Itaobim weather in February
In February, Itaobim sees average daytime highs of 32°C and overnight lows near 21°C, with 53 mm of rain across 6.6 wet days and about 12.6 hours of daylight. It is the 1st-warmest and 5th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 32°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 26% of the time in February, and the air most often feels muggy.
Daylight stretches from about 12 h 42 min at the start of February to 12 h 24 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Itaobim's 6th-clearest and 5th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Itaobim's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 32°
- 1st warmest
- Overnight low
- 21°
- 12th coldest
- Rainfall
- 53 mm
- 6.6 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 h 36 min
- 6:44 AM – 7:17 PM
- Cloud cover
- 61%
- 6th clearest
- Wind
- 8 km/h
- 5th windiest
- Solar energy
- 6.36 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 4.4
- out of 10
Temperature in February
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 32°C through the month.
A typical February day in Itaobim reaches about 32°C in the afternoon and slips back to 21°C overnight — a 11°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 28°C and 35°C. Set against its neighbours, February runs on par with January and on par with March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 |
| Avg low (°C) | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 31 | 21 |
| 2 | 31 | 21 |
| 3 | 31 | 21 |
| 4 | 31 | 21 |
| 5 | 31 | 21 |
| 6 | 31 | 21 |
| 7 | 32 | 21 |
| 8 | 32 | 21 |
| 9 | 32 | 21 |
| 10 | 32 | 21 |
| 11 | 32 | 21 |
| 12 | 32 | 21 |
| 13 | 32 | 21 |
| 14 | 32 | 21 |
| 15 | 32 | 21 |
| 16 | 32 | 21 |
| 17 | 32 | 21 |
| 18 | 32 | 21 |
| 19 | 32 | 21 |
| 20 | 32 | 21 |
| 21 | 32 | 21 |
| 22 | 32 | 21 |
| 23 | 32 | 21 |
| 24 | 32 | 21 |
| 25 | 32 | 21 |
| 26 | 32 | 21 |
| 27 | 32 | 21 |
| 28 | 32 | 21 |
How February really feels in Itaobim
Once humidity and wind are folded in, February averages 28 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
The story in February is heat — humidity pushes the afternoon "feels like" well above the raw temperature.
Itaobim weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 1st-warmest and 5th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 31° / 21° | 83 | 9 | 12.9 | 4.5 |
| Feb | 32° / 21° | 53 | 6.6 | 12.6 | 4.4 |
| Mar | 31° / 21° | 82 | 10.3 | 12.1 | 4.5 |
| Apr | 30° / 20° | 34 | 6.3 | 11.6 | 5.5 |
| May | 28° / 18° | 15 | 3 | 11.2 | 7.0 |
| Jun | 27° / 17° | 6 | 1.5 | 11 | 7.7 |
| Jul | 27° / 16° | 6 | 1.8 | 11.1 | 7.8 |
| Aug | 28° / 16° | 5 | 1.3 | 11.4 | 7.6 |
| Sep | 30° / 18° | 13 | 2.2 | 11.9 | 6.2 |
| Oct | 31° / 19° | 46 | 6.2 | 12.4 | 5.1 |
| Nov | 30° / 20° | 120 | 12.5 | 12.8 | 4.6 |
| Dec | 30° / 21° | 135 | 12.4 | 13 | 4.4 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 26% of the time in February.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 23% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 50%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 46 | 47 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 50 | 50 | 49 | 49 | 49 | 48 | 48 |
| Cloudier (%) | 54 | 53 | 53 | 52 | 51 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 49 | 49 | 49 | 49 | 49 | 49 | 49 | 49 | 49 | 49 | 49 | 49 | 49 | 50 | 50 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 52 | 52 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 46 | 54 |
| 2 | 47 | 53 |
| 3 | 47 | 53 |
| 4 | 48 | 52 |
| 5 | 49 | 51 |
| 6 | 50 | 50 |
| 7 | 50 | 50 |
| 8 | 50 | 50 |
| 9 | 51 | 49 |
| 10 | 51 | 49 |
| 11 | 51 | 49 |
| 12 | 51 | 49 |
| 13 | 51 | 49 |
| 14 | 51 | 49 |
| 15 | 51 | 49 |
| 16 | 51 | 49 |
| 17 | 51 | 49 |
| 18 | 51 | 49 |
| 19 | 51 | 49 |
| 20 | 51 | 49 |
| 21 | 51 | 49 |
| 22 | 50 | 50 |
| 23 | 50 | 50 |
| 24 | 49 | 51 |
| 25 | 49 | 51 |
| 26 | 49 | 51 |
| 27 | 48 | 52 |
| 28 | 48 | 52 |
Chance of precipitation in February
Itaobim gets around 53 mm of rain over 6.6 wet days in February. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 24% and peaks near 29% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 24 | 24 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 29 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 24 |
| 2 | 24 |
| 3 | 23 |
| 4 | 23 |
| 5 | 23 |
| 6 | 23 |
| 7 | 23 |
| 8 | 23 |
| 9 | 23 |
| 10 | 23 |
| 11 | 23 |
