Panguipulli weather in February
In February, Panguipulli sees average daytime highs of 21°C and overnight lows near 10°C, with 87 mm of rain across 7.2 wet days and about 13.6 hours of daylight. It is the 1st-warmest and 12th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 21°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 50% of the time in February, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 14 h 06 min at the start of February to 13 hours by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Panguipulli's 1st-clearest and 9th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Panguipulli's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 21°
- 1st warmest
- Overnight low
- 10°
- 12th coldest
- Rainfall
- 87 mm
- 7.2 wet days
- Daylight
- 13 h 36 min
- 7:17 AM – 8:51 PM
- Cloud cover
- 43%
- 1st clearest
- Wind
- 7 km/h
- 9th windiest
- Solar energy
- 6.21 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 7.0
- out of 10
Panguipulli is city in Valdivia Province, Chile.
- Density
- 6,207/km²
- people per km²
- Founded
- 1946
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in February
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 21°C through the month.
A typical February day in Panguipulli reaches about 21°C in the afternoon and slips back to 10°C overnight — a 11°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 15°C and 26°C. Set against its neighbours, February runs on par with January and about 2°C warmer than March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
| Avg low (°C) | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 21 | 10 |
| 2 | 21 | 10 |
| 3 | 21 | 10 |
| 4 | 21 | 10 |
| 5 | 21 | 10 |
| 6 | 21 | 10 |
| 7 | 21 | 10 |
| 8 | 21 | 10 |
| 9 | 21 | 10 |
| 10 | 21 | 10 |
| 11 | 21 | 10 |
| 12 | 21 | 10 |
| 13 | 21 | 10 |
| 14 | 21 | 10 |
| 15 | 21 | 10 |
| 16 | 21 | 10 |
| 17 | 21 | 10 |
| 18 | 21 | 10 |
| 19 | 21 | 10 |
| 20 | 21 | 10 |
| 21 | 21 | 10 |
| 22 | 20 | 10 |
| 23 | 20 | 10 |
| 24 | 20 | 10 |
| 25 | 20 | 10 |
| 26 | 20 | 10 |
| 27 | 20 | 10 |
| 28 | 20 | 10 |
How February really feels in Panguipulli
Once humidity and wind are folded in, February averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
February sits comfortably in between — no days that feel dangerously hot or drop to a hard freeze once humidity and wind are folded in.
Panguipulli weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 1st-warmest and 12th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 20° / 10° | 95 | 8.1 | 0 | 14.5 | 6.8 |
| Feb | 21° / 10° | 87 | 7.2 | 0 | 13.6 | 7.0 |
| Mar | 18° / 9° | 137 | 10.1 | 0 | 12.3 | 6.1 |
| Apr | 15° / 6° | 231 | 13.2 | 0.1 | 11 | 4.0 |
| May | 11° / 5° | 360 | 16.7 | 1.2 | 9.8 | 2.4 |
| Jun | 8° / 3° | 507 | 20.6 | 4.8 | 9.3 | 1.1 |
| Jul | 8° / 2° | 421 | 19.2 | 7.2 | 9.5 | 0.9 |
| Aug | 9° / 2° | 389 | 19.2 | 6.5 | 10.4 | 1.4 |
| Sep | 11° / 3° | 233 | 15.1 | 3.2 | 11.7 | 2.5 |
| Oct | 14° / 5° | 217 | 15.2 | 1.5 | 13.1 | 3.5 |
| Nov | 16° / 7° | 169 | 12.9 | 0.3 | 14.2 | 4.5 |
| Dec | 18° / 8° | 154 | 10.9 | 0 | 14.8 | 5.9 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 50% of the time in February, the clearest month of the year.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 14% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 35%. Skies tend to cloud over as the month goes on.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 64 | 64 | 64 | 65 | 66 | 66 | 66 | 66 | 67 | 67 | 67 | 67 | 67 | 67 | 67 | 67 | 66 | 65 | 65 | 64 | 64 | 62 | 62 | 62 | 61 | 61 | 61 | 60 |
| Cloudier (%) | 36 | 36 | 36 | 35 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 35 | 36 | 36 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 40 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 64 | 36 |
| 2 | 64 | 36 |
| 3 | 64 | 36 |
| 4 | 65 | 35 |
| 5 | 66 | 34 |
| 6 | 66 | 34 |
| 7 | 66 | 34 |
| 8 | 66 | 34 |
| 9 | 67 | 33 |
| 10 | 67 | 33 |
| 11 | 67 | 33 |
| 12 | 67 | 33 |
| 13 | 67 | 33 |
| 14 | 67 | 33 |
| 15 | 67 | 33 |
| 16 | 67 | 33 |
| 17 | 66 | 34 |
| 18 | 65 | 35 |
| 19 | 65 | 35 |
| 20 | 64 | 36 |
| 21 | 64 | 36 |
| 22 | 62 | 38 |
| 23 | 62 | 38 |
| 24 | 62 | 38 |
| 25 | 61 | 39 |
| 26 | 61 | 39 |
| 27 | 61 | 39 |
| 28 | 60 | 40 |
Chance of precipitation in February
