Espinosa weather in February
In February, Espinosa sees average daytime highs of 30°C and overnight lows near 20°C, with 65 mm of rain across 7.6 wet days and about 12.5 hours of daylight. It is the 3rd-warmest and 5th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 30°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 25% of the time in February, and the air most often feels humid.
Daylight stretches from about 12 h 42 min at the start of February to 12 h 18 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Espinosa's 8th-clearest and 9th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Espinosa's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 30°
- 3rd warmest
- Overnight low
- 20°
- 12th coldest
- Rainfall
- 65 mm
- 7.6 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 h 30 min
- 6:51 AM – 7:21 PM
- Cloud cover
- 62%
- 8th clearest
- Wind
- 9 km/h
- 9th windiest
- Solar energy
- 6.33 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 5.1
- out of 10
Espinosa is human settlement in Brazil.
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in February
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 30°C through the month.
A typical February day in Espinosa reaches about 30°C in the afternoon and slips back to 20°C overnight — a 10°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 27°C and 33°C. Set against its neighbours, February runs on par with January and on par with March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 |
| Avg low (°C) | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 30 | 20 |
| 2 | 30 | 20 |
| 3 | 30 | 20 |
| 4 | 30 | 20 |
| 5 | 30 | 20 |
| 6 | 30 | 20 |
| 7 | 30 | 20 |
| 8 | 30 | 20 |
| 9 | 30 | 20 |
| 10 | 30 | 20 |
| 11 | 30 | 20 |
| 12 | 30 | 20 |
| 13 | 30 | 20 |
| 14 | 30 | 20 |
| 15 | 30 | 20 |
| 16 | 30 | 20 |
| 17 | 30 | 20 |
| 18 | 30 | 20 |
| 19 | 30 | 20 |
| 20 | 30 | 20 |
| 21 | 30 | 20 |
| 22 | 30 | 20 |
| 23 | 30 | 20 |
| 24 | 30 | 20 |
| 25 | 30 | 20 |
| 26 | 30 | 20 |
| 27 | 30 | 20 |
| 28 | 30 | 20 |
Espinosa weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 3rd-warmest and 5th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 29° / 20° | 102 | 10.2 | 12.8 | 5.2 |
| Feb | 30° / 20° | 65 | 7.6 | 12.5 | 5.1 |
| Mar | 30° / 20° | 90 | 10.3 | 12.1 | 5.1 |
| Apr | 29° / 19° | 41 | 5.6 | 11.7 | 6.0 |
| May | 28° / 18° | 10 | 2.1 | 11.3 | 7.2 |
| Jun | 27° / 16° | 2 | 0.5 | 11.1 | 8.1 |
| Jul | 27° / 15° | 1 | 0.1 | 11.2 | 8.3 |
| Aug | 28° / 15° | 1 | 0 | 11.5 | 7.7 |
| Sep | 30° / 17° | 10 | 1.6 | 11.9 | 6.1 |
| Oct | 31° / 19° | 51 | 5.9 | 12.3 | 5.1 |
| Nov | 29° / 19° | 129 | 13.1 | 12.7 | 4.8 |
| Dec | 29° / 20° | 140 | 13 | 12.9 | 5.0 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 25% of the time in February.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 22% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 53%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 45 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 47 | 47 | 48 | 48 | 49 | 50 | 49 | 49 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 49 | 49 | 48 | 47 | 47 |
| Cloudier (%) | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 54 | 54 | 54 | 54 | 54 | 54 | 54 | 53 | 53 | 52 | 52 | 51 | 50 | 51 | 51 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 51 | 51 | 52 | 53 | 53 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 45 | 55 |
| 2 | 45 | 55 |
| 3 | 45 | 55 |
| 4 | 45 | 55 |
| 5 | 45 | 55 |
| 6 | 46 | 54 |
| 7 | 46 | 54 |
| 8 | 46 | 54 |
| 9 | 46 | 54 |
| 10 | 46 | 54 |
| 11 | 46 | 54 |
| 12 | 46 | 54 |
| 13 | 47 | 53 |
| 14 | 47 | 53 |
| 15 | 48 | 52 |
| 16 | 48 | 52 |
| 17 | 49 | 51 |
| 18 | 50 | 50 |
| 19 | 49 | 51 |
| 20 | 49 | 51 |
| 21 | 50 | 50 |
| 22 | 50 | 50 |
| 23 | 50 | 50 |
| 24 | 49 | 51 |
| 25 | 49 | 51 |
| 26 | 48 | 52 |
| 27 | 47 | 53 |
| 28 | 47 | 53 |
Chance of precipitation in February
Espinosa gets around 65 mm of rain over 7.6 wet days in February. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 27% and peaks near 31% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 26 | 26 | 27 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 30 | 31 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 28 |
| 2 | 28 |
| 3 | 28 |
| 4 | 28 |
| 5 | 28 |
| 6 | 28 |
| 7 | 28 |
| 8 | 27 |
| 9 | 27 |
| 10 | 27 |
| 11 | 27 |
| 12 | 26 |
| 13 | 26 |
| 14 | 26 |
| 15 | 25 |
| 16 | 25 |
