Estância weather in February
In February, Estância sees average daytime highs of 31°C and overnight lows near 24°C, with 52 mm of rain across 15.3 wet days and about 12.4 hours of daylight. It is the 2nd-warmest and 8th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 31°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 36% of the time in February, and the air most often feels oppressive.
Daylight stretches from about 12 h 30 min at the start of February to 12 h 12 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Estância's 11th-clearest and 6th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Estância's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 31°
- 2nd warmest
- Overnight low
- 24°
- 11th coldest
- Rainfall
- 52 mm
- 15.3 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 h 24 min
- 5:33 AM – 5:55 PM
- Cloud cover
- 56%
- 11th clearest
- Wind
- 12 km/h
- 6th windiest
- Solar energy
- 6.28 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 4.1
- out of 10
Temperature in February
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 31°C through the month.
A typical February day in Estância reaches about 31°C in the afternoon and slips back to 24°C overnight — a 6°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 29°C and 32°C. Set against its neighbours, February runs on par with January and on par with March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 |
| Avg low (°C) | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 31 | 24 |
| 2 | 31 | 24 |
| 3 | 31 | 24 |
| 4 | 31 | 24 |
| 5 | 31 | 24 |
| 6 | 31 | 24 |
| 7 | 31 | 24 |
| 8 | 31 | 24 |
| 9 | 31 | 24 |
| 10 | 31 | 24 |
| 11 | 31 | 24 |
| 12 | 31 | 24 |
| 13 | 31 | 24 |
| 14 | 31 | 24 |
| 15 | 31 | 24 |
| 16 | 31 | 24 |
| 17 | 31 | 24 |
| 18 | 31 | 24 |
| 19 | 31 | 24 |
| 20 | 31 | 24 |
| 21 | 31 | 24 |
| 22 | 31 | 24 |
| 23 | 31 | 24 |
| 24 | 31 | 24 |
| 25 | 31 | 24 |
| 26 | 31 | 24 |
| 27 | 31 | 24 |
| 28 | 31 | 24 |
How February really feels in Estância
Once humidity and wind are folded in, February averages 28 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
The story in February is heat — humidity pushes the afternoon "feels like" well above the raw temperature.
Estância weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 2nd-warmest and 8th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 30° / 24° | 51 | 13.7 | 12.6 | 4.4 |
| Feb | 31° / 24° | 52 | 15.3 | 12.4 | 4.1 |
| Mar | 31° / 24° | 59 | 17.5 | 12.1 | 4.0 |
| Apr | 30° / 24° | 85 | 19 | 11.8 | 4.1 |
| May | 28° / 23° | 117 | 22.1 | 11.5 | 4.5 |
| Jun | 27° / 22° | 107 | 22.9 | 11.4 | 4.7 |
| Jul | 26° / 21° | 91 | 22.6 | 11.4 | 4.9 |
| Aug | 26° / 21° | 74 | 21.4 | 11.6 | 5.1 |
| Sep | 27° / 22° | 53 | 17 | 11.9 | 5.5 |
| Oct | 29° / 23° | 43 | 12.7 | 12.3 | 5.5 |
| Nov | 29° / 23° | 40 | 11.1 | 12.5 | 5.2 |
| Dec | 30° / 24° | 34 | 10.2 | 12.6 | 4.9 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 36% of the time in February.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 23% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 41%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 60 | 61 | 61 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 59 | 59 | 58 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 56 | 56 | 56 | 56 | 56 | 57 | 58 | 58 | 60 | 61 | 62 | 63 | 63 |
| Cloudier (%) | 40 | 39 | 39 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 41 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 43 | 42 | 42 | 40 | 39 | 38 | 37 | 37 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 60 | 40 |
| 2 | 61 | 39 |
| 3 | 61 | 39 |
| 4 | 60 | 40 |
| 5 | 60 | 40 |
| 6 | 60 | 40 |
| 7 | 60 | 40 |
| 8 | 60 | 40 |
| 9 | 60 | 40 |
| 10 | 59 | 41 |
| 11 | 59 | 41 |
| 12 | 58 | 42 |
| 13 | 57 | 43 |
| 14 | 57 | 43 |
| 15 | 57 | 43 |
| 16 | 56 | 44 |
| 17 | 56 | 44 |
| 18 | 56 | 44 |
| 19 | 56 | 44 |
| 20 | 56 | 44 |
| 21 | 57 | 43 |
| 22 | 58 | 42 |
| 23 | 58 | 42 |
| 24 | 60 | 40 |
| 25 | 61 | 39 |
| 26 | 62 | 38 |
| 27 | 63 | 37 |
| 28 | 63 | 37 |
Chance of precipitation in February
Estância gets around 52 mm of rain over 15.3 wet days in February. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 54% and peaks near 58% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 50 | 50 | 50 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 52 | 52 | 53 | 54 | 55 | 56 | 57 | 57 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 57 | 57 | 56 | 55 | 54 | 53 | 53 | 52 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 50 |
| 2 | 50 |
| 3 | 50 |
| 4 | 51 |
| 5 | 51 |
| 6 | 51 |
| 7 | 52 |
| 8 | 52 |
| 9 | 53 |
| 10 | 54 |
| 11 | 55 |
| 12 | 56 |
| 13 | 57 |
| 14 | 57 |