Panguipulli gets around 87 mm of rain over 7.2 wet days in February, the driest month. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 25% and peaks near 28% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 27 | 27 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 25 | 25 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 25 | 26 | 26 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 28 |
| 2 | 28 |
| 3 | 28 |
| 4 | 28 |
| 5 | 28 |
| 6 | 27 |
| 7 | 27 |
| 8 | 26 |
| 9 | 26 |
| 10 | 26 |
| 11 | 25 |
| 12 | 25 |
| 13 | 24 |
| 14 | 24 |
| 15 | 24 |
| 16 | 24 |
| 17 | 24 |
| 18 | 24 |
| 19 | 24 |
| 20 | 24 |
| 21 | 24 |
| 22 | 24 |
| 23 | 24 |
| 24 | 24 |
| 25 | 25 |
| 26 | 25 |
| 27 | 26 |
| 28 | 26 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the dry band about 80% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 82 | 82 | 83 | 83 | 83 | 82 | 82 | 82 | 81 | 81 | 80 | 80 | 80 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 80 | 80 | 80 | 80 | 80 |
| Comfortable (%) | 17 | 17 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 18 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 |
| Humid (%) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | Humid (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 82 | 17 | 1 |
| 2 | 82 | 17 | 1 |
| 3 | 83 | 16 | 1 |
| 4 | 83 | 16 | 1 |
| 5 | 83 | 16 | 1 |
| 6 | 82 | 17 | 1 |
| 7 | 82 | 17 | 1 |
| 8 | 82 | 17 | 1 |
| 9 | 81 | 18 | 1 |
| 10 | 81 | 18 | 1 |
| 11 | 80 | 19 | 1 |
| 12 | 80 | 19 | 1 |
| 13 | 80 | 19 | 1 |
| 14 | 79 | 19 | 2 |
| 15 | 79 | 19 | 2 |
| 16 | 79 | 19 | 2 |
| 17 | 79 | 19 | 2 |
| 18 | 79 | 19 | 2 |
| 19 | 79 | 19 | 2 |
| 20 | 79 | 19 | 2 |
| 21 | 79 | 19 | 2 |
| 22 | 79 | 19 | 2 |
| 23 | 79 | 19 | 2 |
| 24 | 80 | 18 | 2 |
| 25 | 80 | 18 | 2 |
| 26 | 80 | 18 | 2 |
| 27 | 80 | 18 | 2 |
| 28 | 80 | 18 | 2 |
Wind in February
Winds average 7 km/h in February.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 6 km/h on the calmest days to 7 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 7 | calm |
| 2 | 7 | calm |
| 3 | 7 | calm |
| 4 | 7 | calm |
| 5 | 7 | calm |
| 6 | 7 | calm |
| 7 | 7 | calm |
| 8 | 7 | calm |
| 9 | 7 | calm |
| 10 | 7 | calm |
| 11 | 7 | calm |
| 12 | 7 | calm |
| 13 | 7 | calm |
| 14 | 7 | calm |
| 15 | 7 | calm |
| 16 | 7 | calm |
| 17 | 7 | calm |
| 18 | 7 | calm |
| 19 | 6 | calm |
| 20 | 6 | calm |
| 21 | 6 | calm |
| 22 | 6 | calm |
| 23 | 6 | calm |
| 24 | 6 | calm |
| 25 | 6 | calm |
| 26 | 6 | calm |
| 27 | 6 | calm |
| 28 | 6 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 14 h 06 min at the start of February to 13 hours by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 66 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 7:01 AM to 7:32 AM, and sunset from 9:05 PM to 8:33 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 14.1 | 14.0 | 14.0 | 14.0 | 13.9 | 13.9 | 13.9 | 13.8 | 13.8 | 13.7 | 13.7 | 13.7 | 13.6 | 13.6 | 13.6 | 13.5 | 13.5 | 13.4 | 13.4 | 13.4 | 13.3 | 13.3 | 13.2 | 13.2 | 13.1 | 13.1 | 13.1 | 13.0 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 7:01 | 7:02 | 7:03 | 7:04 | 7:06 | 7:07 | 7:08 | 7:09 | 7:10 | 7:11 | 7:13 | 7:14 | 7:15 | 7:16 | 7:17 | 7:18 | 7:20 | 7:21 | 7:22 | 7:23 | 7:24 | 7:25 | 7:27 | 7:28 | 7:29 | 7:30 | 7:31 | 7:32 |
| Sunset (PM) | 9:05 | 9:04 | 9:03 | 9:02 | 9:01 | 9:00 | 8:59 | 8:58 | 8:57 | 8:56 | 8:55 | 8:54 | 8:53 | 8:52 | 8:51 | 8:49 | 8:48 | 8:47 | 8:46 | 8:44 | 8:43 | 8:42 | 8:40 | 8:39 | 8:38 | 8:36 | 8:35 | 8:33 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 14.1 | 7:01 | 9:05 |
| 2 | 14.0 | 7:02 | 9:04 |
| 3 | 14.0 | 7:03 | 9:03 |
| 4 | 14.0 | 7:04 | 9:02 |
| 5 | 13.9 | 7:06 | 9:01 |
| 6 | 13.9 | 7:07 | 9:00 |
| 7 | 13.9 | 7:08 | 8:59 |
| 8 | 13.8 | 7:09 | 8:58 |
| 9 | 13.8 | 7:10 | 8:57 |
| 10 | 13.7 | 7:11 | 8:56 |
| 11 | 13.7 | 7:13 | 8:55 |
| 12 | 13.7 | 7:14 | 8:54 |
| 13 | 13.6 | 7:15 | 8:53 |
| 14 | 13.6 | 7:16 | 8:52 |
| 15 | 13.6 | 7:17 | 8:51 |
| 16 | 13.5 | 7:18 | 8:49 |
| 17 | 13.5 | 7:20 | 8:48 |
| 18 | 13.4 | 7:21 | 8:47 |
| 19 | 13.4 | 7:22 | 8:46 |
| 20 | 13.4 | 7:23 | 8:44 |
| 21 | 13.3 | 7:24 | 8:43 |
| 22 | 13.3 | 7:25 | 8:42 |
| 23 | 13.2 | 7:27 | 8:40 |
| 24 | 13.2 | 7:28 | 8:39 |
| 25 | 13.1 | 7:29 | 8:38 |
| 26 | 13.1 | 7:30 | 8:36 |
| 27 | 13.1 | 7:31 | 8:35 |
| 28 | 13.0 | 7:32 | 8:33 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 6.21 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 1.22 kWh/m² to a high of 7.21 kWh/m² in January across the year — February's 6.21 kWh/m² sits near the top of that range.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 6.7 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.1 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 5.5 |
