Contenda weather in February
In February, Contenda sees average daytime highs of 26°C and overnight lows near 18°C, with 175 mm of rain across 18.4 wet days and about 12.9 hours of daylight. It is the 2nd-warmest and 2nd-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 26°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 10% of the time in February, and the air most often feels muggy.
Daylight stretches from about 13 h 12 min at the start of February to 12 h 36 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Contenda's 10th-clearest and 12th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Contenda's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 26°
- 2nd warmest
- Overnight low
- 18°
- 12th coldest
- Rainfall
- 175 mm
- 18.4 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 h 54 min
- 7:06 AM – 8:00 PM
- Cloud cover
- 73%
- 10th clearest
- Wind
- 10 km/h
- 12th windiest
- Solar energy
- 5.13 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 4.9
- out of 10
Temperature in February
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 26°C through the month.
A typical February day in Contenda reaches about 26°C in the afternoon and slips back to 18°C overnight — a 8°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 22°C and 30°C. Set against its neighbours, February runs on par with January and about 1°C warmer than March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 |
| Avg low (°C) | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 26 | 18 |
| 2 | 26 | 18 |
| 3 | 26 | 18 |
| 4 | 26 | 18 |
| 5 | 26 | 18 |
| 6 | 26 | 18 |
| 7 | 26 | 18 |
| 8 | 26 | 18 |
| 9 | 26 | 18 |
| 10 | 26 | 18 |
| 11 | 26 | 18 |
| 12 | 26 | 18 |
| 13 | 26 | 18 |
| 14 | 26 | 18 |
| 15 | 26 | 18 |
| 16 | 26 | 18 |
| 17 | 26 | 18 |
| 18 | 26 | 18 |
| 19 | 26 | 18 |
| 20 | 26 | 18 |
| 21 | 26 | 18 |
| 22 | 26 | 18 |
| 23 | 26 | 18 |
| 24 | 26 | 18 |
| 25 | 26 | 18 |
| 26 | 26 | 18 |
| 27 | 26 | 18 |
| 28 | 26 | 18 |
Contenda weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 2nd-warmest and 2nd-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 26° / 18° | 193 | 21.2 | 13.4 | 4.8 |
| Feb | 26° / 18° | 175 | 18.4 | 12.9 | 4.9 |
| Mar | 25° / 17° | 116 | 15.5 | 12.2 | 5.8 |
| Apr | 23° / 15° | 75 | 8.7 | 11.4 | 6.8 |
| May | 20° / 12° | 91 | 7.9 | 10.8 | 6.5 |
| Jun | 19° / 11° | 101 | 8.7 | 10.4 | 6.3 |
| Jul | 19° / 10° | 86 | 7.6 | 10.6 | 6.5 |
| Aug | 21° / 11° | 79 | 7.6 | 11.1 | 6.9 |
| Sep | 22° / 12° | 130 | 10.6 | 11.8 | 6.3 |
| Oct | 23° / 14° | 136 | 14.1 | 12.6 | 5.9 |
| Nov | 24° / 15° | 123 | 13.9 | 13.3 | 6.0 |
| Dec | 26° / 17° | 158 | 17.8 | 13.6 | 5.4 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 10% of the time in February.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 17% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 73%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 26 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 29 | 28 | 27 | 28 | 27 | 27 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 28 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 29 |
| Cloudier (%) | 74 | 73 | 73 | 73 | 72 | 72 | 72 | 71 | 72 | 73 | 72 | 73 | 73 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 73 | 73 | 73 | 72 | 73 | 72 | 71 | 71 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 26 | 74 |
| 2 | 27 | 73 |
| 3 | 27 | 73 |
| 4 | 27 | 73 |
| 5 | 28 | 72 |
| 6 | 28 | 72 |
| 7 | 28 | 72 |
| 8 | 29 | 71 |
| 9 | 28 | 72 |
| 10 | 27 | 73 |
| 11 | 28 | 72 |
| 12 | 27 | 73 |
| 13 | 27 | 73 |
| 14 | 26 | 74 |
| 15 | 26 | 74 |
| 16 | 26 | 74 |
| 17 | 26 | 74 |
| 18 | 26 | 74 |
| 19 | 26 | 74 |
| 20 | 26 | 74 |
| 21 | 27 | 73 |
| 22 | 27 | 73 |
| 23 | 27 | 73 |
| 24 | 28 | 72 |
| 25 | 27 | 73 |
| 26 | 28 | 72 |
| 27 | 29 | 71 |
| 28 | 29 | 71 |
Chance of precipitation in February
Contenda gets around 175 mm of rain over 18.4 wet days in February. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 66% and peaks near 69% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 65 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 66 | 66 | 67 | 68 | 68 | 68 | 69 | 69 | 68 | 68 | 68 | 67 | 66 | 66 | 65 | 64 | 63 | 62 | 61 | 61 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 65 |
| 2 | 65 |
| 3 | 65 |
| 4 | 65 |
| 5 | 65 |
| 6 | 65 |
| 7 | 65 |
| 8 | 65 |
| 9 | 66 |
| 10 | 66 |
| 11 | 67 |
| 12 | 68 |
| 13 | 68 |
| 14 | 68 |
| 15 | 69 |
| 16 | 69 |
| 17 | 68 |
| 18 | 68 |