| 15 | 58 |
| 16 | 58 |
| 17 | 58 |
| 18 | 58 |
| 19 | 58 |
| 20 | 58 |
| 21 | 57 |
| 22 | 57 |
| 23 | 56 |
| 24 | 55 |
| 25 | 54 |
| 26 | 53 |
| 27 | 53 |
| 28 | 52 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels oppressive — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the oppressive band about 95% of days. Sticky, muggy-or-worse air turns up on roughly 100% of them.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Muggy (%) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Oppressive (%) | 95 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 97 | 97 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 93 | 93 |
| Miserable (%) | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 |
| Muggy (%) | Oppressive (%) | Miserable (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 3 | 95 | 2 |
| 2 | 3 | 96 | 1 |
| 3 | 3 | 96 | 1 |
| 4 | 3 | 96 | 1 |
| 5 | 2 | 97 | 1 |
| 6 | 2 | 97 | 1 |
| 7 | 2 | 96 | 2 |
| 8 | 2 | 96 | 2 |
| 9 | 2 | 96 | 2 |
| 10 | 1 | 97 | 2 |
| 11 | 1 | 97 | 2 |
| 12 | 1 | 97 | 2 |
| 13 | 1 | 96 | 3 |
| 14 | 1 | 96 | 3 |
| 15 | 1 | 96 | 3 |
| 16 | 1 | 96 | 3 |
| 17 | 1 | 96 | 3 |
| 18 | 1 | 96 | 3 |
| 19 | 1 | 95 | 4 |
| 20 | 1 | 95 | 4 |
| 21 | 1 | 95 | 4 |
| 22 | 1 | 95 | 4 |
| 23 | 1 | 94 | 5 |
| 24 | 1 | 94 | 5 |
| 25 | 1 | 94 | 5 |
| 26 | 1 | 94 | 5 |
| 27 | 1 | 93 | 6 |
| 28 | 1 | 93 | 6 |
Wind in February
Winds average 12 km/h in February.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 12 km/h on the calmest days to 12 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
| Feels | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12 | light breeze |
| 2 | 12 | light breeze |
| 3 | 12 | light breeze |
| 4 | 12 | light breeze |
| 5 | 12 | light breeze |
| 6 | 12 | light breeze |
| 7 | 12 | light breeze |
| 8 | 12 | light breeze |
| 9 | 12 | calm |
| 10 | 12 | calm |
| 11 | 12 | calm |
| 12 | 12 | calm |
| 13 | 12 | calm |
| 14 | 12 | calm |
| 15 | 12 | calm |
| 16 | 12 | calm |
| 17 | 12 | calm |
| 18 | 12 | calm |
| 19 | 12 | calm |
| 20 | 12 | calm |
| 21 | 12 | calm |
| 22 | 12 | calm |
| 23 | 12 | calm |
| 24 | 12 | calm |
| 25 | 12 | calm |
| 26 | 12 | calm |
| 27 | 12 | calm |
| 28 | 12 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 12 h 30 min at the start of February to 12 h 12 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 18 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 5:29 AM to 5:36 AM, and sunset from 5:58 PM to 5:50 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.2 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 5:29 | 5:29 | 5:29 | 5:30 | 5:30 | 5:30 | 5:31 | 5:31 | 5:31 | 5:32 | 5:32 | 5:32 | 5:33 | 5:33 | 5:33 | 5:33 | 5:34 | 5:34 | 5:34 | 5:34 | 5:35 | 5:35 | 5:35 | 5:35 | 5:35 | 5:36 | 5:36 | 5:36 |
| Sunset (PM) | 5:58 | 5:58 | 5:58 | 5:58 | 5:58 | 5:57 | 5:57 | 5:57 | 5:57 | 5:57 | 5:57 | 5:56 | 5:56 | 5:56 | 5:55 | 5:55 | 5:55 | 5:55 | 5:54 | 5:54 | 5:53 | 5:53 | 5:53 | 5:52 | 5:52 | 5:51 | 5:51 | 5:50 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12.5 | 5:29 | 5:58 |
| 2 | 12.5 | 5:29 | 5:58 |
| 3 | 12.5 | 5:29 | 5:58 |
| 4 | 12.5 | 5:30 | 5:58 |
| 5 | 12.5 | 5:30 | 5:58 |
| 6 | 12.5 | 5:30 | 5:57 |
| 7 | 12.4 | 5:31 | 5:57 |
| 8 | 12.4 | 5:31 | 5:57 |
| 9 | 12.4 | 5:31 | 5:57 |
| 10 | 12.4 | 5:32 | 5:57 |
| 11 | 12.4 | 5:32 | 5:57 |
| 12 | 12.4 | 5:32 | 5:56 |
| 13 | 12.4 | 5:33 | 5:56 |
| 14 | 12.4 | 5:33 | 5:56 |
| 15 | 12.4 | 5:33 | 5:55 |
| 16 | 12.4 | 5:33 | 5:55 |
| 17 | 12.4 | 5:34 | 5:55 |
| 18 | 12.3 | 5:34 | 5:55 |
| 19 | 12.3 | 5:34 | 5:54 |
| 20 | 12.3 | 5:34 | 5:54 |
| 21 | 12.3 | 5:35 | 5:53 |
| 22 | 12.3 | 5:35 | 5:53 |
| 23 | 12.3 | 5:35 | 5:53 |
| 24 | 12.3 | 5:35 | 5:52 |
| 25 | 12.3 | 5:35 | 5:52 |
| 26 | 12.3 | 5:36 | 5:51 |
| 27 | 12.3 | 5:36 | 5:51 |
| 28 | 12.2 | 5:36 | 5:50 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 6.28 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 4.02 kWh/m² to a high of 6.49 kWh/m² in December across the year — February's 6.28 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 |
