Blagoevgrad weather in September
In September, Blagoevgrad sees average daytime highs of 23°C and overnight lows near 11°C, with 36 mm of rain across 5.7 wet days and about 12.3 hours of daylight. It is the 4th-warmest and 10th-wettest month of the year here.
Highs ease over the month, from about 25°C in the first days to 21°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 56% of the time in September, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 13 hours at the start of September to 11 h 36 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, September is Blagoevgrad's 3rd-clearest and 10th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Blagoevgrad's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 23°
- 4th warmest
- Overnight low
- 11°
- 9th coldest
- Rainfall
- 36 mm
- 5.7 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 h 18 min
- 6:14 AM – 6:30 PM
- Cloud cover
- 39%
- 3rd clearest
- Wind
- 6 km/h
- 10th windiest
- Solar energy
- 4.51 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 7.8
- out of 10
Blagoevgrad is city in Blagoevgrad municipality, Blagoevgrad oblast, Bulgaria.
- Air quality
- Good
- PM10 30 µg/m³ · 2019
- Density
- 2,346/km²
- people per km²
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in September
Highs ease over the month, from about 25°C in the first days to 21°C by the end.
A typical September day in Blagoevgrad reaches about 23°C in the afternoon and slips back to 11°C overnight — a 12°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 17°C and 28°C. Set against its neighbours, September runs about 5°C cooler than August and about 6°C warmer than October.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 20 |
| Avg low (°C) | 13 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 25 | 13 |
| 2 | 25 | 13 |
| 3 | 25 | 13 |
| 4 | 25 | 12 |
| 5 | 25 | 12 |
| 6 | 24 | 12 |
| 7 | 24 | 12 |
| 8 | 24 | 12 |
| 9 | 24 | 12 |
| 10 | 24 | 12 |
| 11 | 24 | 12 |
| 12 | 23 | 11 |
| 13 | 23 | 11 |
| 14 | 23 | 11 |
| 15 | 23 | 11 |
| 16 | 23 | 11 |
| 17 | 23 | 11 |
| 18 | 23 | 11 |
| 19 | 22 | 11 |
| 20 | 22 | 10 |
| 21 | 22 | 10 |
| 22 | 22 | 10 |
| 23 | 22 | 10 |
| 24 | 21 | 10 |
| 25 | 21 | 10 |
| 26 | 21 | 10 |
| 27 | 21 | 10 |
| 28 | 21 | 9 |
| 29 | 21 | 9 |
| 30 | 20 | 9 |
How September really feels in Blagoevgrad
Once humidity and wind are folded in, September averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
September sits comfortably in between — no days that feel dangerously hot or drop to a hard freeze once humidity and wind are folded in.
Blagoevgrad weather by month
How September compares with the rest of the year at a glance. September is the 4th-warmest and 10th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 5° / -3° | 49 | 8 | 5.1 | 9.3 | 0.0 |
| Feb | 7° / -2° | 48 | 7.9 | 4.4 | 10.3 | 0.9 |
| Mar | 11° / 1° | 64 | 9.9 | 3.6 | 11.7 | 2.8 |
| Apr | 16° / 5° | 66 | 10.3 | 0.9 | 13.1 | 4.8 |
| May | 20° / 9° | 64 | 10.1 | 0.1 | 14.3 | 6.4 |
| Jun | 24° / 13° | 42 | 7.8 | 0 | 15 | 7.5 |
| Jul | 27° / 15° | 31 | 5.8 | 0 | 14.7 | 7.7 |
| Aug | 27° / 15° | 26 | 4.1 | 0 | 13.7 | 7.9 |
| Sep | 23° / 11° | 36 | 5.7 | 0 | 12.3 | 7.8 |
| Oct | 17° / 7° | 52 | 6.4 | 0.4 | 10.9 | 6.1 |
| Nov | 11° / 2° | 50 | 7.2 | 1.6 | 9.6 | 3.0 |
| Dec | 6° / -2° | 63 | 9.3 | 4.5 | 9 | 0.4 |
Cloud cover in September
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 56% of the time in September.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 16% of September, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 28%. Skies tend to cloud over as the month goes on.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 82 | 82 | 80 | 80 | 79 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 76 | 76 | 75 | 74 | 74 | 72 | 72 | 71 | 71 | 70 | 70 | 69 | 69 | 67 | 66 | 66 | 66 | 65 | 64 | 64 | 63 | 63 |
| Cloudier (%) | 18 | 18 | 20 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 26 | 28 | 28 | 29 | 29 | 30 | 30 | 31 | 31 | 33 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 36 | 37 | 37 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 82 | 18 |
| 2 | 82 | 18 |
| 3 | 80 | 20 |
| 4 | 80 | 20 |
| 5 | 79 | 21 |
| 6 | 78 | 22 |
| 7 | 78 | 22 |
| 8 | 78 | 22 |
| 9 | 76 | 24 |
| 10 | 76 | 24 |
| 11 | 75 | 25 |
| 12 | 74 | 26 |
| 13 | 74 | 26 |
| 14 | 72 | 28 |
| 15 | 72 | 28 |
| 16 | 71 | 29 |
| 17 | 71 | 29 |
| 18 | 70 | 30 |
| 19 | 70 | 30 |
| 20 | 69 | 31 |
| 21 | 69 | 31 |
| 22 | 67 | 33 |
