | 21 |
| 31 | 30 | 21 |
Caruaru weather by month
How December compares with the rest of the year at a glance. December is the 1st-warmest and 9th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 30° / 21° | 46 | 12.1 | 12.4 | 4.9 |
| Feb | 30° / 21° | 46 | 11.3 | 12.3 | 4.8 |
| Mar | 30° / 21° | 59 | 14.1 | 12.1 | 4.7 |
| Apr | 29° / 21° | 56 | 13.9 | 11.8 | 5.1 |
| May | 27° / 20° | 57 | 13.7 | 11.6 | 5.9 |
| Jun | 26° / 19° | 52 | 12.3 | 11.5 | 6.2 |
| Jul | 25° / 18° | 41 | 11.9 | 11.6 | 6.4 |
| Aug | 25° / 18° | 26 | 9.9 | 11.7 | 6.6 |
| Sep | 27° / 19° | 19 | 7.6 | 12 | 6.9 |
| Oct | 29° / 19° | 15 | 4.9 | 12.2 | 6.4 |
| Nov | 30° / 20° | 13 | 4.6 | 12.4 | 5.8 |
| Dec | 30° / 20° | 20 | 6.9 | 12.5 | 5.3 |
Cloud cover in December
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 27% of the time in December.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 30% of December, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 43%. Skies tend to cloud over as the month goes on.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 55 | 56 | 57 | 57 | 59 | 59 | 60 | 60 | 61 | 61 | 61 | 60 | 61 | 61 | 60 | 59 | 59 | 59 | 58 | 56 | 56 | 55 | 56 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 54 | 54 | 54 | 53 |
| Cloudier (%) | 45 | 44 | 43 | 43 | 41 | 41 | 40 | 40 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 40 | 39 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 42 | 44 | 44 | 45 | 44 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 47 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 55 | 45 |
| 2 | 56 | 44 |
| 3 | 57 | 43 |
| 4 | 57 | 43 |
| 5 | 59 | 41 |
| 6 | 59 | 41 |
| 7 | 60 | 40 |
| 8 | 60 | 40 |
| 9 | 61 | 39 |
| 10 | 61 | 39 |
| 11 | 61 | 39 |
| 12 | 60 | 40 |
| 13 | 61 | 39 |
| 14 | 61 | 39 |
| 15 | 60 | 40 |
| 16 | 59 | 41 |
| 17 | 59 | 41 |
| 18 | 59 | 41 |
| 19 | 58 | 42 |
| 20 | 56 | 44 |
| 21 | 56 | 44 |
| 22 | 55 | 45 |
| 23 | 56 | 44 |
| 24 | 55 | 45 |
| 25 | 55 | 45 |
| 26 | 55 | 45 |
| 27 | 55 | 45 |
| 28 | 54 | 46 |
| 29 | 54 | 46 |
| 30 | 54 | 46 |
| 31 | 53 | 47 |
Chance of precipitation in December
Caruaru gets around 20 mm of rain over 6.9 wet days in December. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 22% and peaks near 27% on the wettest days. The odds climb toward the end of the month.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 15 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 27 | 27 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 15 |
| 2 | 16 |
| 3 | 16 |
| 4 | 16 |
| 5 | 17 |
| 6 | 17 |
| 7 | 18 |
| 8 | 19 |
| 9 | 19 |
| 10 | 20 |
| 11 | 21 |
| 12 | 22 |
| 13 | 22 |
| 14 | 23 |
| 15 | 24 |
| 16 | 24 |
| 17 | 24 |
| 18 | 25 |
| 19 | 25 |
| 20 | 25 |
| 21 | 25 |
| 22 | 26 |
| 23 | 26 |
| 24 | 26 |
| 25 | 26 |
| 26 | 26 |
| 27 | 26 |
| 28 | 26 |
| 29 | 26 |
| 30 | 27 |
| 31 | 27 |
Humidity in December
Most of December feels muggy — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, December lands in the muggy band about 72% of days. Sticky, muggy-or-worse air turns up on roughly 72% of them.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Humid (%) | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 33 | 33 | 32 | 31 | 31 | 30 | 30 | 29 | 29 | 28 | 28 | 27 | 27 | 26 | 26 | 25 | 24 | 24 | 23 | 23 | 22 | 22 | 21 | 21 | 20 | 19 |
| Muggy (%) | 66 | 66 | 66 | 66 | 66 | 67 | 67 | 68 | 69 | 69 | 70 | 70 | 71 | 71 | 72 | 72 | 73 | 73 | 74 | 74 | 75 | 76 | 76 | 77 | 77 | 78 | 78 | 79 | 79 | 80 | 81 |
| Humid (%) | Muggy (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 34 | 66 |
| 2 | 34 | 66 |
| 3 | 34 | 66 |
| 4 | 34 | 66 |
| 5 | 34 | 66 |
| 6 | 33 | 67 |
| 7 | 33 | 67 |
| 8 | 32 | 68 |
| 9 | 31 | 69 |
| 10 | 31 | 69 |
| 11 | 30 | 70 |
| 12 | 30 | 70 |
| 13 | 29 | 71 |
| 14 | 29 | 71 |
| 15 | 28 | 72 |
| 16 | 28 | 72 |
| 17 | 27 | 73 |