| 19 | 68 |
| 20 | 67 |
| 21 | 66 |
| 22 | 66 |
| 23 | 65 |
| 24 | 64 |
| 25 | 63 |
| 26 | 62 |
| 27 | 61 |
| 28 | 61 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels muggy — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the muggy band about 57% of days. Sticky, muggy-or-worse air turns up on roughly 57% of them.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Comfortable (%) | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 12 |
| Humid (%) | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 35 | 35 |
| Muggy (%) | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 56 | 56 | 56 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 59 | 59 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 56 | 56 | 55 | 54 | 53 |
| Comfortable (%) | Humid (%) | Muggy (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 11 | 32 | 57 |
| 2 | 11 | 32 | 57 |
| 3 | 11 | 32 | 57 |
| 4 | 11 | 32 | 57 |
| 5 | 11 | 32 | 57 |
| 6 | 11 | 32 | 57 |
| 7 | 11 | 32 | 57 |
| 8 | 12 | 32 | 56 |
| 9 | 12 | 32 | 56 |
| 10 | 12 | 32 | 56 |
| 11 | 11 | 32 | 57 |
| 12 | 11 | 32 | 57 |
| 13 | 11 | 32 | 57 |
| 14 | 11 | 32 | 57 |
| 15 | 10 | 32 | 58 |
| 16 | 10 | 32 | 58 |
| 17 | 10 | 32 | 58 |
| 18 | 10 | 32 | 58 |
| 19 | 9 | 32 | 59 |
| 20 | 9 | 32 | 59 |
| 21 | 9 | 33 | 58 |
| 22 | 9 | 33 | 58 |
| 23 | 9 | 33 | 58 |
| 24 | 10 | 34 | 56 |
| 25 | 10 | 34 | 56 |
| 26 | 11 | 34 | 55 |
| 27 | 11 | 35 | 54 |
| 28 | 12 | 35 | 53 |
Wind in February
Winds average 10 km/h in February, the calmest month.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 10 km/h on the calmest days to 11 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 11 | calm |
| 2 | 11 | calm |
| 3 | 11 | calm |
| 4 | 11 | calm |
| 5 | 11 | calm |
| 6 | 11 | calm |
| 7 | 11 | calm |
| 8 | 11 | calm |
| 9 | 11 | calm |
| 10 | 11 | calm |
| 11 | 10 | calm |
| 12 | 10 | calm |
| 13 | 10 | calm |
| 14 | 10 | calm |
| 15 | 10 | calm |
| 16 | 10 | calm |
| 17 | 10 | calm |
| 18 | 10 | calm |
| 19 | 10 | calm |
| 20 | 10 | calm |
| 21 | 10 | calm |
| 22 | 10 | calm |
| 23 | 10 | calm |
| 24 | 10 | calm |
| 25 | 10 | calm |
| 26 | 10 | calm |
| 27 | 10 | calm |
| 28 | 10 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 13 h 12 min at the start of February to 12 h 36 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 36 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 6:56 AM to 7:14 AM, and sunset from 8:07 PM to 7:49 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 13.2 | 13.2 | 13.1 | 13.1 | 13.1 | 13.1 | 13.1 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:56 | 6:57 | 6:58 | 6:58 | 6:59 | 7:00 | 7:00 | 7:01 | 7:02 | 7:02 | 7:03 | 7:04 | 7:04 | 7:05 | 7:06 | 7:06 | 7:07 | 7:08 | 7:08 | 7:09 | 7:10 | 7:10 | 7:11 | 7:11 | 7:12 | 7:13 | 7:13 | 7:14 |
| Sunset (PM) | 8:07 | 8:07 | 8:06 | 8:06 | 8:06 | 8:05 | 8:05 | 8:04 | 8:03 | 8:03 | 8:02 | 8:02 | 8:01 | 8:00 | 8:00 | 7:59 | 7:58 | 7:58 | 7:57 | 7:56 | 7:55 | 7:54 | 7:54 | 7:53 | 7:52 | 7:51 | 7:50 | 7:49 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 13.2 | 6:56 | 8:07 |
| 2 | 13.2 | 6:57 | 8:07 |
| 3 | 13.1 | 6:58 | 8:06 |
| 4 | 13.1 | 6:58 | 8:06 |
| 5 | 13.1 | 6:59 | 8:06 |
| 6 | 13.1 | 7:00 | 8:05 |
| 7 | 13.1 | 7:00 | 8:05 |
| 8 | 13.0 | 7:01 | 8:04 |
| 9 | 13.0 | 7:02 | 8:03 |
| 10 | 13.0 | 7:02 | 8:03 |
| 11 | 13.0 | 7:03 | 8:02 |
| 12 | 13.0 | 7:04 | 8:02 |
| 13 | 12.9 | 7:04 | 8:01 |
| 14 | 12.9 | 7:05 | 8:00 |
| 15 | 12.9 | 7:06 | 8:00 |
| 16 | 12.9 | 7:06 | 7:59 |
| 17 | 12.9 | 7:07 | 7:58 |
| 18 | 12.8 | 7:08 | 7:58 |
| 19 | 12.8 | 7:08 | 7:57 |
| 20 | 12.8 | 7:09 | 7:56 |
| 21 | 12.8 | 7:10 | 7:55 |
| 22 | 12.7 | 7:10 | 7:54 |
| 23 | 12.7 | 7:11 | 7:54 |
| 24 | 12.7 | 7:11 | 7:53 |
| 25 | 12.7 | 7:12 | 7:52 |
| 26 | 12.6 | 7:13 | 7:51 |
| 27 | 12.6 | 7:13 | 7:50 |
| 28 | 12.6 | 7:14 | 7:49 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 5.13 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 2.82 kWh/m² to a high of 5.66 kWh/m² in December across the year — February's 5.13 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 2 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 3 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 4 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 5 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 6 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 7 | 5.2 | Bright |
| 8 | 5.2 | Bright |
| 9 | 5.2 | Bright |
