Itaocara weather in February
In February, Itaocara sees average daytime highs of 31°C and overnight lows near 22°C, with 100 mm of rain across 13.1 wet days and about 12.7 hours of daylight. It is the 1st-warmest and 5th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 31°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 24% of the time in February, and the air most often feels oppressive.
Daylight stretches from about 13 hours at the start of February to 12 h 30 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Itaocara's 7th-clearest and 5th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Itaocara's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 31°
- 1st warmest
- Overnight low
- 22°
- 11th coldest
- Rainfall
- 100 mm
- 13.1 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 h 42 min
- 6:41 AM – 7:25 PM
- Cloud cover
- 64%
- 7th clearest
- Wind
- 6 km/h
- 5th windiest
- Solar energy
- 6.04 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 4.0
- out of 10
Itaocara is settlement in Brazil.
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in February
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 31°C through the month.
A typical February day in Itaocara reaches about 31°C in the afternoon and slips back to 22°C overnight — a 9°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 27°C and 34°C. Set against its neighbours, February runs on par with January and about 1°C warmer than March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 |
| Avg low (°C) | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 31 | 22 |
| 2 | 31 | 22 |
| 3 | 31 | 22 |
| 4 | 31 | 22 |
| 5 | 31 | 22 |
| 6 | 31 | 22 |
| 7 | 31 | 22 |
| 8 | 31 | 22 |
| 9 | 31 | 22 |
| 10 | 31 | 22 |
| 11 | 31 | 22 |
| 12 | 31 | 22 |
| 13 | 31 | 22 |
| 14 | 31 | 22 |
| 15 | 31 | 22 |
| 16 | 31 | 22 |
| 17 | 31 | 22 |
| 18 | 31 | 22 |
| 19 | 31 | 22 |
| 20 | 31 | 22 |
| 21 | 31 | 22 |
| 22 | 31 | 22 |
| 23 | 31 | 22 |
| 24 | 31 | 22 |
| 25 | 31 | 22 |
| 26 | 31 | 22 |
| 27 | 31 | 22 |
| 28 | 31 | 22 |
How February really feels in Itaocara
Once humidity and wind are folded in, February averages 28 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
The story in February is heat — humidity pushes the afternoon "feels like" well above the raw temperature.
Itaocara weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 1st-warmest and 5th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 31° / 22° | 184 | 17.5 | 13.2 | 3.8 |
| Feb | 31° / 22° | 100 | 13.1 | 12.7 | 4.0 |
| Mar | 30° / 21° | 135 | 16.3 | 12.2 | 4.2 |
| Apr | 29° / 20° | 68 | 10.8 | 11.5 | 5.6 |
| May | 26° / 17° | 46 | 7.2 | 11 | 7.0 |
| Jun | 26° / 16° | 18 | 3.9 | 10.7 | 7.8 |
| Jul | 25° / 16° | 16 | 3.8 | 10.8 | 8.0 |
| Aug | 26° / 16° | 20 | 4.2 | 11.3 | 7.7 |
| Sep | 27° / 17° | 54 | 7.5 | 11.9 | 6.8 |
| Oct | 28° / 19° | 90 | 11 | 12.5 | 5.7 |
| Nov | 28° / 20° | 182 | 17.2 | 13 | 4.8 |
| Dec | 29° / 21° | 216 | 19.8 | 13.3 | 4.0 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 24% of the time in February.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 17% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 58%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 39 | 39 | 39 | 40 | 40 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 42 | 42 | 41 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 42 |
| Cloudier (%) | 61 | 61 | 61 | 60 | 60 | 59 | 59 | 59 | 58 | 58 | 59 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 58 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 39 | 61 |
| 2 | 39 | 61 |
| 3 | 39 | 61 |
| 4 | 40 | 60 |
| 5 | 40 | 60 |
| 6 | 41 | 59 |
| 7 | 41 | 59 |
| 8 | 41 | 59 |
| 9 | 42 | 58 |
| 10 | 42 | 58 |
| 11 | 41 | 59 |
| 12 | 42 | 58 |
| 13 | 42 | 58 |
| 14 | 42 | 58 |
| 15 | 42 | 58 |
| 16 | 42 | 58 |
| 17 | 42 | 58 |
| 18 | 42 | 58 |
| 19 | 43 | 57 |
| 20 | 43 | 57 |
| 21 | 43 | 57 |
| 22 | 43 | 57 |
| 23 | 43 | 57 |
| 24 | 43 | 57 |
| 25 | 43 | 57 |
| 26 | 43 | 57 |
| 27 | 43 | 57 |
| 28 | 42 | 58 |
Chance of precipitation in February
Itaocara gets around 100 mm of rain over 13.1 wet days in February. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 48% and peaks near 52% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 52 | 52 | 51 | 51 | 50 | 50 | 49 | 48 | 48 | 47 | 47 | 46 | 45 | 45 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 48 | 49 | 50 | 51 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 52 |
| 2 | 52 |
