Vicuña weather in November
In November, Vicuña sees average daytime highs of 20°C and overnight lows near 12°C, with 12 mm of rain across 3.2 wet days and about 13.5 hours of daylight. It is the 5th-warmest and 9th-wettest month of the year here.
Highs climb over the month, from about 19°C in the first days to 20°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 82% of the time in November, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 13 h 12 min at the start of November to 13 h 48 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, November is Vicuña's 5th-clearest and 2nd-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Vicuña's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 20°
- 5th warmest
- Overnight low
- 12°
- 8th coldest
- Rainfall
- 12 mm
- 3.2 wet days
- Daylight
- 13 h 30 min
- 6:42 AM – 8:14 PM
- Cloud cover
- 19%
- 5th clearest
- Wind
- 5 km/h
- 2nd windiest
- Solar energy
- 8.2 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 8.0
- out of 10
Vicuña is settlement in Chile.
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in November
Highs climb over the month, from about 19°C in the first days to 20°C by the end.
A typical November day in Vicuña reaches about 20°C in the afternoon and slips back to 12°C overnight — a 8°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 17°C and 22°C. Set against its neighbours, November runs about 2°C warmer than October and about 2°C cooler than December.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 21 | 21 |
| Avg low (°C) | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 19 | 11 |
| 2 | 19 | 11 |
| 3 | 19 | 11 |
| 4 | 19 | 11 |
| 5 | 19 | 11 |
| 6 | 19 | 11 |
| 7 | 19 | 11 |
| 8 | 19 | 11 |
| 9 | 19 | 11 |
| 10 | 19 | 11 |
| 11 | 19 | 11 |
| 12 | 20 | 11 |
| 13 | 20 | 11 |
| 14 | 20 | 12 |
| 15 | 20 | 12 |
| 16 | 20 | 12 |
| 17 | 20 | 12 |
| 18 | 20 | 12 |
| 19 | 20 | 12 |
| 20 | 20 | 12 |
| 21 | 20 | 12 |
| 22 | 20 | 12 |
| 23 | 20 | 12 |
| 24 | 20 | 12 |
| 25 | 20 | 12 |
| 26 | 20 | 12 |
| 27 | 20 | 13 |
| 28 | 20 | 13 |
| 29 | 21 | 13 |
| 30 | 21 | 13 |
Vicuña weather by month
How November compares with the rest of the year at a glance. November is the 5th-warmest and 9th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 22° / 15° | 10 | 3.6 | 0 | 13.7 | 8.5 |
| Feb | 22° / 15° | 9 | 3.6 | 0 | 13.1 | 8.5 |
| Mar | 21° / 13° | 13 | 2.6 | 0 | 12.2 | 8.5 |
| Apr | 19° / 10° | 16 | 3.1 | 0 | 11.3 | 7.8 |
| May | 16° / 6° | 33 | 4.4 | 0.7 | 10.5 | 6.2 |
| Jun | 14° / 2° | 47 | 4.6 | 1.8 | 10.1 | 4.7 |
| Jul | 13° / 0° | 40 | 5 | 2.2 | 10.3 | 4.4 |
| Aug | 14° / 2° | 40 | 4.7 | 1.7 | 10.9 | 5.1 |
| Sep | 16° / 5° | 27 | 5.4 | 0.7 | 11.8 | 6.0 |
| Oct | 18° / 9° | 23 | 4.8 | 0.2 | 12.7 | 7.1 |
| Nov | 20° / 12° | 12 | 3.2 | 0 | 13.5 | 8.0 |
| Dec | 21° / 14° | 9 | 2.6 | 0 | 13.9 | 8.6 |
Cloud cover in November
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 82% of the time in November.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 8% of November, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 11%. Skies tend to open up as the month goes on.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 83 | 83 | 84 | 84 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 86 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 88 | 89 | 89 | 89 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 92 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 |
| Cloudier (%) | 17 | 17 | 16 | 16 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 83 | 17 |
| 2 | 83 | 17 |
| 3 | 84 | 16 |
| 4 | 84 | 16 |
| 5 | 85 | 15 |
| 6 | 85 | 15 |
| 7 | 85 | 15 |
| 8 | 86 | 14 |
| 9 | 87 | 13 |
| 10 | 87 | 13 |
| 11 | 87 | 13 |
| 12 | 88 | 12 |
| 13 | 89 | 11 |
| 14 | 89 | 11 |
| 15 | 89 | 11 |
| 16 | 91 | 9 |
| 17 | 91 | 9 |
| 18 | 91 | 9 |
| 19 | 91 | 9 |
| 20 | 92 | 8 |
| 21 | 93 | 7 |
| 22 | 93 | 7 |
| 23 | 93 | 7 |
| 24 | 93 | 7 |
| 25 | 94 | 6 |
| 26 | 94 | 6 |
| 27 | 94 | 6 |
| 28 | 94 | 6 |
| 29 | 94 | 6 |
| 30 | 94 | 6 |
Chance of precipitation in November
Vicuña gets around 12 mm of rain over 3.2 wet days in November. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 11% and peaks near 12% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 12 |
| 2 | 12 |
| 3 | 12 |
| 4 | 12 |
| 5 | 12 |
| 6 | 12 |
| 7 | 12 |
| 8 | 12 |
| 9 | 12 |
| 10 | 12 |
| 11 | 12 |
| 12 | 12 |
| 13 | 12 |
| 14 | 12 |
| 15 | 12 |
| 16 | 11 |
| 17 | 11 |
| 18 | 11 |
| 19 | 10 |
| 20 | 10 |
| 21 | 9 |
| 22 | 9 |
| 23 | 9 |
| 24 | 9 |
| 25 | 8 |
| 26 | 8 |
| 27 | 8 |
| 28 | 8 |
| 29 | 8 |
| 30 | 8 |
Humidity in November
Most of November feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, November lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
| 29 | 100 |
| 30 | 100 |
Wind in November
Winds average 5 km/h in November.