| 18 | 27 | 73 |
| 19 | 26 | 74 |
| 20 | 26 | 74 |
| 21 | 25 | 75 |
| 22 | 24 | 76 |
| 23 | 24 | 76 |
| 24 | 23 | 77 |
| 25 | 23 | 77 |
| 26 | 22 | 78 |
| 27 | 22 | 78 |
| 28 | 21 | 79 |
| 29 | 21 | 79 |
| 30 | 20 | 80 |
| 31 | 19 | 81 |
Wind in December
Winds average 12 km/h in December.
Across December, daily wind ranges from about 12 km/h on the calmest days to 12 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
| Feels | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12 | light breeze |
| 2 | 12 | light breeze |
| 3 | 12 | light breeze |
| 4 | 12 | light breeze |
| 5 | 12 | light breeze |
| 6 | 12 | light breeze |
| 7 | 12 | light breeze |
| 8 | 12 | light breeze |
| 9 | 12 | light breeze |
| 10 | 12 | light breeze |
| 11 | 12 | light breeze |
| 12 | 12 | light breeze |
| 13 | 12 | light breeze |
| 14 | 12 | light breeze |
| 15 | 12 | light breeze |
| 16 | 12 | calm |
| 17 | 12 | calm |
| 18 | 12 | calm |
| 19 | 12 | calm |
| 20 | 12 | calm |
| 21 | 12 | calm |
| 22 | 12 | calm |
| 23 | 12 | calm |
| 24 | 12 | calm |
| 25 | 12 | calm |
| 26 | 12 | calm |
| 27 | 12 | calm |
| 28 | 12 | calm |
| 29 | 12 | calm |
| 30 | 12 | calm |
| 31 | 12 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in December
Daylight runs from about 12 h 24 min at the start of December to 12 h 30 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 6 minutes over December. Sunrise moves from 5:00 AM to 5:13 AM, and sunset from 5:27 PM to 5:41 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 12.4 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 5:00 | 5:01 | 5:01 | 5:01 | 5:01 | 5:02 | 5:02 | 5:02 | 5:03 | 5:03 | 5:04 | 5:04 | 5:04 | 5:05 | 5:05 | 5:06 | 5:06 | 5:07 | 5:07 | 5:07 | 5:08 | 5:08 | 5:09 | 5:09 | 5:10 | 5:10 | 5:11 | 5:11 | 5:12 | 5:12 | 5:13 |
| Sunset (PM) | 5:27 | 5:28 | 5:28 | 5:29 | 5:29 | 5:30 | 5:30 | 5:30 | 5:31 | 5:31 | 5:32 | 5:32 | 5:33 | 5:33 | 5:34 | 5:34 | 5:35 | 5:35 | 5:36 | 5:36 | 5:37 | 5:37 | 5:38 | 5:38 | 5:39 | 5:39 | 5:40 | 5:40 | 5:41 | 5:41 | 5:41 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12.4 | 5:00 | 5:27 |
| 2 | 12.5 | 5:01 | 5:28 |
| 3 | 12.5 | 5:01 | 5:28 |
| 4 | 12.5 | 5:01 | 5:29 |
| 5 | 12.5 | 5:01 | 5:29 |
| 6 | 12.5 | 5:02 | 5:30 |
| 7 | 12.5 | 5:02 | 5:30 |
| 8 | 12.5 | 5:02 | 5:30 |
| 9 | 12.5 | 5:03 | 5:31 |
| 10 | 12.5 | 5:03 | 5:31 |
| 11 | 12.5 | 5:04 | 5:32 |
| 12 | 12.5 | 5:04 | 5:32 |
| 13 | 12.5 | 5:04 | 5:33 |
| 14 | 12.5 | 5:05 | 5:33 |
| 15 | 12.5 | 5:05 | 5:34 |
| 16 | 12.5 | 5:06 | 5:34 |
| 17 | 12.5 | 5:06 | 5:35 |
| 18 | 12.5 | 5:07 | 5:35 |
| 19 | 12.5 | 5:07 | 5:36 |
| 20 | 12.5 | 5:07 | 5:36 |
| 21 | 12.5 | 5:08 | 5:37 |
| 22 | 12.5 | 5:08 | 5:37 |
| 23 | 12.5 | 5:09 | 5:38 |
| 24 | 12.5 | 5:09 | 5:38 |
| 25 | 12.5 | 5:10 | 5:39 |
| 26 | 12.5 | 5:10 | 5:39 |
| 27 | 12.5 | 5:11 | 5:40 |
| 28 | 12.5 | 5:11 | 5:40 |
| 29 | 12.5 | 5:12 | 5:41 |
| 30 | 12.5 | 5:12 | 5:41 |
| 31 | 12.5 | 5:13 | 5:41 |
Solar energy in December
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in December, about 6.15 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 3.97 kWh/m² to a high of 6.2 kWh/m² in November across the year — December's 6.15 kWh/m² sits near the top of that range.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 |
