Oliveira weather in February
In February, Oliveira sees average daytime highs of 28°C and overnight lows near 18°C, with 145 mm of rain across 16.5 wet days and about 12.7 hours of daylight. It is the 1st-warmest and 5th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 28°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 16% of the time in February, and the air most often feels humid.
Daylight stretches from about 12 h 54 min at the start of February to 12 h 30 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Oliveira's 9th-clearest and 12th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Oliveira's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 28°
- 1st warmest
- Overnight low
- 18°
- 11th coldest
- Rainfall
- 145 mm
- 16.5 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 h 42 min
- 6:53 AM – 7:35 PM
- Cloud cover
- 71%
- 9th clearest
- Wind
- 8 km/h
- 12th windiest
- Solar energy
- 5.82 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 5.1
- out of 10
Oliveira is human settlement in Brazil.
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in February
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 28°C through the month.
A typical February day in Oliveira reaches about 28°C in the afternoon and slips back to 18°C overnight — a 9°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 24°C and 30°C. Set against its neighbours, February runs on par with January and on par with March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 27 | 27 | 27 |
| Avg low (°C) | 19 | 19 | 19 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 27 | 19 |
| 2 | 27 | 19 |
| 3 | 27 | 19 |
| 4 | 27 | 18 |
| 5 | 27 | 18 |
| 6 | 27 | 18 |
| 7 | 28 | 18 |
| 8 | 28 | 18 |
| 9 | 28 | 18 |
| 10 | 28 | 18 |
| 11 | 28 | 18 |
| 12 | 28 | 18 |
| 13 | 28 | 18 |
| 14 | 28 | 18 |
| 15 | 28 | 18 |
| 16 | 28 | 18 |
| 17 | 28 | 18 |
| 18 | 28 | 18 |
| 19 | 28 | 18 |
| 20 | 28 | 18 |
| 21 | 28 | 18 |
| 22 | 28 | 18 |
| 23 | 28 | 18 |
| 24 | 28 | 18 |
| 25 | 28 | 18 |
| 26 | 27 | 18 |
| 27 | 27 | 18 |
| 28 | 27 | 18 |
Oliveira weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 1st-warmest and 5th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 27° / 19° | 246 | 21.5 | 13.1 | 4.6 |
| Feb | 28° / 18° | 145 | 16.5 | 12.7 | 5.1 |
| Mar | 27° / 18° | 157 | 18.6 | 12.1 | 5.2 |
| Apr | 26° / 17° | 58 | 9.6 | 11.5 | 6.7 |
| May | 24° / 14° | 38 | 5.7 | 11 | 7.7 |
| Jun | 23° / 13° | 15 | 2.3 | 10.8 | 8.3 |
| Jul | 24° / 12° | 9 | 1.7 | 10.9 | 8.7 |
| Aug | 25° / 13° | 15 | 2.5 | 11.3 | 8.5 |
| Sep | 27° / 15° | 58 | 7.4 | 11.9 | 7.1 |
| Oct | 27° / 17° | 95 | 12.8 | 12.5 | 6.0 |
| Nov | 26° / 17° | 188 | 19.8 | 13 | 4.9 |
| Dec | 27° / 18° | 266 | 24 | 13.2 | 4.4 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 16% of the time in February.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 17% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 67%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 29 | 29 | 29 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 31 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 34 | 34 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 34 | 34 |
| Cloudier (%) | 71 | 71 | 71 | 70 | 70 | 70 | 69 | 68 | 68 | 68 | 69 | 68 | 68 | 68 | 67 | 67 | 67 | 66 | 66 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 66 | 66 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 29 | 71 |
| 2 | 29 | 71 |
| 3 | 29 | 71 |
| 4 | 30 | 70 |
| 5 | 30 | 70 |
| 6 | 30 | 70 |
| 7 | 31 | 69 |
| 8 | 32 | 68 |
| 9 | 32 | 68 |
| 10 | 32 | 68 |
| 11 | 31 | 69 |
| 12 | 32 | 68 |
| 13 | 32 | 68 |
| 14 | 32 | 68 |
| 15 | 33 | 67 |
| 16 | 33 | 67 |
| 17 | 33 | 67 |
| 18 | 34 | 66 |
| 19 | 34 | 66 |
| 20 | 35 | 65 |
| 21 | 35 | 65 |
| 22 | 35 | 65 |
| 23 | 35 | 65 |
| 24 | 35 | 65 |
| 25 | 35 | 65 |
| 26 | 35 | 65 |
| 27 | 34 | 66 |
| 28 | 34 | 66 |
Chance of precipitation in February
Oliveira gets around 145 mm of rain over 16.5 wet days in February. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 59% and peaks near 63% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 63 | 62 | 62 | 61 | 60 | 59 | 59 | 58 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 56 | 56 | 56 | 56 | 56 | 57 | 57 | 58 | 59 | 59 | 60 | 61 | 61 | 62 | 62 | 63 | 63 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 63 |
| 2 | 62 |
| 3 | 62 |
| 4 | 61 |
| 5 | 60 |
| 6 | 59 |
| 7 | 59 |
| 8 | 58 |
| 9 | 57 |
| 10 | 57 |
| 11 | 57 |
| 12 | 56 |
| 13 | 56 |
| 14 | 56 |
| 15 | 56 |
| 16 | 56 |
| 17 | 57 |
| 18 | 57 |
| 19 | 58 |
| 20 | 59 |
| 21 | 59 |
| 22 | 60 |