Across November, daily wind ranges from about 5 km/h on the calmest days to 5 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5 | calm |
| 2 | 5 | calm |
| 3 | 5 | calm |
| 4 | 5 | calm |
| 5 | 5 | calm |
| 6 | 5 | calm |
| 7 | 5 | calm |
| 8 | 5 | calm |
| 9 | 5 | calm |
| 10 | 5 | calm |
| 11 | 5 | calm |
| 12 | 5 | calm |
| 13 | 5 | calm |
| 14 | 5 | calm |
| 15 | 5 | calm |
| 16 | 5 | calm |
| 17 | 5 | calm |
| 18 | 5 | calm |
| 19 | 5 | calm |
| 20 | 5 | calm |
| 21 | 5 | calm |
| 22 | 5 | calm |
| 23 | 5 | calm |
| 24 | 5 | calm |
| 25 | 5 | calm |
| 26 | 5 | calm |
| 27 | 5 | calm |
| 28 | 5 | calm |
| 29 | 5 | calm |
| 30 | 5 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in November
Daylight runs from about 13 h 12 min at the start of November to 13 h 48 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 36 minutes over November. Sunrise moves from 6:51 AM to 6:39 AM, and sunset from 8:02 PM to 8:26 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 13.2 | 13.2 | 13.2 | 13.3 | 13.3 | 13.3 | 13.3 | 13.4 | 13.4 | 13.4 | 13.4 | 13.5 | 13.5 | 13.5 | 13.5 | 13.5 | 13.6 | 13.6 | 13.6 | 13.6 | 13.6 | 13.7 | 13.7 | 13.7 | 13.7 | 13.7 | 13.7 | 13.8 | 13.8 | 13.8 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:51 | 6:50 | 6:49 | 6:49 | 6:48 | 6:47 | 6:47 | 6:46 | 6:45 | 6:45 | 6:44 | 6:44 | 6:43 | 6:43 | 6:42 | 6:42 | 6:42 | 6:41 | 6:41 | 6:41 | 6:40 | 6:40 | 6:40 | 6:40 | 6:39 | 6:39 | 6:39 | 6:39 | 6:39 | 6:39 |
| Sunset (PM) | 8:02 | 8:03 | 8:04 | 8:04 | 8:05 | 8:06 | 8:07 | 8:08 | 8:08 | 8:09 | 8:10 | 8:11 | 8:12 | 8:13 | 8:13 | 8:14 | 8:15 | 8:16 | 8:17 | 8:18 | 8:18 | 8:19 | 8:20 | 8:21 | 8:22 | 8:22 | 8:23 | 8:24 | 8:25 | 8:26 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 13.2 | 6:51 | 8:02 |
| 2 | 13.2 | 6:50 | 8:03 |
| 3 | 13.2 | 6:49 | 8:04 |
| 4 | 13.3 | 6:49 | 8:04 |
| 5 | 13.3 | 6:48 | 8:05 |
| 6 | 13.3 | 6:47 | 8:06 |
| 7 | 13.3 | 6:47 | 8:07 |
| 8 | 13.4 | 6:46 | 8:08 |
| 9 | 13.4 | 6:45 | 8:08 |
| 10 | 13.4 | 6:45 | 8:09 |
| 11 | 13.4 | 6:44 | 8:10 |
| 12 | 13.5 | 6:44 | 8:11 |
| 13 | 13.5 | 6:43 | 8:12 |
| 14 | 13.5 | 6:43 | 8:13 |
| 15 | 13.5 | 6:42 | 8:13 |
| 16 | 13.5 | 6:42 | 8:14 |
| 17 | 13.6 | 6:42 | 8:15 |
| 18 | 13.6 | 6:41 | 8:16 |
| 19 | 13.6 | 6:41 | 8:17 |
| 20 | 13.6 | 6:41 | 8:18 |
| 21 | 13.6 | 6:40 | 8:18 |
| 22 | 13.7 | 6:40 | 8:19 |
| 23 | 13.7 | 6:40 | 8:20 |
| 24 | 13.7 | 6:40 | 8:21 |
| 25 | 13.7 | 6:39 | 8:22 |
| 26 | 13.7 | 6:39 | 8:22 |
| 27 | 13.7 | 6:39 | 8:23 |
| 28 | 13.8 | 6:39 | 8:24 |
| 29 | 13.8 | 6:39 | 8:25 |
| 30 | 13.8 | 6:39 | 8:26 |
Solar energy in November
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in November, about 8.2 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 3.29 kWh/m² to a high of 8.67 kWh/m² in December across the year — November's 8.2 kWh/m² sits near the top of that range.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 7.7 | 7.7 | 7.8 | 7.8 | 7.8 | 7.9 | 7.9 | 7.9 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.1 | 8.1 | 8.1 | 8.2 | 8.2 | 8.3 | 8.3 | 8.3 | 8.3 | 8.4 | 8.4 | 8.4 | 8.4 | 8.5 | 8.5 | 8.5 | 8.5 | 8.5 | 8.5 | 8.5 |
| Level | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 7.7 | Intense |
| 2 | 7.7 | Intense |
| 3 | 7.8 | Intense |
| 4 | 7.8 | Intense |
| 5 | 7.8 | Intense |
| 6 | 7.9 | Intense |
| 7 | 7.9 | Intense |
| 8 | 7.9 | Intense |
| 9 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 10 | 8.0 | Intense |
| 11 | 8.1 | Intense |
| 12 | 8.1 | Intense |
| 13 | 8.1 | Intense |
| 14 | 8.2 | Intense |
| 15 | 8.2 | Intense |
| 16 | 8.3 | Intense |
| 17 | 8.3 | Intense |
| 18 | 8.3 | Intense |
| 19 | 8.3 | Intense |
| 20 | 8.4 | Intense |
| 21 | 8.4 | Intense |
| 22 | 8.4 | Intense |
| 23 | 8.4 | Intense |
| 24 | 8.5 | Intense |
| 25 | 8.5 | Intense |
| 26 | 8.5 | Intense |
| 27 | 8.5 | Intense |
| 28 | 8.5 | Intense |
| 29 | 8.5 | Intense |
