Peñalolén weather in February
In February, Peñalolén sees average daytime highs of 23°C and overnight lows near 11°C, with 14 mm of rain across 4.1 wet days and about 13.2 hours of daylight. It is the 2nd-warmest and 12th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 23°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 88% of the time in February, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 13 h 36 min at the start of February to 12 h 48 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Peñalolén's 1st-clearest and 3rd-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Peñalolén's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 23°
- 2nd warmest
- Overnight low
- 11°
- 11th coldest
- Rainfall
- 14 mm
- 4.1 wet days
- Daylight
- 13 h 12 min
- 7:20 AM – 8:34 PM
- Cloud cover
- 16%
- 1st clearest
- Wind
- 5 km/h
- 3rd windiest
- Solar energy
- 7.84 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 8.7
- out of 10
Temperature in February
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 23°C through the month.
A typical February day in Peñalolén reaches about 23°C in the afternoon and slips back to 11°C overnight — a 12°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 20°C and 26°C. Set against its neighbours, February runs on par with January and about 1°C warmer than March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 |
| Avg low (°C) | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 24 | 12 |
| 2 | 24 | 12 |
| 3 | 24 | 12 |
| 4 | 24 | 12 |
| 5 | 24 | 12 |
| 6 | 23 | 12 |
| 7 | 23 | 12 |
| 8 | 23 | 12 |
| 9 | 23 | 12 |
| 10 | 23 | 12 |
| 11 | 23 | 12 |
| 12 | 23 | 12 |
| 13 | 23 | 12 |
| 14 | 23 | 12 |
| 15 | 23 | 12 |
| 16 | 23 | 11 |
| 17 | 23 | 11 |
| 18 | 23 | 11 |
| 19 | 23 | 11 |
| 20 | 23 | 11 |
| 21 | 23 | 11 |
| 22 | 23 | 11 |
| 23 | 23 | 11 |
| 24 | 23 | 11 |
| 25 | 23 | 11 |
| 26 | 23 | 11 |
| 27 | 23 | 11 |
| 28 | 23 | 11 |
How February really feels in Peñalolén
Once humidity and wind are folded in, February averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
February sits comfortably in between — no days that feel dangerously hot or drop to a hard freeze once humidity and wind are folded in.
Peñalolén weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 2nd-warmest and 12th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 24° / 12° | 15 | 3.9 | 0 | 14 | 8.8 |
| Feb | 23° / 11° | 14 | 4.1 | 0 | 13.2 | 8.7 |
| Mar | 22° / 10° | 15 | 2.8 | 0 | 12.3 | 8.6 |
| Apr | 18° / 6° | 39 | 4.4 | 0.5 | 11.2 | 7.1 |
| May | 14° / 3° | 80 | 7.1 | 2.3 | 10.3 | 4.6 |
| Jun | 10° / -0° | 129 | 8.6 | 5.3 | 9.8 | 2.4 |
| Jul | 9° / -2° | 97 | 8 | 5.3 | 10 | 1.9 |
| Aug | 11° / -0° | 90 | 8 | 5.2 | 10.8 | 2.9 |
| Sep | 14° / 2° | 72 | 9 | 3.6 | 11.8 | 4.1 |
| Oct | 16° / 4° | 62 | 11 | 2 | 12.8 | 5.3 |
| Nov | 19° / 7° | 45 | 10.3 | 0.4 | 13.7 | 6.6 |
| Dec | 22° / 10° | 25 | 6.7 | 0 | 14.2 | 7.9 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 88% of the time in February, the clearest month of the year.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 7% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 5%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 |
| Cloudier (%) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 95 | 5 |
| 2 | 95 | 5 |
| 3 | 95 | 5 |
| 4 | 95 | 5 |
| 5 | 95 | 5 |
| 6 | 95 | 5 |
| 7 | 95 | 5 |
| 8 | 95 | 5 |
| 9 | 95 | 5 |
| 10 | 95 | 5 |
| 11 | 95 | 5 |
| 12 | 95 | 5 |
| 13 | 95 | 5 |
| 14 | 95 | 5 |
| 15 | 95 | 5 |
| 16 | 95 | 5 |
| 17 | 95 | 5 |
| 18 | 95 | 5 |
| 19 | 95 | 5 |
| 20 | 95 | 5 |
| 21 | 95 | 5 |
| 22 | 95 | 5 |
| 23 | 94 | 6 |
| 24 | 94 | 6 |
| 25 | 94 | 6 |
| 26 | 94 | 6 |
| 27 | 94 | 6 |
| 28 | 94 | 6 |
Chance of precipitation in February
Peñalolén gets around 14 mm of rain over 4.1 wet days in February, the driest month. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 14% and peaks near 16% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 12 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 12 |
| 2 | 12 |
| 3 | 12 |
| 4 | 13 |
| 5 | 13 |
| 6 | 13 |
| 7 | 14 |
| 8 | 14 |
| 9 | 14 |
| 10 | 15 |
| 11 | 15 |
| 12 | 16 |
| 13 | 16 |
| 14 | 16 |
| 15 | 16 |
| 16 | 16 |
