Castro weather in February
In February, Castro sees average daytime highs of 20°C and overnight lows near 10°C, with 56 mm of rain across 8.3 wet days and about 13.7 hours of daylight. It is the 1st-warmest and 12th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 20°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 29% of the time in February, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 14 h 18 min at the start of February to 13 h 06 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Castro's 1st-clearest and 10th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Castro's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 20°
- 1st warmest
- Overnight low
- 10°
- 12th coldest
- Rainfall
- 56 mm
- 8.3 wet days
- Daylight
- 13 h 42 min
- 7:18 AM – 9:01 PM
- Cloud cover
- 57%
- 1st clearest
- Wind
- 10 km/h
- 10th windiest
- Solar energy
- 5.34 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 6.4
- out of 10
Castro is Chilean city.
- Density
- 2,926/km²
- people per km²
- Founded
- 1567
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in February
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 20°C through the month.
A typical February day in Castro reaches about 20°C in the afternoon and slips back to 10°C overnight — a 10°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 16°C and 25°C. Set against its neighbours, February runs on par with January and about 2°C warmer than March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 19 | 19 |
| Avg low (°C) | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 20 | 10 |
| 2 | 20 | 10 |
| 3 | 20 | 10 |
| 4 | 20 | 10 |
| 5 | 20 | 10 |
| 6 | 20 | 10 |
| 7 | 20 | 10 |
| 8 | 20 | 10 |
| 9 | 20 | 10 |
| 10 | 20 | 10 |
| 11 | 20 | 10 |
| 12 | 20 | 10 |
| 13 | 20 | 10 |
| 14 | 20 | 10 |
| 15 | 20 | 10 |
| 16 | 20 | 10 |
| 17 | 20 | 10 |
| 18 | 20 | 10 |
| 19 | 20 | 10 |
| 20 | 20 | 10 |
| 21 | 20 | 10 |
| 22 | 20 | 10 |
| 23 | 20 | 10 |
| 24 | 20 | 10 |
| 25 | 20 | 10 |
| 26 | 20 | 10 |
| 27 | 19 | 10 |
| 28 | 19 | 10 |
Castro weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 1st-warmest and 12th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 20° / 10° | 63 | 9.8 | 14.8 | 6.2 |
| Feb | 20° / 10° | 56 | 8.3 | 13.7 | 6.4 |
| Mar | 18° / 9° | 86 | 11.5 | 12.4 | 5.6 |
| Apr | 15° / 7° | 112 | 13.6 | 10.9 | 4.0 |
| May | 12° / 6° | 172 | 17.3 | 9.6 | 2.7 |
| Jun | 10° / 5° | 192 | 19.3 | 8.9 | 1.8 |
| Jul | 10° / 4° | 174 | 17.9 | 9.2 | 1.8 |
| Aug | 11° / 4° | 196 | 19.9 | 10.3 | 2.0 |
| Sep | 12° / 5° | 130 | 16.2 | 11.7 | 2.8 |
| Oct | 14° / 6° | 124 | 16.3 | 13.2 | 3.5 |
| Nov | 16° / 7° | 98 | 13.4 | 14.4 | 4.4 |
| Dec | 18° / 9° | 82 | 12.6 | 15.1 | 5.4 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 29% of the time in February, the clearest month of the year.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 15% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 55%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 44 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 46 | 46 | 45 | 46 | 46 | 45 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 43 | 42 | 42 | 43 | 43 | 42 | 42 | 42 |
| Cloudier (%) | 56 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 54 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 54 | 54 | 55 | 54 | 54 | 55 | 56 | 56 | 56 | 57 | 58 | 58 | 57 | 57 | 58 | 58 | 58 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 44 | 56 |
| 2 | 45 | 55 |
| 3 | 45 | 55 |
| 4 | 45 | 55 |
| 5 | 46 | 54 |
| 6 | 47 | 53 |
| 7 | 47 | 53 |
| 8 | 47 | 53 |
| 9 | 47 | 53 |
| 10 | 47 | 53 |
| 11 | 47 | 53 |
| 12 | 46 | 54 |
| 13 | 46 | 54 |
| 14 | 45 | 55 |
| 15 | 46 | 54 |
| 16 | 46 | 54 |
| 17 | 45 | 55 |
| 18 | 44 | 56 |
| 19 | 44 | 56 |
| 20 | 44 | 56 |
| 21 | 43 | 57 |
| 22 | 42 | 58 |
| 23 | 42 | 58 |
| 24 | 43 | 57 |
| 25 | 43 | 57 |
| 26 | 42 | 58 |
| 27 | 42 | 58 |
| 28 | 42 | 58 |
Chance of precipitation in February
Castro gets around 56 mm of rain over 8.3 wet days in February, the driest month. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 30% and peaks near 33% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 30 | 30 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 29 | 29 | 30 | 30 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 33 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 31 |
| 2 | 31 |
| 3 | 31 |
| 4 | 31 |
| 5 | 30 |
| 6 | 30 |
| 7 | 29 |
| 8 | 29 |
| 9 | 29 |
| 10 | 29 |
| 11 | 28 |
| 12 | 28 |
| 13 | 28 |
| 14 | 28 |
| 15 | 28 |
| 16 | 28 |
| 17 | 28 |
| 18 | 28 |
| 19 | 29 |
| 20 | 29 |
