Planaltina weather in July

In July, Planaltina sees average daytime highs of 27°C and overnight lows near 15°C, with 0 mm of rain across 0.1 wet days and about 11.2 hours of daylight. It is the 11th-warmest and 12th-wettest month of the year here.

Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 27°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 65% of the time in July, and the air most often feels dry.

Daylight stretches from about 11 h 06 min at the start of July to 11 h 18 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, July is Planaltina's 2nd-clearest and 2nd-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Planaltina's year-round climate.

Daytime high: 27°; 11th warmest
Overnight low: 15°; 1st coldest
Rainfall: 0 mm; 0.1 wet days
Daylight: 11 h 12 min; 7:41 AM – 6:51 PM
Cloud cover: 30%; 2nd clearest
Wind: 9 km/h; 2nd windiest
Solar energy: 4.96 kWh/m²
Travel score: 8.6; out of 10

← June Planaltina year-round climate August →Best places to visit in July

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Temperature in July

Average highAverage lowShaded bands: 10–90% of days

Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 27°C through the month.

A typical July day in Planaltina reaches about 27°C in the afternoon and slips back to 15°C overnight — a 12°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 24°C and 29°C. Set against its neighbours, July runs on par with June and about 2°C cooler than August.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Avg high (°C)	26	26	26	26	26	26	26	26	26	26	26	27	27	27	27	27	27	27	27	27	27	27	27	27	27	27	27	27	27	27	27
Avg low (°C)	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	26	15
2	26	15
3	26	15
4	26	15
5	26	15
6	26	15
7	26	15
8	26	15
9	26	15
10	26	15
11	26	15
12	27	15
13	27	15
14	27	15
15	27	15
16	27	15
17	27	15
18	27	15
19	27	15
20	27	15
21	27	15
22	27	15
23	27	15
24	27	15
25	27	15
26	27	15
27	27	15
28	27	15
29	27	15
30	27	15
31	27	15

Planaltina weather by month

How July compares with the rest of the year at a glance. July is the 11th-warmest and 12th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.

Month	High / Low (°C)	Rainfall (mm)	Wet days	Daylight (hours)	Travel score
Jan	27° / 19°	211	20.5	12.8	4.7
Feb	28° / 19°	175	18.4	12.5	4.8
Mar	28° / 19°	185	20.3	12.1	4.8
Apr	28° / 18°	77	12	11.7	6.1
May	27° / 17°	17	3.8	11.3	7.5
Jun	26° / 15°	4	0.6	11.1	8.4
Jul	27° / 15°	0	0.1	11.2	8.6
Aug	28° / 16°	5	1.2	11.5	7.7
Sep	30° / 18°	29	4.8	11.9	5.7
Oct	30° / 19°	111	13.6	12.4	4.6
Nov	28° / 19°	236	22.5	12.7	4.3
Dec	27° / 19°	246	22.5	12.9	4.4

Cloud cover in July

ClearMostly clearPartly cloudyMostly cloudyOvercast

The sky is clear or mostly clear about 65% of the time in July.

Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 19% of July, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 16%.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Clearer (%)	82	82	83	83	83	84	84	84	84	84	84	84	84	84	84	84	84	84	84	83	83	83	83	84	84	84	84	84	84	85	85
Cloudier (%)	18	18	17	17	17	16	16	16	16	16	16	16	16	16	16	16	16	16	16	17	17	17	17	16	16	16	16	16	16	15	15

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	82	18
2	82	18
3	83	17
4	83	17
5	83	17
6	84	16
7	84	16
8	84	16
9	84	16
10	84	16
11	84	16
12	84	16
13	84	16
14	84	16
15	84	16
16	84	16
17	84	16
18	84	16
19	84	16
20	83	17
21	83	17
22	83	17
23	83	17
24	84	16
25	84	16
26	84	16
27	84	16
28	84	16
29	84	16
30	85	15
31	85	15

Chance of precipitation in July

Any precipitation

Planaltina gets around 0 mm of rain over 0.1 wet days in July, the driest month. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.

Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 0% and peaks near 1% on the wettest days.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Rain chance (%)	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

	Rain chance (%)
1	1
2	1
3	0
4	0
5	0
6	0
7	0
8	0
9	0
10	0
11	0
12	0
13	0
14	0
15	0
16	0
17	0
18	0
19	0
20	0
21	0
22	0
23	0
24	0
25	0
26	0
27	0
28	0
29	0
30	0
31	0

Humidity in July

DryComfortableHumidMuggyOppressiveMiserable

Most of July feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.

By dew point, July lands in the dry band about 88% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Dry (%)	82	84	84	85	85	85	85	86	86	86	87	87	87	88	88	88	88	88	88	89	89	89	90	90	90	91	91	91	92	92	93
Comfortable (%)	17	16	16	15	15	15	15	14	14	14	13	13	13	12	12	12	12	12	12	11	11	11	10	10	10	9	9	9	8	8	7
Humid (%)	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

	Dry (%)	Comfortable (%)	Humid (%)
1	82	17	1
2	84	16	0
3	84	16	0
4	85	15	0
5	85	15	0
6	85	15	0
7	85	15	0
8	86	14	0
9	86	14	0
10	86	14	0
11	87	13	0
12	87	13	0
13	87	13	0
14	88	12	0
15	88	12	0
16	88	12	0
17	88	12	0
18	88	12	0
19	88	12	0
20	89	11	0
21	89	11	0
22	89	11	0
23	90	10	0
24	90	10	0
25	90	10	0
26	91	9	0
27	91	9	0
28	91	9	0
29	92	8	0
30	92	8	0
31	93	7	0

Wind in July

Winds average 9 km/h in July.

Across July, daily wind ranges from about 9 km/h on the calmest days to 9 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Wind speed (km/h)	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9
Feels	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm

	Wind speed (km/h)	Feels
1	9	calm
2	9	calm
3	9	calm
4	9	calm
5	9	calm
6	9	calm
7	9	calm
8	9	calm
9	9	calm
10	9	calm
11	9	calm
12	9	calm
13	9	calm
14	9	calm
15	9	calm
16	9	calm
17	9	calm
18	9	calm
19	9	calm
20	9	calm
21	9	calm
22	9	calm
23	9	calm
24	9	calm
25	9	calm
26	9	calm
27	9	calm
28	9	calm
29	9	calm
30	9	calm
31	9	calm

Sunrise & sunset in July

DaylightNight

Daylight runs from about 11 h 06 min at the start of July to 11 h 18 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.

Days grow by about 12 minutes over July. Sunrise moves from 7:41 AM to 7:38 AM, and sunset from 6:47 PM to 6:55 PM.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Daylight (h)	11.1	11.1	11.1	11.1	11.1	11.1	11.1	11.1	11.1	11.1	11.1	11.1	11.1	11.2	11.2	11.2	11.2	11.2	11.2	11.2	11.2	11.2	11.2	11.2	11.2	11.2	11.3	11.3	11.3	11.3	11.3
Sunrise (AM)	7:41	7:41	7:41	7:41	7:41	7:41	7:41	7:41	7:41	7:41	7:41	7:41	7:41	7:41	7:41	7:41	7:41	7:41	7:41	7:41	7:40	7:40	7:40	7:40	7:40	7:39	7:39	7:39	7:38	7:38	7:38
Sunset (PM)	6:47	6:47	6:47	6:47	6:48	6:48	6:48	6:49	6:49	6:49	6:49	6:50	6:50	6:50	6:51	6:51	6:51	6:52	6:52	6:52	6:53	6:53	6:53	6:53	6:54	6:54	6:54	6:55	6:55	6:55	6:55