| 12 | 23 |
| 13 | 23 |
| 14 | 23 |
| 15 | 23 |
| 16 | 23 |
| 17 | 23 |
| 18 | 23 |
| 19 | 23 |
| 20 | 24 |
| 21 | 24 |
| 22 | 25 |
| 23 | 26 |
| 24 | 26 |
| 25 | 27 |
| 26 | 28 |
| 27 | 29 |
| 28 | 29 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels muggy — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the muggy band about 54% of days. Sticky, muggy-or-worse air turns up on roughly 61% of them.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Comfortable (%) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Humid (%) | 38 | 38 | 39 | 39 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 40 | 40 | 39 | 38 | 38 | 37 | 36 | 35 | 34 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 32 | 32 | 32 |
| Muggy (%) | 52 | 52 | 51 | 52 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 52 | 52 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 54 | 55 | 56 | 57 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 59 | 58 | 58 |
| Oppressive (%) | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 |
| Comfortable (%) | Humid (%) | Muggy (%) | Oppressive (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 38 | 52 | 8 |
| 2 | 2 | 38 | 52 | 8 |
| 3 | 2 | 39 | 51 | 8 |
| 4 | 2 | 39 | 52 | 7 |
| 5 | 2 | 40 | 51 | 7 |
| 6 | 2 | 40 | 51 | 7 |
| 7 | 2 | 40 | 51 | 7 |
| 8 | 1 | 41 | 51 | 7 |
| 9 | 1 | 41 | 51 | 7 |
| 10 | 1 | 41 | 51 | 7 |
| 11 | 1 | 41 | 51 | 7 |
| 12 | 1 | 41 | 51 | 7 |
| 13 | 1 | 41 | 51 | 7 |
| 14 | 1 | 40 | 52 | 7 |
| 15 | 1 | 40 | 52 | 7 |
| 16 | 1 | 39 | 53 | 7 |
| 17 | 2 | 38 | 53 | 7 |
| 18 | 2 | 38 | 53 | 7 |
| 19 | 2 | 37 | 54 | 7 |
| 20 | 2 | 36 | 55 | 7 |
| 21 | 2 | 35 | 56 | 7 |
| 22 | 2 | 34 | 57 | 7 |
| 23 | 2 | 33 | 58 | 7 |
| 24 | 2 | 33 | 58 | 7 |
| 25 | 2 | 33 | 58 | 7 |
| 26 | 2 | 32 | 59 | 7 |
| 27 | 2 | 32 | 58 | 8 |
| 28 | 2 | 32 | 58 | 8 |
Wind in February
Winds average 8 km/h in February.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 8 km/h on the calmest days to 8 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 8 | calm |
| 2 | 8 | calm |
| 3 | 8 | calm |
| 4 | 8 | calm |
| 5 | 8 | calm |
| 6 | 8 | calm |
| 7 | 8 | calm |
| 8 | 8 | calm |
| 9 | 8 | calm |
| 10 | 8 | calm |
| 11 | 8 | calm |
| 12 | 8 | calm |
| 13 | 8 | calm |
| 14 | 8 | calm |
| 15 | 8 | calm |
| 16 | 8 | calm |
| 17 | 8 | calm |
| 18 | 8 | calm |
| 19 | 8 | calm |
| 20 | 8 | calm |
| 21 | 8 | calm |
| 22 | 8 | calm |
| 23 | 8 | calm |
| 24 | 8 | calm |
| 25 | 8 | calm |
| 26 | 8 | calm |
| 27 | 8 | calm |
| 28 | 8 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 12 h 42 min at the start of February to 12 h 24 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 18 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 6:38 AM to 6:48 AM, and sunset from 7:21 PM to 7:10 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:38 | 6:38 | 6:39 | 6:39 | 6:40 | 6:40 | 6:41 | 6:41 | 6:41 | 6:42 | 6:42 | 6:43 | 6:43 | 6:44 | 6:44 | 6:44 | 6:45 | 6:45 | 6:46 | 6:46 | 6:46 | 6:47 | 6:47 | 6:47 | 6:48 | 6:48 | 6:48 | 6:48 |
| Sunset (PM) | 7:21 | 7:21 | 7:21 | 7:21 | 7:21 | 7:20 | 7:20 | 7:20 | 7:19 | 7:19 | 7:19 | 7:18 | 7:18 | 7:18 | 7:17 | 7:17 | 7:16 | 7:16 | 7:15 | 7:15 | 7:14 | 7:14 | 7:13 | 7:13 | 7:12 | 7:12 | 7:11 | 7:10 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12.7 | 6:38 | 7:21 |
| 2 | 12.7 | 6:38 | 7:21 |
| 3 | 12.7 | 6:39 | 7:21 |
| 4 | 12.7 | 6:39 | 7:21 |
| 5 | 12.7 | 6:40 | 7:21 |
| 6 | 12.7 | 6:40 | 7:20 |
| 7 | 12.7 | 6:41 | 7:20 |
| 8 | 12.6 | 6:41 | 7:20 |
| 9 | 12.6 | 6:41 | 7:19 |
| 10 | 12.6 | 6:42 | 7:19 |
| 11 | 12.6 | 6:42 | 7:19 |
| 12 | 12.6 | 6:43 | 7:18 |
| 13 | 12.6 | 6:43 | 7:18 |
| 14 | 12.6 | 6:44 | 7:18 |
| 15 | 12.6 | 6:44 | 7:17 |
| 16 | 12.5 | 6:44 | 7:17 |
| 17 | 12.5 | 6:45 | 7:16 |
| 18 | 12.5 | 6:45 | 7:16 |
| 19 | 12.5 | 6:46 | 7:15 |
| 20 | 12.5 | 6:46 | 7:15 |
| 21 | 12.5 | 6:46 | 7:14 |
| 22 | 12.5 | 6:47 | 7:14 |
| 23 | 12.4 | 6:47 | 7:13 |
| 24 | 12.4 | 6:47 | 7:13 |
| 25 | 12.4 | 6:48 | 7:12 |
| 26 | 12.4 | 6:48 | 7:12 |
| 27 | 12.4 | 6:48 | 7:11 |
| 28 | 12.4 | 6:48 | 7:10 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 6.36 kWh/m² — the sunniest month for solar.
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 3.58 kWh/m² to a high of 6.36 kWh/m² in February across the year — February's 6.36 kWh/m² sits near the top of that range.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.1 |