| 23 | 61 |
| 24 | 61 |
| 25 | 62 |
| 26 | 62 |
| 27 | 63 |
| 28 | 63 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels humid — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the humid band about 49% of days. Sticky, muggy-or-worse air turns up on roughly 44% of them.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Comfortable (%) | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Humid (%) | 44 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 45 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 49 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 50 | 50 |
| Muggy (%) | 50 | 50 | 49 | 48 | 47 | 47 | 46 | 45 | 45 | 44 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 45 | 45 |
| Comfortable (%) | Humid (%) | Muggy (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6 | 44 | 50 |
| 2 | 6 | 44 | 50 |
| 3 | 7 | 44 | 49 |
| 4 | 7 | 44 | 48 |
| 5 | 8 | 44 | 47 |
| 6 | 8 | 45 | 47 |
| 7 | 8 | 45 | 46 |
| 8 | 8 | 46 | 45 |
| 9 | 8 | 47 | 45 |
| 10 | 8 | 47 | 44 |
| 11 | 8 | 48 | 43 |
| 12 | 8 | 49 | 43 |
| 13 | 8 | 49 | 43 |
| 14 | 7 | 51 | 42 |
| 15 | 7 | 51 | 42 |
| 16 | 7 | 51 | 42 |
| 17 | 6 | 52 | 42 |
| 18 | 6 | 52 | 42 |
| 19 | 6 | 52 | 42 |
| 20 | 6 | 52 | 42 |
| 21 | 5 | 52 | 43 |
| 22 | 5 | 52 | 43 |
| 23 | 5 | 52 | 43 |
| 24 | 5 | 51 | 44 |
| 25 | 5 | 51 | 44 |
| 26 | 5 | 51 | 44 |
| 27 | 5 | 50 | 45 |
| 28 | 5 | 50 | 45 |
Wind in February
Winds average 8 km/h in February, the calmest month.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 8 km/h on the calmest days to 8 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 8 | calm |
| 2 | 8 | calm |
| 3 | 8 | calm |
| 4 | 8 | calm |
| 5 | 8 | calm |
| 6 | 8 | calm |
| 7 | 8 | calm |
| 8 | 8 | calm |
| 9 | 8 | calm |
| 10 | 8 | calm |
| 11 | 8 | calm |
| 12 | 8 | calm |
| 13 | 8 | calm |
| 14 | 8 | calm |
| 15 | 8 | calm |
| 16 | 8 | calm |
| 17 | 8 | calm |
| 18 | 8 | calm |
| 19 | 8 | calm |
| 20 | 8 | calm |
| 21 | 8 | calm |
| 22 | 8 | calm |
| 23 | 8 | calm |
| 24 | 8 | calm |
| 25 | 8 | calm |
| 26 | 8 | calm |
| 27 | 8 | calm |
| 28 | 8 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 12 h 54 min at the start of February to 12 h 30 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 24 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 6:45 AM to 6:59 AM, and sunset from 7:41 PM to 7:27 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:45 | 6:45 | 6:46 | 6:47 | 6:47 | 6:48 | 6:48 | 6:49 | 6:50 | 6:50 | 6:51 | 6:51 | 6:52 | 6:52 | 6:53 | 6:53 | 6:54 | 6:54 | 6:55 | 6:55 | 6:56 | 6:56 | 6:57 | 6:57 | 6:58 | 6:58 | 6:58 | 6:59 |
| Sunset (PM) | 7:41 | 7:40 | 7:40 | 7:40 | 7:40 | 7:39 | 7:39 | 7:38 | 7:38 | 7:38 | 7:37 | 7:37 | 7:36 | 7:36 | 7:35 | 7:34 | 7:34 | 7:33 | 7:33 | 7:32 | 7:31 | 7:31 | 7:30 | 7:29 | 7:29 | 7:28 | 7:27 | 7:27 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12.9 | 6:45 | 7:41 |
| 2 | 12.9 | 6:45 | 7:40 |
| 3 | 12.9 | 6:46 | 7:40 |
| 4 | 12.9 | 6:47 | 7:40 |
| 5 | 12.9 | 6:47 | 7:40 |
| 6 | 12.9 | 6:48 | 7:39 |
| 7 | 12.8 | 6:48 | 7:39 |
| 8 | 12.8 | 6:49 | 7:38 |
| 9 | 12.8 | 6:50 | 7:38 |
| 10 | 12.8 | 6:50 | 7:38 |
| 11 | 12.8 | 6:51 | 7:37 |
| 12 | 12.8 | 6:51 | 7:37 |
| 13 | 12.7 | 6:52 | 7:36 |
| 14 | 12.7 | 6:52 | 7:36 |
| 15 | 12.7 | 6:53 | 7:35 |
| 16 | 12.7 | 6:53 | 7:34 |
| 17 | 12.7 | 6:54 | 7:34 |
| 18 | 12.7 | 6:54 | 7:33 |
| 19 | 12.6 | 6:55 | 7:33 |
| 20 | 12.6 | 6:55 | 7:32 |
| 21 | 12.6 | 6:56 | 7:31 |
| 22 | 12.6 | 6:56 | 7:31 |
| 23 | 12.6 | 6:57 | 7:30 |
| 24 | 12.5 | 6:57 | 7:29 |
| 25 | 12.5 | 6:58 | 7:29 |
| 26 | 12.5 | 6:58 | 7:28 |
| 27 | 12.5 | 6:58 | 7:27 |
| 28 | 12.5 | 6:59 | 7:27 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 5.82 kWh/m² — the sunniest month for solar.
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 3.9 kWh/m² to a high of 5.82 kWh/m² in February across the year — February's 5.82 kWh/m² sits near the top of that range.