| 23 | 66 | 34 |
| 24 | 66 | 34 |
| 25 | 66 | 34 |
| 26 | 65 | 35 |
| 27 | 64 | 36 |
| 28 | 64 | 36 |
| 29 | 63 | 37 |
| 30 | 63 | 37 |
Chance of precipitation in September
Blagoevgrad gets around 36 mm of rain over 5.7 wet days in September. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 19% and peaks near 21% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 16 | 16 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 21 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 16 |
| 2 | 16 |
| 3 | 17 |
| 4 | 17 |
| 5 | 18 |
| 6 | 18 |
| 7 | 18 |
| 8 | 18 |
| 9 | 19 |
| 10 | 19 |
| 11 | 19 |
| 12 | 19 |
| 13 | 19 |
| 14 | 18 |
| 15 | 18 |
| 16 | 18 |
| 17 | 18 |
| 18 | 19 |
| 19 | 19 |
| 20 | 19 |
| 21 | 19 |
| 22 | 19 |
| 23 | 19 |
| 24 | 19 |
| 25 | 19 |
| 26 | 20 |
| 27 | 20 |
| 28 | 20 |
| 29 | 20 |
| 30 | 21 |
Humidity in September
Most of September feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, September lands in the dry band about 90% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 81 | 82 | 83 | 84 | 85 | 85 | 86 | 87 | 88 | 88 | 89 | 89 | 89 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 93 | 93 | 94 | 94 | 95 | 95 | 96 |
| Comfortable (%) | 19 | 18 | 17 | 16 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 4 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 81 | 19 |
| 2 | 82 | 18 |
| 3 | 83 | 17 |
| 4 | 84 | 16 |
| 5 | 85 | 15 |
| 6 | 85 | 15 |
| 7 | 86 | 14 |
| 8 | 87 | 13 |
| 9 | 88 | 12 |
| 10 | 88 | 12 |
| 11 | 89 | 11 |
| 12 | 89 | 11 |
| 13 | 89 | 11 |
| 14 | 90 | 10 |
| 15 | 90 | 10 |
| 16 | 90 | 10 |
| 17 | 91 | 9 |
| 18 | 91 | 9 |
| 19 | 91 | 9 |
| 20 | 91 | 9 |
| 21 | 92 | 8 |
| 22 | 92 | 8 |
| 23 | 92 | 8 |
| 24 | 93 | 7 |
| 25 | 93 | 7 |
| 26 | 94 | 6 |
| 27 | 94 | 6 |
| 28 | 95 | 5 |
| 29 | 95 | 5 |
| 30 | 96 | 4 |
Wind in September
Winds average 6 km/h in September.
Across September, daily wind ranges from about 6 km/h on the calmest days to 6 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6 | calm |
| 2 | 6 | calm |
| 3 | 6 | calm |
| 4 | 6 | calm |
| 5 | 6 | calm |
| 6 | 6 | calm |
| 7 | 6 | calm |
| 8 | 6 | calm |
| 9 | 6 | calm |
| 10 | 6 | calm |
| 11 | 6 | calm |
| 12 | 6 | calm |
| 13 | 6 | calm |
| 14 | 6 | calm |
| 15 | 6 | calm |
| 16 | 6 | calm |
| 17 | 6 | calm |
| 18 | 6 | calm |
| 19 | 6 | calm |
| 20 | 6 | calm |
| 21 | 6 | calm |
| 22 | 6 | calm |
| 23 | 6 | calm |
| 24 | 6 | calm |
| 25 | 6 | calm |
| 26 | 6 | calm |
| 27 | 6 | calm |
| 28 | 6 | calm |
| 29 | 6 | calm |
| 30 | 6 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in September
Daylight runs from about 13 hours at the start of September to 11 h 36 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 84 minutes over September. Sunrise moves from 5:57 AM to 6:29 AM, and sunset from 6:57 PM to 6:05 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 13.0 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.6 | 11.6 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 5:57 | 5:59 | 6:00 | 6:01 | 6:02 | 6:03 | 6:04 | 6:05 | 6:06 | 6:07 | 6:08 | 6:09 | 6:10 | 6:11 | 6:13 | 6:14 | 6:15 | 6:16 | 6:17 | 6:18 | 6:19 | 6:20 | 6:21 | 6:22 | 6:23 | 6:24 | 6:26 | 6:27 | 6:28 | 6:29 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:57 | 6:55 | 6:54 | 6:52 | 6:50 | 6:48 | 6:47 | 6:45 | 6:43 | 6:41 | 6:39 | 6:38 | 6:36 | 6:34 | 6:32 | 6:30 | 6:28 | 6:27 | 6:25 | 6:23 | 6:21 | 6:19 | 6:18 | 6:16 | 6:14 | 6:12 | 6:10 | 6:09 | 6:07 | 6:05 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 13.0 | 5:57 | 6:57 |
| 2 | 12.9 | 5:59 | 6:55 |
| 3 | 12.9 | 6:00 | 6:54 |
| 4 | 12.9 | 6:01 | 6:52 |
| 5 | 12.8 | 6:02 | 6:50 |
| 6 | 12.8 | 6:03 | 6:48 |
| 7 | 12.7 | 6:04 | 6:47 |
| 8 | 12.7 | 6:05 | 6:45 |
| 9 | 12.6 | 6:06 | 6:43 |
| 10 | 12.6 | 6:07 | 6:41 |
| 11 | 12.5 | 6:08 | 6:39 |
| 12 | 12.5 | 6:09 | 6:38 |
| 13 | 12.4 | 6:10 | 6:36 |
| 14 | 12.4 | 6:11 | 6:34 |
| 15 | 12.3 | 6:13 | 6:32 |
| 16 | 12.3 | 6:14 | 6:30 |
| 17 | 12.2 | 6:15 | 6:28 |
| 18 | 12.2 | 6:16 | 6:27 |
| 19 | 12.1 | 6:17 | 6:25 |
| 20 | 12.1 | 6:18 | 6:23 |
| 21 | 12.0 | 6:19 | 6:21 |
| 22 | 12.0 | 6:20 | 6:19 |
| 23 | 11.9 | 6:21 | 6:18 |
| 24 | 11.9 | 6:22 | 6:16 |
| 25 | 11.8 | 6:23 | 6:14 |
| 26 | 11.8 | 6:24 | 6:12 |
| 27 | 11.7 | 6:26 | 6:10 |
| 28 | 11.7 | 6:27 | 6:09 |
| 29 | 11.6 | 6:28 | 6:07 |
| 30 | 11.6 | 6:29 | 6:05 |
Solar energy in September