| 10 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 11 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 12 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 13 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 14 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 15 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 16 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 17 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 18 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 19 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 20 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 21 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 22 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 23 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 24 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 25 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 26 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 27 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 28 | 5.0 | Bright |
Is February a good time to visit Contenda?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is a reasonable time to visit Contenda for sightseeing.
What to pack for Contenda in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, Contenda sees daytime highs around 26°C and nights near 18°C. Pack rain gear. Worth having: light clothes and sun protection. About 18 days see rain.
UV index in Contenda in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 14 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Contenda peaks around January 18 at about 15 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near July 12 at about 5 (high).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 15 | 14 | 12 | 9 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 7 | 7 | 11 | 13 | 14 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | High | High | High | High | Very high | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 15 | Extreme |
| Feb | 14 | Extreme |
| Mar | 12 | Extreme |
| Apr | 9 | Very high |
| May | 6 | High |
| Jun | 6 | High |
| Jul | 5 | High |
| Aug | 7 | High |
| Sep | 7 | Very high |
| Oct | 11 | Extreme |
| Nov | 13 | Extreme |
| Dec | 14 | Extreme |
Air quality in Contenda in February
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where February falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Contenda is worst in September — around 19 µg/m³ PM2.5 (moderate), about 1.9× the cleanest month (December, 10 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 10 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 14 | 14 | 16 | 17 | 19 | 13 | 11 | 10 |
| Level | Good | Good | Good | Good | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Good | Good |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 10 | Good |
| Feb | 10 | Good |
| Mar | 11 | Good |
| Apr | 12 | Good |
| May | 14 | Moderate |
| Jun | 14 | Moderate |
| Jul | 16 | Moderate |
| Aug | 17 | Moderate |
| Sep | 19 | Moderate |
| Oct | 13 | Moderate |
| Nov | 11 | Good |
| Dec | 10 | Good |
Where is Contenda?
Contenda sits at 25.7°S, 49.5°W, 887 m above sea level, in Brazil. The nearest listed city is Araucária, 16 km away.
Topography around Contenda
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Contenda.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Contenda has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 100 m around an average of 906 m above sea level; within 16 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 213 m; within 80 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,647 m.
The land around Contenda is covered by trees (37%) and cropland (34%) within 3 km, trees (48%) and cropland (35%) within 16 km, and trees (69%) within 80 km.
Brazil travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / N
- 127 / 220 V · 60 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 46% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $10,713
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.6 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 89%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 19.3
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 16
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- Low
- EF EPI 482
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Contenda (-25.6792°, -49.5372°, elevation 887 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).