| 21 | 30 |
| 22 | 30 |
| 23 | 31 |
| 24 | 31 |
| 25 | 31 |
| 26 | 32 |
| 27 | 33 |
| 28 | 33 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the dry band about 89% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 90 | 91 | 91 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 90 | 89 | 89 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 89 | 89 | 89 | 89 | 89 |
| Comfortable (%) | 10 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| Humid (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | Humid (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 90 | 10 | 0 |
| 2 | 91 | 9 | 0 |
| 3 | 91 | 9 | 0 |
| 4 | 92 | 8 | 0 |
| 5 | 92 | 8 | 0 |
| 6 | 92 | 8 | 0 |
| 7 | 91 | 9 | 0 |
| 8 | 91 | 9 | 0 |
| 9 | 91 | 9 | 0 |
| 10 | 90 | 10 | 0 |
| 11 | 89 | 10 | 1 |
| 12 | 89 | 10 | 1 |
| 13 | 88 | 11 | 1 |
| 14 | 88 | 11 | 1 |
| 15 | 88 | 11 | 1 |
| 16 | 88 | 11 | 1 |
| 17 | 87 | 12 | 1 |
| 18 | 87 | 12 | 1 |
| 19 | 87 | 12 | 1 |
| 20 | 88 | 11 | 1 |
| 21 | 88 | 11 | 1 |
| 22 | 88 | 11 | 1 |
| 23 | 88 | 11 | 1 |
| 24 | 89 | 10 | 1 |
| 25 | 89 | 10 | 1 |
| 26 | 89 | 10 | 1 |
| 27 | 89 | 10 | 1 |
| 28 | 89 | 10 | 1 |
Wind in February
Winds average 10 km/h in February.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 9 km/h on the calmest days to 10 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 10 | calm |
| 2 | 10 | calm |
| 3 | 10 | calm |
| 4 | 10 | calm |
| 5 | 10 | calm |
| 6 | 10 | calm |
| 7 | 10 | calm |
| 8 | 10 | calm |
| 9 | 10 | calm |
| 10 | 10 | calm |
| 11 | 10 | calm |
| 12 | 10 | calm |
| 13 | 10 | calm |
| 14 | 10 | calm |
| 15 | 10 | calm |
| 16 | 10 | calm |
| 17 | 9 | calm |
| 18 | 9 | calm |
| 19 | 9 | calm |
| 20 | 9 | calm |
| 21 | 9 | calm |
| 22 | 9 | calm |
| 23 | 9 | calm |
| 24 | 9 | calm |
| 25 | 9 | calm |
| 26 | 9 | calm |
| 27 | 9 | calm |
| 28 | 10 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 14 h 18 min at the start of February to 13 h 06 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 72 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 7:00 AM to 7:35 AM, and sunset from 9:17 PM to 8:42 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 14.3 | 14.2 | 14.2 | 14.2 | 14.1 | 14.1 | 14.1 | 14.0 | 14.0 | 13.9 | 13.9 | 13.8 | 13.8 | 13.8 | 13.7 | 13.7 | 13.6 | 13.6 | 13.5 | 13.5 | 13.5 | 13.4 | 13.4 | 13.3 | 13.3 | 13.2 | 13.2 | 13.1 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 7:00 | 7:01 | 7:03 | 7:04 | 7:05 | 7:06 | 7:08 | 7:09 | 7:10 | 7:12 | 7:13 | 7:14 | 7:16 | 7:17 | 7:18 | 7:19 | 7:21 | 7:22 | 7:23 | 7:25 | 7:26 | 7:27 | 7:28 | 7:30 | 7:31 | 7:32 | 7:33 | 7:35 |
| Sunset (PM) | 9:17 | 9:16 | 9:15 | 9:14 | 9:13 | 9:12 | 9:11 | 9:10 | 9:09 | 9:08 | 9:06 | 9:05 | 9:04 | 9:03 | 9:01 | 9:00 | 8:59 | 8:57 | 8:56 | 8:54 | 8:53 | 8:51 | 8:50 | 8:49 | 8:47 | 8:45 | 8:44 | 8:42 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 14.3 | 7:00 | 9:17 |
| 2 | 14.2 | 7:01 | 9:16 |
| 3 | 14.2 | 7:03 | 9:15 |
| 4 | 14.2 | 7:04 | 9:14 |
| 5 | 14.1 | 7:05 | 9:13 |
| 6 | 14.1 | 7:06 | 9:12 |
| 7 | 14.1 | 7:08 | 9:11 |
| 8 | 14.0 | 7:09 | 9:10 |
| 9 | 14.0 | 7:10 | 9:09 |
| 10 | 13.9 | 7:12 | 9:08 |
| 11 | 13.9 | 7:13 | 9:06 |
| 12 | 13.8 | 7:14 | 9:05 |
| 13 | 13.8 | 7:16 | 9:04 |
| 14 | 13.8 | 7:17 | 9:03 |
| 15 | 13.7 | 7:18 | 9:01 |
| 16 | 13.7 | 7:19 | 9:00 |
| 17 | 13.6 | 7:21 | 8:59 |
| 18 | 13.6 | 7:22 | 8:57 |
| 19 | 13.5 | 7:23 | 8:56 |
| 20 | 13.5 | 7:25 | 8:54 |
| 21 | 13.5 | 7:26 | 8:53 |
| 22 | 13.4 | 7:27 | 8:51 |
| 23 | 13.4 | 7:28 | 8:50 |
| 24 | 13.3 | 7:30 | 8:49 |
| 25 | 13.3 | 7:31 | 8:47 |
| 26 | 13.2 | 7:32 | 8:45 |
| 27 | 13.2 | 7:33 | 8:44 |
| 28 | 13.1 | 7:35 | 8:42 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 5.34 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 1.16 kWh/m² to a high of 6.04 kWh/m² in January across the year — February's 5.34 kWh/m² sits near the top of that range.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 4.7 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 2 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 3 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 4 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 5 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 6 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 7 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 8 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 9 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 10 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 11 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 12 | 5.4 | Bright |