| 17 | 25 |
| 18 | 25 |
| 19 | 25 |
| 20 | 26 |
| 21 | 26 |
| 22 | 27 |
| 23 | 27 |
| 24 | 28 |
| 25 | 29 |
| 26 | 30 |
| 27 | 30 |
| 28 | 31 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels humid — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the humid band about 55% of days. Sticky, muggy-or-worse air turns up on roughly 33% of them.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Comfortable (%) | 15 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 |
| Humid (%) | 50 | 51 | 53 | 52 | 53 | 53 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 58 | 59 | 59 | 59 | 59 | 60 | 59 | 58 | 57 | 56 | 54 | 53 | 51 | 51 | 50 | 49 |
| Muggy (%) | 35 | 34 | 33 | 33 | 32 | 32 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 30 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 37 | 38 | 38 |
| Oppressive (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Comfortable (%) | Humid (%) | Muggy (%) | Oppressive (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 15 | 50 | 35 | 0 |
| 2 | 15 | 51 | 34 | 0 |
| 3 | 14 | 53 | 33 | 0 |
| 4 | 14 | 52 | 33 | 1 |
| 5 | 14 | 53 | 32 | 1 |
| 6 | 14 | 53 | 32 | 1 |
| 7 | 13 | 55 | 31 | 1 |
| 8 | 13 | 55 | 31 | 1 |
| 9 | 13 | 55 | 31 | 1 |
| 10 | 12 | 57 | 30 | 1 |
| 11 | 12 | 57 | 30 | 1 |
| 12 | 12 | 57 | 30 | 1 |
| 13 | 11 | 58 | 30 | 1 |
| 14 | 11 | 59 | 29 | 1 |
| 15 | 11 | 59 | 29 | 1 |
| 16 | 11 | 59 | 29 | 1 |
| 17 | 10 | 59 | 30 | 1 |
| 18 | 10 | 60 | 30 | 0 |
| 19 | 10 | 59 | 31 | 0 |
| 20 | 10 | 58 | 32 | 0 |
| 21 | 10 | 57 | 33 | 0 |
| 22 | 10 | 56 | 34 | 0 |
| 23 | 10 | 54 | 35 | 1 |
| 24 | 10 | 53 | 36 | 1 |
| 25 | 11 | 51 | 37 | 1 |
| 26 | 11 | 51 | 37 | 1 |
| 27 | 11 | 50 | 38 | 1 |
| 28 | 11 | 49 | 38 | 1 |
Wind in February
Winds average 9 km/h in February.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 9 km/h on the calmest days to 9 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 9 | calm |
| 2 | 9 | calm |
| 3 | 9 | calm |
| 4 | 9 | calm |
| 5 | 9 | calm |
| 6 | 9 | calm |
| 7 | 9 | calm |
| 8 | 9 | calm |
| 9 | 9 | calm |
| 10 | 9 | calm |
| 11 | 9 | calm |
| 12 | 9 | calm |
| 13 | 9 | calm |
| 14 | 9 | calm |
| 15 | 9 | calm |
| 16 | 9 | calm |
| 17 | 9 | calm |
| 18 | 9 | calm |
| 19 | 9 | calm |
| 20 | 9 | calm |
| 21 | 9 | calm |
| 22 | 9 | calm |
| 23 | 9 | calm |
| 24 | 9 | calm |
| 25 | 9 | calm |
| 26 | 9 | calm |
| 27 | 9 | calm |
| 28 | 9 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 12 h 42 min at the start of February to 12 h 18 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 24 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 6:45 AM to 6:55 AM, and sunset from 7:24 PM to 7:15 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 12.7 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.3 | 12.3 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:45 | 6:46 | 6:46 | 6:46 | 6:47 | 6:47 | 6:48 | 6:48 | 6:49 | 6:49 | 6:49 | 6:50 | 6:50 | 6:51 | 6:51 | 6:51 | 6:52 | 6:52 | 6:52 | 6:53 | 6:53 | 6:53 | 6:54 | 6:54 | 6:54 | 6:54 | 6:55 | 6:55 |
| Sunset (PM) | 7:24 | 7:24 | 7:24 | 7:24 | 7:24 | 7:24 | 7:23 | 7:23 | 7:23 | 7:22 | 7:22 | 7:22 | 7:22 | 7:21 | 7:21 | 7:20 | 7:20 | 7:20 | 7:19 | 7:19 | 7:18 | 7:18 | 7:17 | 7:17 | 7:16 | 7:16 | 7:15 | 7:15 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12.7 | 6:45 | 7:24 |
| 2 | 12.6 | 6:46 | 7:24 |
| 3 | 12.6 | 6:46 | 7:24 |
| 4 | 12.6 | 6:46 | 7:24 |
| 5 | 12.6 | 6:47 | 7:24 |
| 6 | 12.6 | 6:47 | 7:24 |
| 7 | 12.6 | 6:48 | 7:23 |
| 8 | 12.6 | 6:48 | 7:23 |
| 9 | 12.6 | 6:49 | 7:23 |
| 10 | 12.6 | 6:49 | 7:22 |
| 11 | 12.5 | 6:49 | 7:22 |
| 12 | 12.5 | 6:50 | 7:22 |
| 13 | 12.5 | 6:50 | 7:22 |
| 14 | 12.5 | 6:51 | 7:21 |
| 15 | 12.5 | 6:51 | 7:21 |
| 16 | 12.5 | 6:51 | 7:20 |
| 17 | 12.5 | 6:52 | 7:20 |
| 18 | 12.5 | 6:52 | 7:20 |
| 19 | 12.4 | 6:52 | 7:19 |
| 20 | 12.4 | 6:53 | 7:19 |
| 21 | 12.4 | 6:53 | 7:18 |
| 22 | 12.4 | 6:53 | 7:18 |
| 23 | 12.4 | 6:54 | 7:17 |
| 24 | 12.4 | 6:54 | 7:17 |
| 25 | 12.4 | 6:54 | 7:16 |
| 26 | 12.4 | 6:54 | 7:16 |
| 27 | 12.3 | 6:55 | 7:15 |
| 28 | 12.3 | 6:55 | 7:15 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 6.33 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 4.46 kWh/m² to a high of 6.38 kWh/m² in October across the year — February's 6.33 kWh/m² sits near the top of that range.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.1 |