	Daylight (h)	Sunrise (AM)	Sunset (PM)
1	11.1	7:41	6:47
2	11.1	7:41	6:47
3	11.1	7:41	6:47
4	11.1	7:41	6:47
5	11.1	7:41	6:48
6	11.1	7:41	6:48
7	11.1	7:41	6:48
8	11.1	7:41	6:49
9	11.1	7:41	6:49
10	11.1	7:41	6:49
11	11.1	7:41	6:49
12	11.1	7:41	6:50
13	11.1	7:41	6:50
14	11.2	7:41	6:50
15	11.2	7:41	6:51
16	11.2	7:41	6:51
17	11.2	7:41	6:51
18	11.2	7:41	6:52
19	11.2	7:41	6:52
20	11.2	7:41	6:52
21	11.2	7:40	6:53
22	11.2	7:40	6:53
23	11.2	7:40	6:53
24	11.2	7:40	6:53
25	11.2	7:40	6:54
26	11.2	7:39	6:54
27	11.3	7:39	6:54
28	11.3	7:39	6:55
29	11.3	7:38	6:55
30	11.3	7:38	6:55
31	11.3	7:38	6:55

Solar energy in July

Daily solar energy (kWh/m²)

Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in July, about 4.96 kWh/m².

For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 4.67 kWh/m² to a high of 6.23 kWh/m² in September across the year — July's 4.96 kWh/m² sits near the bottom.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Solar energy (kWh/m²)	4.8	4.8	4.8	4.8	4.8	4.8	4.8	4.8	4.8	4.8	4.9	4.9	4.9	4.9	4.9	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.1	5.1	5.1	5.1	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.3	5.3
Level	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright

	Solar energy (kWh/m²)	Level
1	4.8	Bright
2	4.8	Bright
3	4.8	Bright
4	4.8	Bright
5	4.8	Bright
6	4.8	Bright
7	4.8	Bright
8	4.8	Bright
9	4.8	Bright
10	4.8	Bright
11	4.9	Bright
12	4.9	Bright
13	4.9	Bright
14	4.9	Bright
15	4.9	Bright
16	5.0	Bright
17	5.0	Bright
18	5.0	Bright
19	5.0	Bright
20	5.0	Bright
21	5.0	Bright
22	5.1	Bright
23	5.1	Bright
24	5.1	Bright
25	5.1	Bright
26	5.2	Bright
27	5.2	Bright
28	5.2	Bright
29	5.2	Bright
30	5.3	Bright
31	5.3	Bright

Planning a trip in July

Hazard calendar for Planaltina

In seasonPeak

None of Planaltina's seasonal hazards are active in July. The full-year calendar below shows when the rainy season, cyclone risk and dust haze do peak.

Planaltina's monsoon runs November–March, when most of the year's rain falls.

Monsoon

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Is July a good time to visit Planaltina?

Our two travel scores rate July for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).

8.6

Sightseeing

1st-best month of the year

8.5

Beach & pool

2nd-best month of the year

July is one of the better times to visit Planaltina for general sightseeing. The water and warmth also suit a beach or pool day.

What to pack for Planaltina in July

From July's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.

In July, Planaltina sees daytime highs around 27°C and nights near 15°C. Worth packing: light clothes and sun protection.

light clothessun protection

UV index in Planaltina in July

LowModerateHighVery highExtreme

Clear-sky midday UV in July peaks around 8 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.

Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Planaltina peaks around February 16 at about 16 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near June 23 at about 8 (very high).

The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
UV index (midday)	15	16	15	12	10	8	8	10	13	13	14	13
Level	Extreme	Extreme	Extreme	Extreme	Very high	Very high	Very high	Very high	Extreme	Extreme	Extreme	Extreme

	UV index (midday)	Level
Jan	15	Extreme
Feb	16	Extreme
Mar	15	Extreme
Apr	12	Extreme
May	10	Very high
Jun	8	Very high
Jul	8	Very high
Aug	10	Very high
Sep	13	Extreme
Oct	13	Extreme
Nov	14	Extreme
Dec	13	Extreme

Air quality in Planaltina in July

GoodModeratePoorUnhealthyVery unhealthy

Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where July falls, not just the annual average.

Air quality in Planaltina is worst in September — around 24 µg/m³ PM2.5 (moderate), about 3.5× the cleanest month (July, 7 µg/m³).

Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
PM2.5 (µg/m³)	8	9	10	10	9	8	7	10	24	17	9	9
Level	Good	Good	Good	Good	Good	Good	Good	Good	Moderate	Moderate	Good	Good

	PM2.5 (µg/m³)	Level
Jan	8	Good
Feb	9	Good
Mar	10	Good
Apr	10	Good
May	9	Good
Jun	8	Good
Jul	7	Good
Aug	10	Good
Sep	24	Moderate
Oct	17	Moderate
Nov	9	Good
Dec	9	Good

Location & terrain

Where is Planaltina?

Planaltina sits at 15.5°S, 47.6°W, 1,038 m above sea level, in Brazil. The nearest listed city is Planaltina, 19 km away.

Topography around Planaltina

How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Planaltina.

Within 3 km, the terrain around Planaltina has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 209 m around an average of 1,024 m above sea level; within 16 km, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 455 m; within 80 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 912 m.

The land around Planaltina is covered by artificial surfaces (41%) and grassland (33%) within 3 km, cropland (28%), grassland (27%) and shrubs (22%) within 16 km, and grassland (33%) and trees (26%) within 80 km.

3 km

209 m

artificial surfaces 41%

16 km

455 m

cropland 28%

80 km

912 m

grassland 33%

treesshrubsgrasslandcroplandartificial surfacesbare terrainwater

← June Planaltina year-round climate August →Best places to visit in July

July weather nearby: Planaltina 19 km · Sobradinho 29 km · Sobradinho II 31 km · Formosa 31 km · Itapoã 37 km · Paranoá 40 km · Lago Norte 41 km · Plano Piloto 48 km

Brazil travel facts

Travel advisory: Level 2; Exercise Increased Caution
Power plugs: Type C / N; 127 / 220 V · 60 Hz
Prices: ≈ 46% of US; price level, 2025
GDP per capita: $10,713; 2025
Happiness: 6.6 / 10; World Happiness, 2025
Safe drinking water: 89%; of population, 2024
Homicide rate: 19.3; per 100k, 2023
Road deaths: 16; per 100k/yr, 2019
Income group: Upper middle; World Bank
English: Low; EF EPI 482
Religion

Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.

Data sources

Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Planaltina (-15.4528°, -47.6142°, elevation 1,038 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	26	15
2	26	15
3	26	15
4	26	15
5	26	15
6	26	15
7	26	15
8	26	15
9	26	15
10	26	15
11	26	15
12	27	15
13	27	15
14	27	15
15	27	15
16	27	15
17	27	15
18	27	15
19	27	15
20	27	15
21	27	15
22	27	15
23	27	15
24	27	15
25	27	15
26	27	15
27	27	15
28	27	15
29	27	15
30	27	15
31	27	15

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	82	18
2	82	18
3	83	17
4	83	17
5	83	17
6	84	16
7	84	16
8	84	16
9	84	16
10	84	16
11	84	16
12	84	16
13	84	16
14	84	16
15	84	16
16	84	16
17	84	16
18	84	16
19	84	16
20	83	17
21	83	17
22	83	17
23	83	17
24	84	16
25	84	16
26	84	16
27	84	16
28	84	16
29	84	16
30	85	15
31	85	15

	Rain chance (%)
1	1
2	1
3	0
4	0
5	0
6	0
7	0
8	0
9	0
10	0
11	0
12	0
13	0
14	0
15	0
16	0
17	0
18	0
19	0
20	0
21	0
22	0
23	0
24	0
25	0
26	0
27	0
28	0
29	0
30	0
31	0

	Dry (%)	Comfortable (%)	Humid (%)
1	82	17	1
2	84	16	0
3	84	16	0
4	85	15	0
5	85	15	0
6	85	15	0
7	85	15	0
8	86	14	0
9	86	14	0
10	86	14	0
11	87	13	0
12	87	13	0
13	87	13	0
14	88	12	0
15	88	12	0
16	88	12	0
17	88	12	0
18	88	12	0
19	88	12	0
20	89	11	0
21	89	11	0
22	89	11	0
23	90	10	0
24	90	10	0
25	90	10	0
26	91	9	0
27	91	9	0
28	91	9	0
29	92	8	0
30	92	8	0
31	93	7	0

