Turmalina weather in February
In February, Turmalina sees average daytime highs of 30°C and overnight lows near 20°C, with 89 mm of rain across 8.8 wet days and about 12.6 hours of daylight. It is the 1st-warmest and 5th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 30°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 21% of the time in February, and the air most often feels muggy.
Daylight stretches from about 12 h 48 min at the start of February to 12 h 24 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Turmalina's 8th-clearest and 6th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Turmalina's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 30°
- 1st warmest
- Overnight low
- 20°
- 12th coldest
- Rainfall
- 89 mm
- 8.8 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 h 36 min
- 6:48 AM – 7:23 PM
- Cloud cover
- 65%
- 8th clearest
- Wind
- 8 km/h
- 6th windiest
- Solar energy
- 6.23 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 4.7
- out of 10
Turmalina is human settlement in Brazil.
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in February
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 30°C through the month.
A typical February day in Turmalina reaches about 30°C in the afternoon and slips back to 20°C overnight — a 10°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 27°C and 33°C. Set against its neighbours, February runs on par with January and on par with March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 |
| Avg low (°C) | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 30 | 20 |
| 2 | 30 | 20 |
| 3 | 30 | 20 |
| 4 | 30 | 20 |
| 5 | 30 | 20 |
| 6 | 30 | 20 |
| 7 | 30 | 20 |
| 8 | 30 | 20 |
| 9 | 30 | 20 |
| 10 | 30 | 20 |
| 11 | 30 | 20 |
| 12 | 30 | 20 |
| 13 | 31 | 20 |
| 14 | 31 | 20 |
| 15 | 31 | 20 |
| 16 | 31 | 20 |
| 17 | 31 | 20 |
| 18 | 31 | 20 |
| 19 | 31 | 20 |
| 20 | 31 | 20 |
| 21 | 31 | 20 |
| 22 | 31 | 20 |
| 23 | 31 | 20 |
| 24 | 30 | 20 |
| 25 | 30 | 20 |
| 26 | 30 | 20 |
| 27 | 30 | 20 |
| 28 | 30 | 20 |
Turmalina weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 1st-warmest and 5th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 30° / 20° | 118 | 12.3 | 12.9 | 4.6 |
| Feb | 30° / 20° | 89 | 8.8 | 12.6 | 4.7 |
| Mar | 30° / 20° | 102 | 12.2 | 12.1 | 4.8 |
| Apr | 29° / 19° | 43 | 7.8 | 11.6 | 5.8 |
| May | 27° / 17° | 19 | 3.9 | 11.2 | 7.2 |
| Jun | 26° / 15° | 7 | 1.7 | 11 | 7.9 |
| Jul | 26° / 15° | 5 | 1.5 | 11.1 | 8.0 |
| Aug | 28° / 15° | 4 | 1.4 | 11.4 | 7.7 |
| Sep | 30° / 17° | 15 | 3.3 | 11.9 | 6.1 |
| Oct | 30° / 19° | 72 | 7.5 | 12.4 | 5.0 |
| Nov | 29° / 20° | 152 | 14.9 | 12.8 | 4.6 |
| Dec | 29° / 20° | 174 | 16.4 | 13 | 4.4 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 21% of the time in February.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 20% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 59%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 41 | 41 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 41 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 39 | 39 |
| Cloudier (%) | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 59 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 59 | 59 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 59 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 59 | 59 | 59 | 61 | 61 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 40 | 60 |
| 2 | 40 | 60 |
| 3 | 40 | 60 |
| 4 | 40 | 60 |
| 5 | 40 | 60 |
| 6 | 40 | 60 |
| 7 | 41 | 59 |
| 8 | 42 | 58 |
| 9 | 42 | 58 |
| 10 | 42 | 58 |
| 11 | 41 | 59 |
| 12 | 41 | 59 |
| 13 | 42 | 58 |
| 14 | 42 | 58 |
| 15 | 42 | 58 |
| 16 | 42 | 58 |
| 17 | 41 | 59 |
| 18 | 42 | 58 |
| 19 | 42 | 58 |
| 20 | 42 | 58 |
| 21 | 42 | 58 |
| 22 | 42 | 58 |
| 23 | 42 | 58 |
| 24 | 41 | 59 |
| 25 | 41 | 59 |
| 26 | 41 | 59 |
| 27 | 39 | 61 |
| 28 | 39 | 61 |
Chance of precipitation in February
Turmalina gets around 89 mm of rain over 8.8 wet days in February. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 32% and peaks near 38% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 34 | 33 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 29 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 34 |
| 2 | 33 |
| 3 | 32 |
| 4 | 32 |
| 5 | 32 |
| 6 | 31 |
| 7 | 31 |
| 8 | 31 |
| 9 | 31 |
| 10 | 30 |
| 11 | 30 |
| 12 | 30 |
| 13 | 30 |
| 14 | 30 |