| 17 | 16 |
| 18 | 16 |
| 19 | 16 |
| 20 | 15 |
| 21 | 15 |
| 22 | 15 |
| 23 | 14 |
| 24 | 14 |
| 25 | 13 |
| 26 | 13 |
| 27 | 12 |
| 28 | 12 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the dry band about 96% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 98 |
| Comfortable (%) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 96 | 4 |
| 2 | 96 | 4 |
| 3 | 96 | 4 |
| 4 | 96 | 4 |
| 5 | 96 | 4 |
| 6 | 96 | 4 |
| 7 | 96 | 4 |
| 8 | 96 | 4 |
| 9 | 96 | 4 |
| 10 | 96 | 4 |
| 11 | 96 | 4 |
| 12 | 96 | 4 |
| 13 | 96 | 4 |
| 14 | 96 | 4 |
| 15 | 96 | 4 |
| 16 | 96 | 4 |
| 17 | 96 | 4 |
| 18 | 96 | 4 |
| 19 | 96 | 4 |
| 20 | 96 | 4 |
| 21 | 96 | 4 |
| 22 | 96 | 4 |
| 23 | 96 | 4 |
| 24 | 96 | 4 |
| 25 | 97 | 3 |
| 26 | 97 | 3 |
| 27 | 97 | 3 |
| 28 | 98 | 2 |
Wind in February
Winds average 5 km/h in February.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 5 km/h on the calmest days to 5 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5 | calm |
| 2 | 5 | calm |
| 3 | 5 | calm |
| 4 | 5 | calm |
| 5 | 5 | calm |
| 6 | 5 | calm |
| 7 | 5 | calm |
| 8 | 5 | calm |
| 9 | 5 | calm |
| 10 | 5 | calm |
| 11 | 5 | calm |
| 12 | 5 | calm |
| 13 | 5 | calm |
| 14 | 5 | calm |
| 15 | 5 | calm |
| 16 | 5 | calm |
| 17 | 5 | calm |
| 18 | 5 | calm |
| 19 | 5 | calm |
| 20 | 5 | calm |
| 21 | 5 | calm |
| 22 | 5 | calm |
| 23 | 5 | calm |
| 24 | 5 | calm |
| 25 | 5 | calm |
| 26 | 5 | calm |
| 27 | 5 | calm |
| 28 | 5 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 13 h 36 min at the start of February to 12 h 48 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 48 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 7:07 AM to 7:31 AM, and sunset from 8:45 PM to 8:20 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 13.6 | 13.6 | 13.6 | 13.6 | 13.5 | 13.5 | 13.5 | 13.4 | 13.4 | 13.4 | 13.4 | 13.3 | 13.3 | 13.3 | 13.2 | 13.2 | 13.2 | 13.1 | 13.1 | 13.1 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.8 | 12.8 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 7:07 | 7:07 | 7:08 | 7:09 | 7:10 | 7:11 | 7:12 | 7:13 | 7:14 | 7:15 | 7:16 | 7:17 | 7:18 | 7:19 | 7:20 | 7:21 | 7:21 | 7:22 | 7:23 | 7:24 | 7:25 | 7:26 | 7:27 | 7:28 | 7:29 | 7:29 | 7:30 | 7:31 |
| Sunset (PM) | 8:45 | 8:44 | 8:44 | 8:43 | 8:42 | 8:41 | 8:41 | 8:40 | 8:39 | 8:38 | 8:37 | 8:37 | 8:36 | 8:35 | 8:34 | 8:33 | 8:32 | 8:31 | 8:30 | 8:29 | 8:28 | 8:27 | 8:26 | 8:25 | 8:23 | 8:22 | 8:21 | 8:20 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 13.6 | 7:07 | 8:45 |
| 2 | 13.6 | 7:07 | 8:44 |
| 3 | 13.6 | 7:08 | 8:44 |
| 4 | 13.6 | 7:09 | 8:43 |
| 5 | 13.5 | 7:10 | 8:42 |
| 6 | 13.5 | 7:11 | 8:41 |
| 7 | 13.5 | 7:12 | 8:41 |
| 8 | 13.4 | 7:13 | 8:40 |
| 9 | 13.4 | 7:14 | 8:39 |
| 10 | 13.4 | 7:15 | 8:38 |
| 11 | 13.4 | 7:16 | 8:37 |
| 12 | 13.3 | 7:17 | 8:37 |
| 13 | 13.3 | 7:18 | 8:36 |
| 14 | 13.3 | 7:19 | 8:35 |
| 15 | 13.2 | 7:20 | 8:34 |
| 16 | 13.2 | 7:21 | 8:33 |
| 17 | 13.2 | 7:21 | 8:32 |
| 18 | 13.1 | 7:22 | 8:31 |
| 19 | 13.1 | 7:23 | 8:30 |
| 20 | 13.1 | 7:24 | 8:29 |
| 21 | 13.0 | 7:25 | 8:28 |
| 22 | 13.0 | 7:26 | 8:27 |
| 23 | 13.0 | 7:27 | 8:26 |
| 24 | 12.9 | 7:28 | 8:25 |
| 25 | 12.9 | 7:29 | 8:23 |
| 26 | 12.9 | 7:29 | 8:22 |
| 27 | 12.8 | 7:30 | 8:21 |
| 28 | 12.8 | 7:31 | 8:20 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 7.84 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 2.66 kWh/m² to a high of 8.76 kWh/m² in December across the year — February's 7.84 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 8.4 | 8.4 | 8.3 | 8.3 | 8.3 | 8.2 | 8.2 | 8.1 | 8.1 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 7.9 | 7.9 | 7.8 | 7.8 | 7.7 | 7.7 | 7.6 | 7.6 | 7.6 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 7.4 | 7.4 | 7.4 | 7.3 | 7.3 |
| Level | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 8.4 | Intense |
| 2 | 8.4 | Intense |
| 3 | 8.3 | Intense |
| 4 | 8.3 | Intense |
| 5 | 8.3 | Intense |
| 6 | 8.2 | Intense |
| 7 | 8.2 | Intense |
| 8 | 8.1 | Intense |
| 9 | 8.1 | Intense |
| 10 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 11 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 12 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 13 | 7.9 | Intense |