| 3 | 51 |
| 4 | 51 |
| 5 | 50 |
| 6 | 50 |
| 7 | 49 |
| 8 | 48 |
| 9 | 48 |
| 10 | 47 |
| 11 | 47 |
| 12 | 46 |
| 13 | 45 |
| 14 | 45 |
| 15 | 44 |
| 16 | 44 |
| 17 | 44 |
| 18 | 44 |
| 19 | 44 |
| 20 | 45 |
| 21 | 46 |
| 22 | 46 |
| 23 | 47 |
| 24 | 48 |
| 25 | 48 |
| 26 | 49 |
| 27 | 50 |
| 28 | 51 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels oppressive — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the oppressive band about 60% of days. Sticky, muggy-or-worse air turns up on roughly 99% of them.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Humid (%) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Muggy (%) | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 37 | 37 | 38 | 38 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 38 | 38 | 37 | 36 |
| Oppressive (%) | 63 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 62 | 62 | 62 | 61 | 61 | 60 | 60 | 59 | 59 | 59 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 59 | 59 | 59 | 59 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 61 | 60 | 61 | 62 |
| Miserable (%) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Humid (%) | Muggy (%) | Oppressive (%) | Miserable (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | 35 | 63 | 1 |
| 2 | 1 | 35 | 63 | 1 |
| 3 | 1 | 35 | 63 | 1 |
| 4 | 1 | 35 | 63 | 1 |
| 5 | 1 | 36 | 62 | 1 |
| 6 | 1 | 36 | 62 | 1 |
| 7 | 1 | 36 | 62 | 1 |
| 8 | 1 | 37 | 61 | 1 |
| 9 | 1 | 37 | 61 | 1 |
| 10 | 1 | 38 | 60 | 1 |
| 11 | 1 | 38 | 60 | 1 |
| 12 | 1 | 39 | 59 | 1 |
| 13 | 1 | 39 | 59 | 1 |
| 14 | 1 | 39 | 59 | 1 |
| 15 | 1 | 40 | 58 | 1 |
| 16 | 1 | 40 | 58 | 1 |
| 17 | 1 | 40 | 58 | 1 |
| 18 | 1 | 40 | 59 | 0 |
| 19 | 1 | 40 | 59 | 0 |
| 20 | 1 | 40 | 59 | 0 |
| 21 | 1 | 40 | 59 | 0 |
| 22 | 1 | 39 | 60 | 0 |
| 23 | 1 | 39 | 60 | 0 |
| 24 | 1 | 39 | 60 | 0 |
| 25 | 1 | 38 | 61 | 0 |
| 26 | 2 | 38 | 60 | 0 |
| 27 | 2 | 37 | 61 | 0 |
| 28 | 2 | 36 | 62 | 0 |
Wind in February
Winds average 6 km/h in February.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 5 km/h on the calmest days to 6 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6 | calm |
| 2 | 6 | calm |
| 3 | 6 | calm |
| 4 | 6 | calm |
| 5 | 6 | calm |
| 6 | 6 | calm |
| 7 | 6 | calm |
| 8 | 6 | calm |
| 9 | 6 | calm |
| 10 | 6 | calm |
| 11 | 6 | calm |
| 12 | 6 | calm |
| 13 | 6 | calm |
| 14 | 6 | calm |
| 15 | 6 | calm |
| 16 | 5 | calm |
| 17 | 5 | calm |
| 18 | 5 | calm |
| 19 | 5 | calm |
| 20 | 5 | calm |
| 21 | 5 | calm |
| 22 | 5 | calm |
| 23 | 5 | calm |
| 24 | 5 | calm |
| 25 | 5 | calm |
| 26 | 5 | calm |
| 27 | 5 | calm |
| 28 | 5 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 13 hours at the start of February to 12 h 30 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 30 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 6:32 AM to 6:47 AM, and sunset from 7:31 PM to 7:16 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 13.0 | 13.0 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:32 | 6:33 | 6:34 | 6:34 | 6:35 | 6:36 | 6:36 | 6:37 | 6:37 | 6:38 | 6:38 | 6:39 | 6:40 | 6:40 | 6:41 | 6:41 | 6:42 | 6:42 | 6:43 | 6:43 | 6:44 | 6:44 | 6:45 | 6:45 | 6:46 | 6:46 | 6:47 | 6:47 |
| Sunset (PM) | 7:31 | 7:31 | 7:31 | 7:30 | 7:30 | 7:29 | 7:29 | 7:29 | 7:28 | 7:28 | 7:27 | 7:27 | 7:26 | 7:26 | 7:25 | 7:25 | 7:24 | 7:23 | 7:23 | 7:22 | 7:21 | 7:21 | 7:20 | 7:19 | 7:19 | 7:18 | 7:17 | 7:16 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 13.0 | 6:32 | 7:31 |
| 2 | 13.0 | 6:33 | 7:31 |
| 3 | 12.9 | 6:34 | 7:31 |
| 4 | 12.9 | 6:34 | 7:30 |
| 5 | 12.9 | 6:35 | 7:30 |
| 6 | 12.9 | 6:36 | 7:29 |
| 7 | 12.9 | 6:36 | 7:29 |
| 8 | 12.9 | 6:37 | 7:29 |
| 9 | 12.8 | 6:37 | 7:28 |
| 10 | 12.8 | 6:38 | 7:28 |
| 11 | 12.8 | 6:38 | 7:27 |
| 12 | 12.8 | 6:39 | 7:27 |
| 13 | 12.8 | 6:40 | 7:26 |
| 14 | 12.8 | 6:40 | 7:26 |
| 15 | 12.7 | 6:41 | 7:25 |
| 16 | 12.7 | 6:41 | 7:25 |
| 17 | 12.7 | 6:42 | 7:24 |
| 18 | 12.7 | 6:42 | 7:23 |
| 19 | 12.7 | 6:43 | 7:23 |
| 20 | 12.6 | 6:43 | 7:22 |
| 21 | 12.6 | 6:44 | 7:21 |
| 22 | 12.6 | 6:44 | 7:21 |
| 23 | 12.6 | 6:45 | 7:20 |
| 24 | 12.6 | 6:45 | 7:19 |
| 25 | 12.5 | 6:46 | 7:19 |
| 26 | 12.5 | 6:46 | 7:18 |
| 27 | 12.5 | 6:47 | 7:17 |
| 28 | 12.5 | 6:47 | 7:16 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 6.04 kWh/m² — the sunniest month for solar.
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 3.44 kWh/m² to a high of 6.04 kWh/m² in February across the year — February's 6.04 kWh/m² sits near the top of that range.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.6 |