| 30 | 8.5 | Intense |
Is November a good time to visit Vicuña?
Our two travel scores rate November for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
November is one of the better times to visit Vicuña for general sightseeing.
What to pack for Vicuña in November
From November's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In November, Vicuña sees daytime highs around 20°C and nights near 12°C. Pack sun protection. About 3 days see rain.
Sea temperature near Vicuña in November
The nearest coast averages about 14°C in November — the other half of the beach question. The full-year curve and swim-comfort zones are below.
The sea at the nearest coast (about 65 km away) is warmest in February at about 17°C and coldest in August near 13°C.
The water stays below 20°C all year — cool enough that most swimmers want a wetsuit.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sea temperature (°C) | 17 | 17 | 17 | 16 | 15 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 15 |
| Comfort | Cool | Cool | Cool | Cool | Bracing | Bracing | Bracing | Bracing | Bracing | Bracing | Bracing | Cool |
| Sea temperature (°C) | Comfort | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 17 | Cool |
| Feb | 17 | Cool |
| Mar | 17 | Cool |
| Apr | 16 | Cool |
| May | 15 | Bracing |
| Jun | 14 | Bracing |
| Jul | 13 | Bracing |
| Aug | 13 | Bracing |
| Sep | 13 | Bracing |
| Oct | 14 | Bracing |
| Nov | 14 | Bracing |
| Dec | 15 | Cool |
UV index in Vicuña in November
Clear-sky midday UV in November peaks around 13 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Vicuña peaks around January 20 at about 15 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near June 19 at about 4 (moderate).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 15 | 15 | 12 | 7 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 12 | 13 | 14 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | High | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | High | Very high | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 15 | Extreme |
| Feb | 15 | Extreme |
| Mar | 12 | Extreme |
| Apr | 7 | High |
| May | 5 | Moderate |
| Jun | 4 | Moderate |
| Jul | 4 | Moderate |
| Aug | 6 | High |
| Sep | 8 | Very high |
| Oct | 12 | Extreme |
| Nov | 13 | Extreme |
| Dec | 14 | Extreme |
Where is Vicuña?
Vicuña sits at 30.0°S, 70.7°W, 616 m above sea level, in Chile. The nearest listed city is La Serena, 54 km away.
Topography around Vicuña
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Vicuña.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Vicuña has large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 615 m around an average of 709 m above sea level; within 16 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 3,066 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 6,071 m.
The land around Vicuña is covered by bare terrain (48%) within 3 km, bare terrain (49%) and grassland (34%) within 16 km, and bare terrain (55%) and grassland (29%) within 80 km.
Chile travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / F / L
- 220 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 48% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $17,995
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.3 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 98%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 6.3
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 14.9
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- English
- Moderate
- EF EPI 517
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Vicuña (-30.0354°, -70.7127°, elevation 616 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. Sea temperatures are the NOAA OISST v2.1 1991–2020 monthly climatology (public domain), sampled at the nearest ocean point. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).