Pindaré-Mirim weather in February
In February, Pindaré-Mirim sees average daytime highs of 31°C and overnight lows near 24°C, with 299 mm of rain across 25.7 wet days and about 12.1 hours of daylight. It is the 8th-warmest and 3rd-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 31°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 4% of the time in February, and the air most often feels miserable.
Daylight stretches from about 12 h 12 min at the start of February to 12 h 06 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Pindaré-Mirim's 10th-clearest and 9th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Pindaré-Mirim's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 31°
- 8th warmest
- Overnight low
- 24°
- 5th coldest
- Rainfall
- 299 mm
- 25.7 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 h 06 min
- 6:12 AM – 6:19 PM
- Cloud cover
- 82%
- 10th clearest
- Wind
- 6 km/h
- 9th windiest
- Solar energy
- 4.58 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 2.5
- out of 10
Temperature in February
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 31°C through the month.
A typical February day in Pindaré-Mirim reaches about 31°C in the afternoon and slips back to 24°C overnight — a 7°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 29°C and 33°C. Set against its neighbours, February runs on par with January and on par with March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 |
| Avg low (°C) | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 31 | 24 |
| 2 | 31 | 24 |
| 3 | 31 | 24 |
| 4 | 31 | 24 |
| 5 | 31 | 24 |
| 6 | 31 | 24 |
| 7 | 31 | 24 |
| 8 | 31 | 24 |
| 9 | 31 | 24 |
| 10 | 31 | 24 |
| 11 | 31 | 24 |
| 12 | 31 | 24 |
| 13 | 31 | 24 |
| 14 | 31 | 24 |
| 15 | 31 | 24 |
| 16 | 31 | 24 |
| 17 | 31 | 24 |
| 18 | 31 | 24 |
| 19 | 31 | 24 |
| 20 | 31 | 24 |
| 21 | 31 | 24 |
| 22 | 31 | 24 |
| 23 | 31 | 24 |
| 24 | 31 | 24 |
| 25 | 31 | 24 |
| 26 | 31 | 24 |
| 27 | 31 | 24 |
| 28 | 31 | 24 |
How February really feels in Pindaré-Mirim
Once humidity and wind are folded in, February averages 28 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
The story in February is heat — humidity pushes the afternoon "feels like" well above the raw temperature.
Pindaré-Mirim weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 8th-warmest and 3rd-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 32° / 24° | 241 | 25 | 12.2 | 2.6 |
| Feb | 31° / 24° | 299 | 25.7 | 12.1 | 2.5 |
| Mar | 31° / 24° | 378 | 29.5 | 12 | 2.4 |
| Apr | 31° / 24° | 379 | 28 | 11.9 | 2.5 |
| May | 31° / 24° | 194 | 22.8 | 11.8 | 3.1 |
| Jun | 31° / 24° | 67 | 13.3 | 11.8 | 4.1 |
| Jul | 32° / 23° | 41 | 8.4 | 11.8 | 4.5 |
| Aug | 33° / 24° | 13 | 3.2 | 11.9 | 4.2 |
| Sep | 34° / 24° | 10 | 2 | 12 | 3.5 |
| Oct | 35° / 25° | 19 | 3.5 | 12.1 | 3.1 |
| Nov | 34° / 25° | 42 | 6.9 | 12.2 | 3.0 |
| Dec | 33° / 25° | 108 | 14.6 | 12.2 | 2.9 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 4% of the time in February.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 11% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 86%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 14 |
| Cloudier (%) | 84 | 84 | 84 | 84 | 84 | 84 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 86 | 86 | 86 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 16 | 84 |
| 2 | 16 | 84 |
| 3 | 16 | 84 |
| 4 | 16 | 84 |
| 5 | 16 | 84 |
| 6 | 16 | 84 |
| 7 | 15 | 85 |
| 8 | 15 | 85 |
| 9 | 15 | 85 |
| 10 | 15 | 85 |
| 11 | 14 | 86 |
| 12 | 14 | 86 |
| 13 | 14 | 86 |
| 14 | 14 | 86 |
| 15 | 14 | 86 |
| 16 | 14 | 86 |
| 17 | 14 | 86 |
| 18 | 14 | 86 |
| 19 | 14 | 86 |
| 20 | 13 | 87 |
| 21 | 13 | 87 |
| 22 | 13 | 87 |
| 23 | 13 | 87 |
| 24 | 13 | 87 |
| 25 | 13 | 87 |
| 26 | 14 | 86 |
| 27 | 14 | 86 |
| 28 | 14 | 86 |
Chance of precipitation in February
Pindaré-Mirim gets around 299 mm of rain over 25.7 wet days in February. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 91% and peaks near 93% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 87 | 88 | 88 | 89 | 89 | 89 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 87 |
| 2 | 88 |
| 3 | 88 |
| 4 | 89 |
| 5 | 89 |
| 6 | 89 |
| 7 | 90 |
| 8 | 90 |
| 9 | 90 |
| 10 | 91 |
| 11 | 91 |
| 12 | 91 |
| 13 | 92 |
| 14 | 92 |
| 15 | 92 |
| 16 | 92 |
