Parral weather in February
In February, Parral sees average daytime highs of 27°C and overnight lows near 12°C, with 22 mm of rain across 1.7 wet days and about 13.4 hours of daylight. It is the 2nd-warmest and 10th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 27°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 82% of the time in February, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 13 h 48 min at the start of February to 12 h 54 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Parral's 2nd-clearest and 9th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Parral's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 27°
- 2nd warmest
- Overnight low
- 12°
- 11th coldest
- Rainfall
- 22 mm
- 1.7 wet days
- Daylight
- 13 h 24 min
- 7:21 AM – 8:43 PM
- Cloud cover
- 18%
- 2nd clearest
- Wind
- 8 km/h
- 9th windiest
- Solar energy
- 7.52 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 8.6
- out of 10
Temperature in February
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 27°C through the month.
A typical February day in Parral reaches about 27°C in the afternoon and slips back to 12°C overnight — a 14°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 23°C and 30°C. Set against its neighbours, February runs on par with January and about 2°C warmer than March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 |
| Avg low (°C) | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 27 | 13 |
| 2 | 27 | 13 |
| 3 | 27 | 13 |
| 4 | 27 | 13 |
| 5 | 27 | 13 |
| 6 | 27 | 13 |
| 7 | 27 | 13 |
| 8 | 27 | 13 |
| 9 | 27 | 13 |
| 10 | 27 | 13 |
| 11 | 27 | 13 |
| 12 | 27 | 13 |
| 13 | 27 | 13 |
| 14 | 27 | 13 |
| 15 | 27 | 13 |
| 16 | 27 | 13 |
| 17 | 27 | 13 |
| 18 | 27 | 12 |
| 19 | 27 | 12 |
| 20 | 26 | 12 |
| 21 | 26 | 12 |
| 22 | 26 | 12 |
| 23 | 26 | 12 |
| 24 | 26 | 12 |
| 25 | 26 | 12 |
| 26 | 26 | 12 |
| 27 | 26 | 12 |
| 28 | 26 | 12 |
Parral weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 2nd-warmest and 10th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 27° / 13° | 9 | 1.3 | 14.2 | 8.6 |
| Feb | 27° / 12° | 22 | 1.7 | 13.4 | 8.6 |
| Mar | 24° / 11° | 22 | 2.4 | 12.3 | 8.8 |
| Apr | 20° / 8° | 76 | 5.5 | 11.1 | 7.2 |
| May | 16° / 6° | 196 | 9.6 | 10.1 | 4.9 |
| Jun | 13° / 5° | 269 | 13.1 | 9.6 | 3.4 |
| Jul | 13° / 4° | 211 | 11.4 | 9.8 | 3.5 |
| Aug | 14° / 5° | 175 | 11.3 | 10.6 | 4.2 |
| Sep | 17° / 6° | 98 | 7.7 | 11.8 | 5.6 |
| Oct | 19° / 8° | 67 | 7 | 12.9 | 6.8 |
| Nov | 22° / 9° | 29 | 3.4 | 13.9 | 8.2 |
| Dec | 25° / 11° | 26 | 2.7 | 14.4 | 8.7 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 82% of the time in February.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 8% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 10%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 89 | 89 | 89 | 89 | 88 | 89 | 88 | 88 |
| Cloudier (%) | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 11 | 12 | 12 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 90 | 10 |
| 2 | 90 | 10 |
| 3 | 90 | 10 |
| 4 | 90 | 10 |
| 5 | 91 | 9 |
| 6 | 91 | 9 |
| 7 | 91 | 9 |
| 8 | 91 | 9 |
| 9 | 91 | 9 |
| 10 | 91 | 9 |
| 11 | 91 | 9 |
| 12 | 91 | 9 |
| 13 | 91 | 9 |
| 14 | 91 | 9 |
| 15 | 91 | 9 |
| 16 | 91 | 9 |
| 17 | 90 | 10 |
| 18 | 90 | 10 |
| 19 | 90 | 10 |
| 20 | 90 | 10 |
| 21 | 89 | 11 |
| 22 | 89 | 11 |
| 23 | 89 | 11 |
| 24 | 89 | 11 |
| 25 | 88 | 12 |
| 26 | 89 | 11 |
| 27 | 88 | 12 |
| 28 | 88 | 12 |
Chance of precipitation in February
Parral gets around 22 mm of rain over 1.7 wet days in February. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 6% and peaks near 7% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 4 |
| 2 | 4 |
| 3 | 5 |
| 4 | 5 |
| 5 | 5 |
| 6 | 5 |
| 7 | 5 |
| 8 | 6 |
| 9 | 6 |
| 10 | 6 |
| 11 | 6 |
| 12 | 6 |
| 13 | 6 |
| 14 | 6 |
| 15 | 6 |
| 16 | 6 |
| 17 | 6 |
| 18 | 6 |
| 19 | 6 |
| 20 | 6 |
| 21 | 7 |
| 22 | 7 |
| 23 | 7 |
| 24 | 7 |
| 25 | 7 |
| 26 | 7 |
| 27 | 7 |
| 28 | 7 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the dry band about 64% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 68 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 68 | 66 | 66 | 65 | 64 | 63 | 62 | 62 | 61 | 60 | 59 | 59 | 59 | 59 | 59 | 60 | 61 | 62 | 62 | 63 |