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 5.5 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 2 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 3 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 4 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 5 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 6 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 7 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 8 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 9 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 10 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 11 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 12 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 13 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 14 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 15 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 16 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 17 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 18 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 19 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 20 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 21 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 22 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 23 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 24 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 25 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 26 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 27 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 28 | 5.5 | Bright |
Hazard calendar for Oliveira
In February, Oliveira sits inside its monsoon season. The full year is below, with each hazard's peak months called out.
Oliveira's monsoon runs November–March, when most of the year's rain falls.
Is February a good time to visit Oliveira?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is a reasonable time to visit Oliveira for sightseeing.
What to pack for Oliveira in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, Oliveira sees daytime highs around 28°C and nights near 18°C. Pack light clothes and rain gear. Worth having: sun protection. About 17 days see rain.
UV index in Oliveira in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 15 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Oliveira peaks around February 8 at about 15 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near June 21 at about 7 (high).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 15 | 15 | 13 | 10 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 10 | 12 | 14 | 14 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | High | High | Very high | Very high | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 15 | Extreme |
| Feb | 15 | Extreme |
| Mar | 13 | Extreme |
| Apr | 10 | Extreme |
| May | 8 | Very high |
| Jun | 7 | High |
| Jul | 7 | High |
| Aug | 9 | Very high |
| Sep | 10 | Very high |
| Oct | 12 | Extreme |
| Nov | 14 | Extreme |
| Dec | 14 | Extreme |
Air quality in Oliveira in February
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where February falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Oliveira is worst in September — around 16 µg/m³ PM2.5 (moderate), about 2.1× the cleanest month (November, 8 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 8 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 10 | 16 | 11 | 8 | 8 |
| Level | Good | Good | Good | Good | Good | Good | Good | Good | Moderate | Good | Good | Good |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 8 | Good |
| Feb | 9 | Good |
| Mar | 8 | Good |
| Apr | 8 | Good |
| May | 9 | Good |
| Jun | 9 | Good |
| Jul | 8 | Good |
| Aug | 10 | Good |
| Sep | 16 | Moderate |
| Oct | 11 | Good |
| Nov | 8 | Good |
| Dec | 8 | Good |
Where is Oliveira?
Oliveira sits at 20.7°S, 44.8°W, 985 m above sea level, in Brazil. The nearest listed city is Carmópolis de Minas, 26 km away.
Topography around Oliveira
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Oliveira.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Oliveira has significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 253 m around an average of 983 m above sea level; within 16 km, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 425 m; within 80 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 680 m.
The land around Oliveira is covered by grassland (51%), artificial surfaces (22%) and trees (20%) within 3 km, grassland (53%) and trees (40%) within 16 km, and grassland (55%) and trees (37%) within 80 km.
Brazil travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / N
- 127 / 220 V · 60 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 46% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $10,713
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.6 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 89%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 19.3
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 16
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- Low
- EF EPI 482
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Oliveira (-20.6964°, -44.8272°, elevation 985 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).