| Level | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 2 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 3 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 4 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 5 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 6 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 7 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 8 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 9 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 10 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 11 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 12 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 13 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 14 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 15 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 16 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 17 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 18 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 19 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 20 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 21 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 22 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 23 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 24 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 25 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 26 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 27 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 28 | 5.6 | Bright |
Hazard calendar for Itaocara
In February, Itaocara sits inside its monsoon season. The full year is below, with each hazard's peak months called out.
Itaocara's monsoon runs November–March, when most of the year's rain falls.
Is February a good time to visit Itaocara?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is a reasonable time to visit Itaocara for sightseeing.
What to pack for Itaocara in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, Itaocara sees daytime highs around 31°C and nights near 22°C. Pack light clothes, rain gear and sun protection. About 13 days see rain.
UV index in Itaocara in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 14 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Itaocara peaks around February 9 at about 14 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near June 22 at about 6 (high).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 14 | 14 | 12 | 10 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 12 | 13 | 14 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | High | High | High | Very high | Very high | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 14 | Extreme |
| Feb | 14 | Extreme |
| Mar | 12 | Extreme |
| Apr | 10 | Very high |
| May | 7 | High |
| Jun | 6 | High |
| Jul | 6 | High |
| Aug | 8 | Very high |
| Sep | 8 | Very high |
| Oct | 12 | Extreme |
| Nov | 13 | Extreme |
| Dec | 14 | Extreme |
Where is Itaocara?
Itaocara sits at 21.7°S, 42.1°W, 99 m above sea level, in Brazil. The nearest listed city is Santo Antônio de Pádua, 18 km away.
Topography around Itaocara
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Itaocara.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Itaocara has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 217 m around an average of 90 m above sea level; within 16 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 677 m; within 80 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,806 m.
The land around Itaocara is covered by grassland (68%) within 3 km, grassland (75%) and trees (23%) within 16 km, and grassland (66%) and trees (31%) within 80 km.
Brazil travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / N
- 127 / 220 V · 60 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 46% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $10,713
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.6 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 89%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 19.3
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 16
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- Low
- EF EPI 482
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Itaocara (-21.6692°, -42.0761°, elevation 99 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).