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	26	15
2	26	15
3	26	15
4	26	15
5	26	15
6	26	15
7	26	15
8	26	15
9	26	15
10	26	15
11	26	15
12	27	15
13	27	15
14	27	15
15	27	15
16	27	15
17	27	15
18	27	15
19	27	15
20	27	15
21	27	15
22	27	15
23	27	15
24	27	15
25	27	15
26	27	15
27	27	15
28	27	15
29	27	15
30	27	15
31	27	15

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	82	18
2	82	18
3	83	17
4	83	17
5	83	17
6	84	16
7	84	16
8	84	16
9	84	16
10	84	16
11	84	16
12	84	16
13	84	16
14	84	16
15	84	16
16	84	16
17	84	16
18	84	16
19	84	16
20	83	17
21	83	17
22	83	17
23	83	17
24	84	16
25	84	16
26	84	16
27	84	16
28	84	16
29	84	16
30	85	15
31	85	15

	Rain chance (%)
1	1
2	1
3	0
4	0
5	0
6	0
7	0
8	0
9	0
10	0
11	0
12	0
13	0
14	0
15	0
16	0
17	0
18	0
19	0
20	0
21	0
22	0
23	0
24	0
25	0
26	0
27	0
28	0
29	0
30	0
31	0

	Dry (%)	Comfortable (%)	Humid (%)
1	82	17	1
2	84	16	0
3	84	16	0
4	85	15	0
5	85	15	0
6	85	15	0
7	85	15	0
8	86	14	0
9	86	14	0
10	86	14	0
11	87	13	0
12	87	13	0
13	87	13	0
14	88	12	0
15	88	12	0
16	88	12	0
17	88	12	0
18	88	12	0
19	88	12	0
20	89	11	0
21	89	11	0
22	89	11	0
23	90	10	0
24	90	10	0
25	90	10	0
26	91	9	0
27	91	9	0
28	91	9	0
29	92	8	0
30	92	8	0
31	93	7	0

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	26	15
2	26	15
3	26	15
4	26	15
5	26	15
6	26	15
7	26	15
8	26	15
9	26	15
10	26	15
11	26	15
12	27	15
13	27	15
14	27	15
15	27	15
16	27	15
17	27	15
18	27	15
19	27	15
20	27	15
21	27	15
22	27	15
23	27	15
24	27	15
25	27	15
26	27	15
27	27	15
28	27	15
29	27	15
30	27	15
31	27	15

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	82	18
2	82	18
3	83	17
4	83	17
5	83	17
6	84	16
7	84	16
8	84	16
9	84	16
10	84	16
11	84	16
12	84	16
13	84	16
14	84	16
15	84	16
16	84	16
17	84	16
18	84	16
19	84	16
20	83	17
21	83	17
22	83	17
23	83	17
24	84	16
25	84	16
26	84	16
27	84	16
28	84	16
29	84	16
30	85	15
31	85	15

	Rain chance (%)
1	1
2	1
3	0
4	0
5	0
6	0
7	0
8	0
9	0
10	0
11	0
12	0
13	0
14	0
15	0
16	0
17	0
18	0
19	0
20	0
21	0
22	0
23	0
24	0
25	0
26	0
27	0
28	0
29	0
30	0
31	0

	Dry (%)	Comfortable (%)	Humid (%)
1	82	17	1
2	84	16	0
3	84	16	0
4	85	15	0
5	85	15	0
6	85	15	0
7	85	15	0
8	86	14	0
9	86	14	0
10	86	14	0
11	87	13	0
12	87	13	0
13	87	13	0
14	88	12	0
15	88	12	0
16	88	12	0
17	88	12	0
18	88	12	0
19	88	12	0
20	89	11	0
21	89	11	0
22	89	11	0
23	90	10	0
24	90	10	0
25	90	10	0
26	91	9	0
27	91	9	0
28	91	9	0
29	92	8	0
30	92	8	0
31	93	7	0