| 17 | 93 |
| 18 | 93 |
| 19 | 93 |
| 20 | 93 |
| 21 | 93 |
| 22 | 93 |
| 23 | 93 |
| 24 | 93 |
| 25 | 93 |
| 26 | 93 |
| 27 | 93 |
| 28 | 93 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels miserable — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the miserable band about 61% of days. Sticky, muggy-or-worse air turns up on roughly 100% of them.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oppressive (%) | 41 | 41 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 40 | 40 | 39 | 39 | 38 | 38 | 37 | 36 | 35 | 35 | 34 | 33 |
| Miserable (%) | 59 | 59 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 59 | 59 | 59 | 59 | 59 | 60 | 60 | 61 | 61 | 62 | 62 | 63 | 64 | 65 | 65 | 66 | 67 |
| Oppressive (%) | Miserable (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 41 | 59 |
| 2 | 41 | 59 |
| 3 | 40 | 60 |
| 4 | 40 | 60 |
| 5 | 40 | 60 |
| 6 | 40 | 60 |
| 7 | 40 | 60 |
| 8 | 40 | 60 |
| 9 | 40 | 60 |
| 10 | 40 | 60 |
| 11 | 40 | 60 |
| 12 | 41 | 59 |
| 13 | 41 | 59 |
| 14 | 41 | 59 |
| 15 | 41 | 59 |
| 16 | 41 | 59 |
| 17 | 40 | 60 |
| 18 | 40 | 60 |
| 19 | 39 | 61 |
| 20 | 39 | 61 |
| 21 | 38 | 62 |
| 22 | 38 | 62 |
| 23 | 37 | 63 |
| 24 | 36 | 64 |
| 25 | 35 | 65 |
| 26 | 35 | 65 |
| 27 | 34 | 66 |
| 28 | 33 | 67 |
Wind in February
Winds average 6 km/h in February.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 6 km/h on the calmest days to 6 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6 | calm |
| 2 | 6 | calm |
| 3 | 6 | calm |
| 4 | 6 | calm |
| 5 | 6 | calm |
| 6 | 6 | calm |
| 7 | 6 | calm |
| 8 | 6 | calm |
| 9 | 6 | calm |
| 10 | 6 | calm |
| 11 | 6 | calm |
| 12 | 6 | calm |
| 13 | 6 | calm |
| 14 | 6 | calm |
| 15 | 6 | calm |
| 16 | 6 | calm |
| 17 | 6 | calm |
| 18 | 6 | calm |
| 19 | 6 | calm |
| 20 | 6 | calm |
| 21 | 6 | calm |
| 22 | 6 | calm |
| 23 | 6 | calm |
| 24 | 6 | calm |
| 25 | 6 | calm |
| 26 | 6 | calm |
| 27 | 6 | calm |
| 28 | 6 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 12 h 12 min at the start of February to 12 h 06 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 6 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 6:10 AM to 6:12 AM, and sunset from 6:20 PM to 6:17 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:10 | 6:10 | 6:11 | 6:11 | 6:11 | 6:11 | 6:11 | 6:12 | 6:12 | 6:12 | 6:12 | 6:12 | 6:12 | 6:12 | 6:12 | 6:13 | 6:13 | 6:13 | 6:13 | 6:13 | 6:13 | 6:13 | 6:13 | 6:13 | 6:13 | 6:13 | 6:13 | 6:12 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:20 | 6:20 | 6:20 | 6:20 | 6:20 | 6:20 | 6:20 | 6:20 | 6:20 | 6:20 | 6:20 | 6:20 | 6:20 | 6:20 | 6:19 | 6:19 | 6:19 | 6:19 | 6:19 | 6:19 | 6:19 | 6:18 | 6:18 | 6:18 | 6:18 | 6:18 | 6:17 | 6:17 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12.2 | 6:10 | 6:20 |
| 2 | 12.2 | 6:10 | 6:20 |
| 3 | 12.2 | 6:11 | 6:20 |
| 4 | 12.1 | 6:11 | 6:20 |
| 5 | 12.1 | 6:11 | 6:20 |
| 6 | 12.1 | 6:11 | 6:20 |
| 7 | 12.1 | 6:11 | 6:20 |
| 8 | 12.1 | 6:12 | 6:20 |
| 9 | 12.1 | 6:12 | 6:20 |
| 10 | 12.1 | 6:12 | 6:20 |
| 11 | 12.1 | 6:12 | 6:20 |
| 12 | 12.1 | 6:12 | 6:20 |
| 13 | 12.1 | 6:12 | 6:20 |
| 14 | 12.1 | 6:12 | 6:20 |
| 15 | 12.1 | 6:12 | 6:19 |
| 16 | 12.1 | 6:13 | 6:19 |
| 17 | 12.1 | 6:13 | 6:19 |
| 18 | 12.1 | 6:13 | 6:19 |
| 19 | 12.1 | 6:13 | 6:19 |
| 20 | 12.1 | 6:13 | 6:19 |
| 21 | 12.1 | 6:13 | 6:19 |
| 22 | 12.1 | 6:13 | 6:18 |
| 23 | 12.1 | 6:13 | 6:18 |
| 24 | 12.1 | 6:13 | 6:18 |
| 25 | 12.1 | 6:13 | 6:18 |
| 26 | 12.1 | 6:13 | 6:18 |
| 27 | 12.1 | 6:13 | 6:17 |
| 28 | 12.1 | 6:12 | 6:17 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 4.58 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 4.23 kWh/m² to a high of 6.17 kWh/m² in October across the year — February's 4.58 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 2 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 3 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 4 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 5 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 6 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 7 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 8 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 9 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 10 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 11 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 12 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 13 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 14 | 4.5 | Bright |