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in September, about 4.51 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 1.69 kWh/m² to a high of 6.44 kWh/m² in July across the year — September's 4.51 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.8 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5.2 | Bright |
| 2 | 5.2 | Bright |
| 3 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 4 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 5 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 6 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 7 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 8 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 9 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 10 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 11 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 12 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 13 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 14 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 15 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 16 | 4.5 | Bright |
| 17 | 4.5 | Bright |
| 18 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 19 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 20 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 21 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 22 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 23 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 24 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 25 | 4.0 | Bright |
| 26 | 4.0 | Bright |
| 27 | 4.0 | Moderate |
| 28 | 3.9 | Moderate |
| 29 | 3.9 | Moderate |
| 30 | 3.8 | Moderate |
Is September a good time to visit Blagoevgrad?
Our two travel scores rate September for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
September is one of the better times to visit Blagoevgrad for general sightseeing.
What to pack for Blagoevgrad in September
From September's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In September, Blagoevgrad sees daytime highs around 23°C and nights near 11°C. Worth packing: light clothes and sun protection. About 6 days see rain.
UV index in Blagoevgrad in September
Clear-sky midday UV in September peaks around 6 — enough to warrant sun protection. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Blagoevgrad peaks around June 23 at about 9 (very high) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 21 at about 1 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 8 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 2 | 3 | 4 | 8 | 7 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 1 |
| Level | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Very high | Very high | Very high | Very high | Very high | High | Moderate | Moderate | Low |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 2 | Low |
| Feb | 3 | Moderate |
| Mar | 4 | Moderate |
| Apr | 8 | Very high |
| May | 7 | Very high |
| Jun | 9 | Very high |
| Jul | 9 | Very high |
| Aug | 9 | Very high |
| Sep | 6 | High |
| Oct | 4 | Moderate |
| Nov | 2 | Moderate |
| Dec | 1 | Low |
Where is Blagoevgrad?
Blagoevgrad sits at 42.0°N, 23.1°E, 408 m above sea level, in Bulgaria. The nearest listed city is Delcevo, 28 km away.
Topography around Blagoevgrad
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Blagoevgrad.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Blagoevgrad has significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 420 m around an average of 450 m above sea level; within 16 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,973 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 2,836 m.
The land around Blagoevgrad is covered by trees (30%), grassland (26%) and artificial surfaces (25%) within 3 km, trees (54%) and grassland (33%) within 16 km, and trees (65%) and grassland (23%) within 80 km.
Bulgaria travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 1
- Exercise Normal Precautions
- Power plugs
- Type C / F
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 23% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $20,328
- 2025
- Happiness
- 5.7 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 96%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 1.1
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 9.2
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- English
- High
- EF EPI 594
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Blagoevgrad (42.0146°, 23.098°, elevation 408 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).