| Level | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6.7 | Intense |
| 2 | 6.7 | Intense |
| 3 | 6.7 | Intense |
| 4 | 6.6 | Intense |
| 5 | 6.6 | Intense |
| 6 | 6.6 | Intense |
| 7 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 8 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 9 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 10 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 11 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 12 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 13 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 14 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 15 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 16 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 17 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 18 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 19 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 20 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 21 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 22 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 23 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 24 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 25 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 26 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 27 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 28 | 5.5 | Bright |
Hazard calendar for Panguipulli
None of Panguipulli's seasonal hazards are active in February. The full-year calendar below shows when the rainy season, cyclone risk and dust haze do peak.
Panguipulli's rainy season runs April–September, when most of the year's rain falls.
Is February a good time to visit Panguipulli?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is one of the better times to visit Panguipulli for general sightseeing.
What to pack for Panguipulli in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, Panguipulli sees daytime highs around 21°C and nights near 10°C. Pack sun protection. About 7 days see rain.
UV index in Panguipulli in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 11 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Panguipulli peaks around December 20 at about 12 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near June 17 at about 2 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 8 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 11 | 11 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 9 | 12 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Very high | Very high | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 11 | Extreme |
| Feb | 11 | Extreme |
| Mar | 8 | Very high |
| Apr | 4 | Moderate |
| May | 2 | Moderate |
| Jun | 2 | Low |
| Jul | 2 | Moderate |
| Aug | 3 | Moderate |
| Sep | 5 | Moderate |
| Oct | 8 | Very high |
| Nov | 9 | Very high |
| Dec | 12 | Extreme |
Where is Panguipulli?
Panguipulli sits at 39.6°S, 72.3°W, 140 m above sea level, in Chile. The nearest listed city is Loncoche, 40 km away.
Topography around Panguipulli
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Panguipulli.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Panguipulli has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 162 m around an average of 220 m above sea level; within 16 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,262 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 3,727 m.
The land around Panguipulli is covered by grassland (49%) and trees (27%) within 3 km, trees (48%) and grassland (31%) within 16 km, and trees (69%) within 80 km.
Chile travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / F / L
- 220 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 48% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $17,995
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.3 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 98%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 6.3
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 14.9
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- English
- Moderate
- EF EPI 517
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Panguipulli (-39.6435°, -72.3327°, elevation 140 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).