| Comfortable (%) | 27 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 34 | 34 | 33 | 33 | 32 |
| Humid (%) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | Humid (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 68 | 27 | 5 |
| 2 | 69 | 26 | 5 |
| 3 | 69 | 26 | 5 |
| 4 | 69 | 26 | 5 |
| 5 | 69 | 26 | 5 |
| 6 | 69 | 26 | 5 |
| 7 | 69 | 26 | 5 |
| 8 | 69 | 26 | 5 |
| 9 | 68 | 27 | 5 |
| 10 | 66 | 28 | 6 |
| 11 | 66 | 28 | 6 |
| 12 | 65 | 29 | 6 |
| 13 | 64 | 30 | 6 |
| 14 | 63 | 31 | 6 |
| 15 | 62 | 32 | 6 |
| 16 | 62 | 32 | 6 |
| 17 | 61 | 33 | 6 |
| 18 | 60 | 34 | 6 |
| 19 | 59 | 35 | 6 |
| 20 | 59 | 35 | 6 |
| 21 | 59 | 35 | 6 |
| 22 | 59 | 35 | 6 |
| 23 | 59 | 35 | 6 |
| 24 | 60 | 34 | 6 |
| 25 | 61 | 34 | 5 |
| 26 | 62 | 33 | 5 |
| 27 | 62 | 33 | 5 |
| 28 | 63 | 32 | 5 |
Wind in February
Winds average 8 km/h in February.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 8 km/h on the calmest days to 9 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 9 | calm |
| 2 | 9 | calm |
| 3 | 9 | calm |
| 4 | 9 | calm |
| 5 | 9 | calm |
| 6 | 9 | calm |
| 7 | 9 | calm |
| 8 | 9 | calm |
| 9 | 9 | calm |
| 10 | 9 | calm |
| 11 | 9 | calm |
| 12 | 9 | calm |
| 13 | 9 | calm |
| 14 | 9 | calm |
| 15 | 9 | calm |
| 16 | 9 | calm |
| 17 | 8 | calm |
| 18 | 8 | calm |
| 19 | 8 | calm |
| 20 | 8 | calm |
| 21 | 8 | calm |
| 22 | 8 | calm |
| 23 | 8 | calm |
| 24 | 8 | calm |
| 25 | 8 | calm |
| 26 | 8 | calm |
| 27 | 8 | calm |
| 28 | 8 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 13 h 48 min at the start of February to 12 h 54 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 54 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 7:06 AM to 7:34 AM, and sunset from 8:55 PM to 8:28 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 13.8 | 13.8 | 13.8 | 13.7 | 13.7 | 13.7 | 13.6 | 13.6 | 13.6 | 13.5 | 13.5 | 13.5 | 13.4 | 13.4 | 13.4 | 13.3 | 13.3 | 13.3 | 13.2 | 13.2 | 13.2 | 13.1 | 13.1 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 12.9 | 12.9 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 7:06 | 7:07 | 7:09 | 7:10 | 7:11 | 7:12 | 7:13 | 7:14 | 7:15 | 7:16 | 7:17 | 7:18 | 7:19 | 7:20 | 7:21 | 7:22 | 7:23 | 7:24 | 7:25 | 7:26 | 7:27 | 7:28 | 7:29 | 7:30 | 7:31 | 7:32 | 7:33 | 7:34 |
| Sunset (PM) | 8:55 | 8:54 | 8:54 | 8:53 | 8:52 | 8:51 | 8:51 | 8:50 | 8:49 | 8:48 | 8:47 | 8:46 | 8:45 | 8:44 | 8:43 | 8:42 | 8:41 | 8:40 | 8:39 | 8:37 | 8:36 | 8:35 | 8:34 | 8:33 | 8:31 | 8:30 | 8:29 | 8:28 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 13.8 | 7:06 | 8:55 |
| 2 | 13.8 | 7:07 | 8:54 |
| 3 | 13.8 | 7:09 | 8:54 |
| 4 | 13.7 | 7:10 | 8:53 |
| 5 | 13.7 | 7:11 | 8:52 |
| 6 | 13.7 | 7:12 | 8:51 |
| 7 | 13.6 | 7:13 | 8:51 |
| 8 | 13.6 | 7:14 | 8:50 |
| 9 | 13.6 | 7:15 | 8:49 |
| 10 | 13.5 | 7:16 | 8:48 |
| 11 | 13.5 | 7:17 | 8:47 |
| 12 | 13.5 | 7:18 | 8:46 |
| 13 | 13.4 | 7:19 | 8:45 |
| 14 | 13.4 | 7:20 | 8:44 |
| 15 | 13.4 | 7:21 | 8:43 |
| 16 | 13.3 | 7:22 | 8:42 |
| 17 | 13.3 | 7:23 | 8:41 |
| 18 | 13.3 | 7:24 | 8:40 |
| 19 | 13.2 | 7:25 | 8:39 |
| 20 | 13.2 | 7:26 | 8:37 |
| 21 | 13.2 | 7:27 | 8:36 |
| 22 | 13.1 | 7:28 | 8:35 |
| 23 | 13.1 | 7:29 | 8:34 |
| 24 | 13.0 | 7:30 | 8:33 |
| 25 | 13.0 | 7:31 | 8:31 |
| 26 | 13.0 | 7:32 | 8:30 |
| 27 | 12.9 | 7:33 | 8:29 |
| 28 | 12.9 | 7:34 | 8:28 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 7.52 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 1.93 kWh/m² to a high of 8.62 kWh/m² in January across the year — February's 7.52 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 8.1 | 8.1 | 8.1 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 7.9 | 7.9 | 7.8 | 7.8 | 7.8 | 7.7 | 7.7 | 7.6 | 7.6 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 7.4 | 7.4 | 7.3 | 7.3 | 7.2 | 7.2 | 7.1 | 7.1 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 6.9 | 6.8 |
| Level | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 8.1 | Intense |
| 2 | 8.1 | Intense |
| 3 | 8.1 | Intense |
| 4 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 5 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 6 | 7.9 | Intense |
| 7 | 7.9 | Intense |
| 8 | 7.8 | Intense |
| 9 | 7.8 | Intense |
| 10 | 7.8 | Intense |