| Level | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 2 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 3 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 4 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 5 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 6 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 7 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 8 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 9 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 10 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 11 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 12 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 13 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 14 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 15 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 16 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 17 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 18 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 19 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 20 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 21 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 22 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 23 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 24 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 25 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 26 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 27 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 28 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 29 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 30 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 31 | 6.0 | Intense |
Is December a good time to visit Caruaru?
Our two travel scores rate December for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
December is a reasonable time to visit Caruaru for sightseeing. The water and warmth also suit a beach or pool day.
What to pack for Caruaru in December
From December's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In December, Caruaru sees daytime highs around 30°C and nights near 20°C. Pack light clothes and sun protection. About 7 days see rain.
UV index in Caruaru in December
Clear-sky midday UV in December peaks around 12 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Caruaru peaks around March 15 at about 15 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near July 14 at about 10 (very high).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 14 | 15 | 16 | 14 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 12 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | Very high | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 14 | Extreme |
| Feb | 15 | Extreme |
| Mar | 16 | Extreme |
| Apr | 14 | Extreme |
| May | 11 | Extreme |
| Jun | 10 | Very high |
| Jul | 10 | Very high |
| Aug | 10 | Extreme |
| Sep | 13 | Extreme |
| Oct | 13 | Extreme |
| Nov | 13 | Extreme |
| Dec | 12 | Extreme |
Where is Caruaru?
Caruaru sits at 8.3°S, 36.0°W, 568 m above sea level, in Brazil. The nearest listed city is São Caitano, 19 km away.
Topography around Caruaru
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Caruaru.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Caruaru has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 133 m around an average of 554 m above sea level; within 16 km, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 597 m; within 80 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,134 m.
The land around Caruaru is covered by artificial surfaces (72%) within 3 km, grassland (59%) within 16 km, and grassland (58%) and shrubs (21%) within 80 km.
Brazil travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / N
- 127 / 220 V · 60 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 46% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $10,713
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.6 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 89%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 19.3
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 16
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- Low
- EF EPI 482
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Caruaru (-8.2833°, -35.9761°, elevation 568 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).