| Level | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 2 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 3 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 4 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 5 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 6 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 7 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 8 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 9 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 10 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 11 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 12 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 13 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 14 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 15 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 16 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 17 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 18 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 19 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 20 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 21 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 22 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 23 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 24 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 25 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 26 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 27 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 28 | 6.3 | Intense |
Is February a good time to visit Estância?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is a reasonable time to visit Estância for sightseeing.
What to pack for Estância in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, Estância sees daytime highs around 31°C and nights near 24°C. Pack light clothes, rain gear and sun protection. About 15 days see rain.
Sea temperature near Estância in February
The nearest coast averages about 28°C in February — the other half of the beach question. The full-year curve and swim-comfort zones are below.
The sea at the nearest coast (about 14 km away) is warmest in April at about 28°C and coldest in August near 26°C.
The water stays above 20°C all year — warm enough for a swim any month.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sea temperature (°C) | 27 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 27 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 27 |
| Comfort | Warm | Warm | Tropical | Tropical | Warm | Warm | Warm | Warm | Warm | Warm | Warm | Warm |
| Sea temperature (°C) | Comfort | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 27 | Warm |
| Feb | 28 | Warm |
| Mar | 28 | Tropical |
| Apr | 28 | Tropical |
| May | 28 | Warm |
| Jun | 27 | Warm |
| Jul | 26 | Warm |
| Aug | 26 | Warm |
| Sep | 26 | Warm |
| Oct | 26 | Warm |
| Nov | 26 | Warm |
| Dec | 27 | Warm |
UV index in Estância in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 15 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Estância peaks around February 17 at about 15 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near July 11 at about 9 (very high).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 13 | 15 | 14 | 13 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 12 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | Very high | Very high | Very high | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 13 | Extreme |
| Feb | 15 | Extreme |
| Mar | 14 | Extreme |
| Apr | 13 | Extreme |
| May | 10 | Very high |
| Jun | 9 | Very high |
| Jul | 9 | Very high |
| Aug | 10 | Very high |
| Sep | 12 | Extreme |
| Oct | 13 | Extreme |
| Nov | 13 | Extreme |
| Dec | 12 | Extreme |
Where is Estância?
Estância sits at 11.3°S, 37.4°W, 54 m above sea level, in Brazil. The nearest listed city is Boquim, 24 km away.
Topography around Estância
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Estância.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Estância has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 75 m around an average of 34 m above sea level; within 16 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 149 m; within 80 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 694 m.
The land around Estância is covered by trees (41%) and grassland (40%) within 3 km, grassland (53%) and trees (33%) within 16 km, and grassland (45%) and water (27%) within 80 km.
Brazil travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / N
- 127 / 220 V · 60 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 46% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $10,713
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.6 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 89%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 19.3
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 16
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- Low
- EF EPI 482
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Estância (-11.2683°, -37.4383°, elevation 54 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. Sea temperatures are the NOAA OISST v2.1 1991–2020 monthly climatology (public domain), sampled at the nearest ocean point. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).