| 11 | 7.7 | Intense |
| 12 | 7.7 | Intense |
| 13 | 7.6 | Intense |
| 14 | 7.6 | Intense |
| 15 | 7.5 | Intense |
| 16 | 7.5 | Intense |
| 17 | 7.4 | Intense |
| 18 | 7.4 | Intense |
| 19 | 7.3 | Intense |
| 20 | 7.3 | Intense |
| 21 | 7.2 | Intense |
| 22 | 7.2 | Intense |
| 23 | 7.1 | Intense |
| 24 | 7.1 | Intense |
| 25 | 7.0 | Intense |
| 26 | 7.0 | Intense |
| 27 | 6.9 | Intense |
| 28 | 6.8 | Intense |
Hazard calendar for Parral
None of Parral's seasonal hazards are active in February. The full-year calendar below shows when the rainy season, cyclone risk and dust haze do peak.
Parral's rainy season runs May–August, when most of the year's rain falls.
Is February a good time to visit Parral?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is one of the better times to visit Parral for general sightseeing. The water and warmth also suit a beach or pool day.
What to pack for Parral in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, Parral sees daytime highs around 27°C and nights near 12°C. Pack sun protection. Worth having: light clothes.
UV index in Parral in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 11 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Parral peaks around January 15 at about 13 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near June 16 at about 2 (moderate).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 9 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 13 | 11 | 9 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 8 | 11 | 12 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | High | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | High | Very high | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 13 | Extreme |
| Feb | 11 | Extreme |
| Mar | 9 | Very high |
| Apr | 5 | High |
| May | 3 | Moderate |
| Jun | 2 | Moderate |
| Jul | 3 | Moderate |
| Aug | 4 | Moderate |
| Sep | 5 | High |
| Oct | 8 | Very high |
| Nov | 11 | Extreme |
| Dec | 12 | Extreme |
Air quality in Parral in February
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where February falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Parral is worst in May — around 33 µg/m³ PM2.5 (moderate), about 3.6× the cleanest month (December, 9 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 19 | 24 | 12 | 18 | 33 | 19 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 9 | 9 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Good | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Good | Good | Good |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 19 | Moderate |
| Feb | 24 | Moderate |
| Mar | 12 | Good |
| Apr | 18 | Moderate |
| May | 33 | Moderate |
| Jun | 19 | Moderate |
| Jul | 13 | Moderate |
| Aug | 13 | Moderate |
| Sep | 13 | Moderate |
| Oct | 12 | Good |
| Nov | 9 | Good |
| Dec | 9 | Good |
Where is Parral?
Parral sits at 36.1°S, 71.8°W, 178 m above sea level, in Chile. The nearest listed city is Longaví, 24 km away.
Topography around Parral
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Parral.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Parral has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 34 m around an average of 168 m above sea level; within 16 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 129 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 3,161 m.
The land around Parral is covered by cropland (42%), grassland (25%) and artificial surfaces (21%) within 3 km, cropland (53%) and grassland (27%) within 16 km, and trees (40%), grassland (34%) and cropland (20%) within 80 km.
Chile travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / F / L
- 220 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 48% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $17,995
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.3 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 98%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 6.3
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 14.9
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- English
- Moderate
- EF EPI 517
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Parral (-36.1431°, -71.826°, elevation 178 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).