| 15 | 4.5 | Bright |
| 16 | 4.5 | Bright |
| 17 | 4.5 | Bright |
| 18 | 4.5 | Bright |
| 19 | 4.5 | Bright |
| 20 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 21 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 22 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 23 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 24 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 25 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 26 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 27 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 28 | 4.6 | Bright |
Hazard calendar for Pindaré-Mirim
In February, Pindaré-Mirim sits inside its monsoon season. The full year is below, with each hazard's peak months called out.
Pindaré-Mirim's monsoon runs January–May, when most of the year's rain falls.
Is February a good time to visit Pindaré-Mirim?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Pindaré-Mirim.
What to pack for Pindaré-Mirim in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, Pindaré-Mirim sees daytime highs around 31°C and nights near 24°C. Pack light clothes and rain gear. Worth having: sun protection. About 26 days see rain.
UV index in Pindaré-Mirim in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 14 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Pindaré-Mirim peaks around March 17 at about 15 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near July 17 at about 10 (extreme).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 13 | 14 | 16 | 14 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 11 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 13 | Extreme |
| Feb | 14 | Extreme |
| Mar | 16 | Extreme |
| Apr | 14 | Extreme |
| May | 11 | Extreme |
| Jun | 10 | Extreme |
| Jul | 10 | Very high |
| Aug | 10 | Extreme |
| Sep | 12 | Extreme |
| Oct | 12 | Extreme |
| Nov | 11 | Extreme |
| Dec | 11 | Extreme |
Air quality in Pindaré-Mirim in February
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where February falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Pindaré-Mirim is worst in November — around 22 µg/m³ PM2.5 (moderate), about 2.6× the cleanest month (July, 8 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 15 | 16 | 15 | 14 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 9 | 11 | 17 | 22 | 17 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Good | Good | Good | Good | Good | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 15 | Moderate |
| Feb | 16 | Moderate |
| Mar | 15 | Moderate |
| Apr | 14 | Moderate |
| May | 10 | Good |
| Jun | 9 | Good |
| Jul | 8 | Good |
| Aug | 9 | Good |
| Sep | 11 | Good |
| Oct | 17 | Moderate |
| Nov | 22 | Moderate |
| Dec | 17 | Moderate |
Where is Pindaré-Mirim?
Pindaré-Mirim sits at 3.6°S, 45.3°W, 24 m above sea level, in Brazil. The nearest listed city is Santa Inês, 8.0 km away.
Topography around Pindaré-Mirim
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Pindaré-Mirim.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Pindaré-Mirim has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 30 m around an average of 13 m above sea level; within 16 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 52 m; within 80 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 223 m.
The land around Pindaré-Mirim is covered by grassland (65%) within 3 km, grassland (50%) and trees (33%) within 16 km, and grassland (59%) and trees (34%) within 80 km.
Brazil travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / N
- 127 / 220 V · 60 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 46% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $10,713
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.6 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 89%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 19.3
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 16
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- Low
- EF EPI 482
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Pindaré-Mirim (-3.6083°, -45.3433°, elevation 24 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).