| 15 | 30 |
| 16 | 29 |
| 17 | 30 |
| 18 | 30 |
| 19 | 30 |
| 20 | 31 |
| 21 | 32 |
| 22 | 33 |
| 23 | 34 |
| 24 | 34 |
| 25 | 35 |
| 26 | 36 |
| 27 | 37 |
| 28 | 38 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels muggy — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the muggy band about 48% of days. Sticky, muggy-or-worse air turns up on roughly 52% of them.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Comfortable (%) | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 |
| Humid (%) | 37 | 38 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 49 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 49 | 48 | 47 | 46 | 44 | 42 | 41 | 39 | 38 | 37 | 36 |
| Muggy (%) | 51 | 50 | 51 | 49 | 49 | 48 | 47 | 46 | 45 | 45 | 44 | 44 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 44 | 44 | 45 | 47 | 48 | 50 | 52 | 53 | 55 | 56 | 57 | 57 |
| Oppressive (%) | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Comfortable (%) | Humid (%) | Muggy (%) | Oppressive (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6 | 37 | 51 | 6 |
| 2 | 6 | 38 | 50 | 6 |
| 3 | 6 | 38 | 51 | 5 |
| 4 | 6 | 39 | 49 | 5 |
| 5 | 6 | 40 | 49 | 5 |
| 6 | 6 | 42 | 48 | 5 |
| 7 | 5 | 43 | 47 | 5 |
| 8 | 5 | 44 | 46 | 5 |
| 9 | 5 | 45 | 45 | 5 |
| 10 | 5 | 46 | 45 | 4 |
| 11 | 4 | 47 | 44 | 4 |
| 12 | 4 | 48 | 44 | 4 |
| 13 | 4 | 49 | 43 | 4 |
| 14 | 4 | 49 | 43 | 4 |
| 15 | 3 | 50 | 43 | 4 |
| 16 | 3 | 50 | 43 | 4 |
| 17 | 3 | 50 | 44 | 4 |
| 18 | 3 | 49 | 44 | 4 |
| 19 | 3 | 48 | 45 | 4 |
| 20 | 2 | 47 | 47 | 4 |
| 21 | 2 | 46 | 48 | 4 |
| 22 | 2 | 44 | 50 | 4 |
| 23 | 2 | 42 | 52 | 4 |
| 24 | 2 | 41 | 53 | 4 |
| 25 | 2 | 39 | 55 | 4 |
| 26 | 2 | 38 | 56 | 4 |
| 27 | 2 | 37 | 57 | 4 |
| 28 | 3 | 36 | 57 | 4 |
Wind in February
Winds average 8 km/h in February.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 7 km/h on the calmest days to 8 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 8 | calm |
| 2 | 8 | calm |
| 3 | 8 | calm |
| 4 | 8 | calm |
| 5 | 8 | calm |
| 6 | 8 | calm |
| 7 | 8 | calm |
| 8 | 8 | calm |
| 9 | 8 | calm |
| 10 | 8 | calm |
| 11 | 8 | calm |
| 12 | 8 | calm |
| 13 | 8 | calm |
| 14 | 8 | calm |
| 15 | 8 | calm |
| 16 | 8 | calm |
| 17 | 8 | calm |
| 18 | 8 | calm |
| 19 | 8 | calm |
| 20 | 7 | calm |
| 21 | 7 | calm |
| 22 | 7 | calm |
| 23 | 7 | calm |
| 24 | 7 | calm |
| 25 | 7 | calm |
| 26 | 7 | calm |
| 27 | 7 | calm |
| 28 | 7 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 12 h 48 min at the start of February to 12 h 24 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 24 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 6:41 AM to 6:53 AM, and sunset from 7:27 PM to 7:16 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:41 | 6:42 | 6:42 | 6:43 | 6:43 | 6:44 | 6:44 | 6:45 | 6:45 | 6:46 | 6:46 | 6:47 | 6:47 | 6:48 | 6:48 | 6:49 | 6:49 | 6:49 | 6:50 | 6:50 | 6:50 | 6:51 | 6:51 | 6:52 | 6:52 | 6:52 | 6:53 | 6:53 |
| Sunset (PM) | 7:27 | 7:27 | 7:27 | 7:27 | 7:26 | 7:26 | 7:26 | 7:26 | 7:25 | 7:25 | 7:25 | 7:24 | 7:24 | 7:23 | 7:23 | 7:22 | 7:22 | 7:21 | 7:21 | 7:20 | 7:20 | 7:19 | 7:19 | 7:18 | 7:18 | 7:17 | 7:16 | 7:16 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12.8 | 6:41 | 7:27 |
| 2 | 12.8 | 6:42 | 7:27 |
| 3 | 12.7 | 6:42 | 7:27 |
| 4 | 12.7 | 6:43 | 7:27 |
| 5 | 12.7 | 6:43 | 7:26 |
| 6 | 12.7 | 6:44 | 7:26 |
| 7 | 12.7 | 6:44 | 7:26 |
| 8 | 12.7 | 6:45 | 7:26 |
| 9 | 12.7 | 6:45 | 7:25 |
| 10 | 12.7 | 6:46 | 7:25 |
| 11 | 12.6 | 6:46 | 7:25 |
| 12 | 12.6 | 6:47 | 7:24 |
| 13 | 12.6 | 6:47 | 7:24 |
| 14 | 12.6 | 6:48 | 7:23 |
| 15 | 12.6 | 6:48 | 7:23 |
| 16 | 12.6 | 6:49 | 7:22 |
| 17 | 12.6 | 6:49 | 7:22 |
| 18 | 12.5 | 6:49 | 7:21 |
| 19 | 12.5 | 6:50 | 7:21 |
| 20 | 12.5 | 6:50 | 7:20 |
| 21 | 12.5 | 6:50 | 7:20 |
| 22 | 12.5 | 6:51 | 7:19 |
| 23 | 12.5 | 6:51 | 7:19 |
| 24 | 12.4 | 6:52 | 7:18 |
| 25 | 12.4 | 6:52 | 7:18 |
| 26 | 12.4 | 6:52 | 7:17 |
| 27 | 12.4 | 6:53 | 7:16 |
| 28 | 12.4 | 6:53 | 7:16 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 6.23 kWh/m² — the sunniest month for solar.
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 3.83 kWh/m² to a high of 6.23 kWh/m² in February across the year — February's 6.23 kWh/m² sits near the top of that range.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 5.9 | 5.9 |