| 14 | 7.9 | Intense |
| 15 | 7.8 | Intense |
| 16 | 7.8 | Intense |
| 17 | 7.7 | Intense |
| 18 | 7.7 | Intense |
| 19 | 7.6 | Intense |
| 20 | 7.6 | Intense |
| 21 | 7.6 | Intense |
| 22 | 7.5 | Intense |
| 23 | 7.5 | Intense |
| 24 | 7.4 | Intense |
| 25 | 7.4 | Intense |
| 26 | 7.4 | Intense |
| 27 | 7.3 | Intense |
| 28 | 7.3 | Intense |
Hazard calendar for Peñalolén
None of Peñalolén's seasonal hazards are active in February. The full-year calendar below shows when the rainy season, cyclone risk and dust haze do peak.
Peñalolén's rainy season runs May–October, when most of the year's rain falls.
Is February a good time to visit Peñalolén?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is one of the better times to visit Peñalolén for general sightseeing. The water and warmth also suit a beach or pool day.
What to pack for Peñalolén in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, Peñalolén sees daytime highs around 23°C and nights near 11°C. Pack sun protection. Worth having: light clothes. About 4 days see rain.
UV index in Peñalolén in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 13 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Peñalolén peaks around January 18 at about 14 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near June 17 at about 4 (moderate).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 15 | 13 | 11 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 7 | 10 | 12 | 13 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | High | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | High | Very high | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 15 | Extreme |
| Feb | 13 | Extreme |
| Mar | 11 | Extreme |
| Apr | 6 | High |
| May | 4 | Moderate |
| Jun | 4 | Moderate |
| Jul | 4 | Moderate |
| Aug | 6 | High |
| Sep | 7 | Very high |
| Oct | 10 | Extreme |
| Nov | 12 | Extreme |
| Dec | 13 | Extreme |
Air quality in Peñalolén in February
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where February falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Peñalolén is worst in July — around 108 µg/m³ PM2.5 (unhealthy), about 3.9× the cleanest month (December, 28 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 30 | 31 | 41 | 56 | 80 | 96 | 108 | 95 | 78 | 55 | 35 | 28 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Poor | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Poor | Poor | Moderate |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 30 | Moderate |
| Feb | 31 | Moderate |
| Mar | 41 | Poor |
| Apr | 56 | Unhealthy |
| May | 80 | Unhealthy |
| Jun | 96 | Unhealthy |
| Jul | 108 | Unhealthy |
| Aug | 95 | Unhealthy |
| Sep | 78 | Unhealthy |
| Oct | 55 | Poor |
| Nov | 35 | Poor |
| Dec | 28 | Moderate |
Where is Peñalolén?
Peñalolén sits at 33.5°S, 70.5°W, 710 m above sea level, in Chile. The nearest listed city is Ñuñoa, 5.0 km away.
Topography around Peñalolén
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Peñalolén.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Peñalolén has large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 763 m around an average of 769 m above sea level; within 16 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 2,741 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 6,465 m.
The land around Peñalolén is covered by artificial surfaces (55%) and trees (20%) within 3 km, artificial surfaces (40%) and shrubs (25%) within 16 km, and bare terrain (32%) and shrubs (24%) within 80 km.
Chile travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / F / L
- 220 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 48% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $17,995
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.3 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 98%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 6.3
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 14.9
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- English
- Moderate
- EF EPI 517
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Peñalolén (-33.4684°, -70.5341°, elevation 710 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).