| 13 | 5.4 | Bright |
| 14 | 5.4 | Bright |
| 15 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 16 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 17 | 5.2 | Bright |
| 18 | 5.2 | Bright |
| 19 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 20 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 21 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 22 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 23 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 24 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 25 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 26 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 27 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 28 | 4.7 | Bright |
Is February a good time to visit Castro?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is a reasonable time to visit Castro for sightseeing.
What to pack for Castro in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, Castro sees daytime highs around 20°C and nights near 10°C. Worth packing: rain gear and sun protection. About 8 days see rain.
Sea temperature near Castro in February
The nearest coast averages about 14°C in February — the other half of the beach question. The full-year curve and swim-comfort zones are below.
The sea at the nearest coast (about 31 km away) is warmest in January at about 14°C and coldest in August near 11°C.
The water stays below 20°C all year — cool enough that most swimmers want a wetsuit.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sea temperature (°C) | 14 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 13 |
| Comfort | Bracing | Bracing | Bracing | Bracing | Bracing | Bracing | Bracing | Bracing | Bracing | Bracing | Bracing | Bracing |
| Sea temperature (°C) | Comfort | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 14 | Bracing |
| Feb | 14 | Bracing |
| Mar | 14 | Bracing |
| Apr | 13 | Bracing |
| May | 12 | Bracing |
| Jun | 12 | Bracing |
| Jul | 11 | Bracing |
| Aug | 11 | Bracing |
| Sep | 11 | Bracing |
| Oct | 11 | Bracing |
| Nov | 12 | Bracing |
| Dec | 13 | Bracing |
UV index in Castro in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 11 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Castro peaks around December 23 at about 12 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near June 20 at about 1 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 8 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 11 | 11 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 8 | 12 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | High | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate | High | Very high | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 11 | Extreme |
| Feb | 11 | Extreme |
| Mar | 7 | High |
| Apr | 4 | Moderate |
| May | 2 | Moderate |
| Jun | 1 | Low |
| Jul | 2 | Low |
| Aug | 2 | Moderate |
| Sep | 4 | Moderate |
| Oct | 7 | High |
| Nov | 8 | Very high |
| Dec | 12 | Extreme |
Where is Castro?
Castro sits at 42.5°S, 73.8°W, 81 m above sea level, in Chile. The nearest listed city is Ancud, 67 km away.
Topography around Castro
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Castro.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Castro has significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 306 m around an average of 69 m above sea level; within 16 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 835 m; within 80 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 847 m.
The land around Castro is covered by trees (39%), water (27%) and grassland (20%) within 3 km, trees (54%) and grassland (25%) within 16 km, and water (58%) and trees (34%) within 80 km.
Chile travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / F / L
- 220 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 48% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $17,995
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.3 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 98%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 6.3
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 14.9
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- English
- Moderate
- EF EPI 517
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Castro (-42.4721°, -73.7732°, elevation 81 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. Sea temperatures are the NOAA OISST v2.1 1991–2020 monthly climatology (public domain), sampled at the nearest ocean point. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).