| Level | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 2 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 3 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 4 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 5 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 6 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 7 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 8 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 9 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 10 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 11 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 12 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 13 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 14 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 15 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 16 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 17 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 18 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 19 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 20 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 21 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 22 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 23 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 24 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 25 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 26 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 27 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 28 | 5.9 | Bright |
Hazard calendar for Turmalina
In February, Turmalina sits inside its rainy season season. The full year is below, with each hazard's peak months called out.
Turmalina's rainy season runs November–March, when most of the year's rain falls.
Is February a good time to visit Turmalina?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is a reasonable time to visit Turmalina for sightseeing. The water and warmth also suit a beach or pool day.
What to pack for Turmalina in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, Turmalina sees daytime highs around 30°C and nights near 20°C. Pack light clothes and sun protection. Worth having: rain gear. About 9 days see rain.
UV index in Turmalina in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 15 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Turmalina peaks around February 15 at about 15 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near July 10 at about 8 (very high).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 14 | 15 | 14 | 12 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 14 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | Very high | Very high | Very high | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 14 | Extreme |
| Feb | 15 | Extreme |
| Mar | 14 | Extreme |
| Apr | 12 | Extreme |
| May | 9 | Very high |
| Jun | 8 | Very high |
| Jul | 8 | Very high |
| Aug | 10 | Very high |
| Sep | 12 | Extreme |
| Oct | 13 | Extreme |
| Nov | 14 | Extreme |
| Dec | 14 | Extreme |
Where is Turmalina?
Turmalina sits at 17.3°S, 42.7°W, 721 m above sea level, in Brazil. The nearest listed city is Minas Novas, 17 km away.
Topography around Turmalina
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Turmalina.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Turmalina has significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 304 m around an average of 709 m above sea level; within 16 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 608 m; within 80 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,322 m.
The land around Turmalina is covered by grassland (35%) and trees (34%) within 3 km, trees (62%) and shrubs (22%) within 16 km, and trees (63%) within 80 km.
Brazil travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / N
- 127 / 220 V · 60 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 46% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $10,713
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.6 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 89%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 19.3
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 16
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- Low
- EF EPI 482
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Turmalina (-17.2856°, -42.73°, elevation 721 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).