| Level | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 2 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 3 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 4 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 5 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 6 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 7 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 8 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 9 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 10 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 11 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 12 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 13 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 14 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 15 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 16 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 17 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 18 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 19 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 20 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 21 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 22 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 23 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 24 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 25 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 26 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 27 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 28 | 6.1 | Intense |
Hazard calendar for Espinosa
In February, Espinosa sits inside its rainy season season. The full year is below, with each hazard's peak months called out.
Espinosa's rainy season runs November–March, when most of the year's rain falls.
Is February a good time to visit Espinosa?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is a reasonable time to visit Espinosa for sightseeing. The water and warmth also suit a beach or pool day.
What to pack for Espinosa in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, Espinosa sees daytime highs around 30°C and nights near 20°C. Pack light clothes and sun protection. About 8 days see rain.
UV index in Espinosa in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 16 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Espinosa peaks around February 16 at about 15 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near July 11 at about 8 (very high).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 14 | 16 | 15 | 12 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 13 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | Very high | Very high | Very high | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 14 | Extreme |
| Feb | 16 | Extreme |
| Mar | 15 | Extreme |
| Apr | 12 | Extreme |
| May | 9 | Very high |
| Jun | 8 | Very high |
| Jul | 8 | Very high |
| Aug | 10 | Very high |
| Sep | 12 | Extreme |
| Oct | 13 | Extreme |
| Nov | 14 | Extreme |
| Dec | 13 | Extreme |
Where is Espinosa?
Espinosa sits at 14.9°S, 42.8°W, 567 m above sea level, in Brazil. The nearest listed city is Urandi, 25 km away.
Topography around Espinosa
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Espinosa.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Espinosa has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 223 m around an average of 586 m above sea level; within 16 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 664 m; within 80 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,333 m.
The land around Espinosa is covered by grassland (45%) and trees (23%) within 3 km, grassland (45%) and trees (32%) within 16 km, and shrubs (34%), trees (29%) and grassland (26%) within 80 km.
Brazil travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / N
- 127 / 220 V · 60 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 46% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $10,713
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.6 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 89%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 19.3
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 16
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- Low
- EF EPI 482
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Espinosa (-14.9261°, -42.8192°, elevation 567 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).