| Level | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 2 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 3 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 4 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 5 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 6 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 7 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 8 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 9 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 10 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 11 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 12 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 13 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 14 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 15 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 16 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 17 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 18 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 19 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 20 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 21 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 22 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 23 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 24 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 25 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 26 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 27 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 28 | 6.1 | Intense |
Hazard calendar for Itaobim
None of Itaobim's seasonal hazards are active in February. The full-year calendar below shows when the rainy season, cyclone risk and dust haze do peak.
Itaobim's rainy season runs November–January, when most of the year's rain falls.
Is February a good time to visit Itaobim?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is a reasonable time to visit Itaobim for sightseeing. The water and warmth also suit a beach or pool day.
What to pack for Itaobim in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, Itaobim sees daytime highs around 32°C and nights near 21°C. Pack light clothes and sun protection. About 7 days see rain.
UV index in Itaobim in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 15 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Itaobim peaks around February 16 at about 15 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near July 10 at about 8 (very high).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 14 | 15 | 14 | 12 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 10 | 11 | 13 | 14 | 13 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | Very high | Very high | Very high | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 14 | Extreme |
| Feb | 15 | Extreme |
| Mar | 14 | Extreme |
| Apr | 12 | Extreme |
| May | 9 | Very high |
| Jun | 8 | Very high |
| Jul | 8 | Very high |
| Aug | 10 | Very high |
| Sep | 11 | Extreme |
| Oct | 13 | Extreme |
| Nov | 14 | Extreme |
| Dec | 13 | Extreme |
Where is Itaobim?
Itaobim sits at 16.6°S, 41.5°W, 273 m above sea level, in Brazil. The nearest listed city is Medina, 38 km away.
Topography around Itaobim
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Itaobim.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Itaobim has significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 325 m around an average of 289 m above sea level; within 16 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 655 m; within 80 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 973 m.
The land around Itaobim is covered by grassland (49%) and trees (35%) within 3 km, trees (59%) and grassland (39%) within 16 km, and trees (66%) and grassland (33%) within 80 km.
Brazil travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / N
- 127 / 220 V · 60 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 46% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $10,713
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.6 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 89%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 19.3
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 16
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- Low
- EF EPI 482
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Itaobim (-16.5617°, -41.5033°, elevation 273 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).