Lubero weather in February
In February, Lubero sees average daytime highs of 23°C and overnight lows near 14°C, with 416 mm of rain across 17.8 wet days and about 12 hours of daylight. It is the 1st-warmest and 9th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 23°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 7% of the time in February, and the air most often feels comfortable.
Daylight stretches from about 12 hours at the start of February to 12 hours by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Lubero's 6th-clearest and 3rd-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Lubero's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 23°
- 1st warmest
- Overnight low
- 14°
- 7th coldest
- Rainfall
- 416 mm
- 17.8 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 hours
- 6:17 AM – 6:18 PM
- Cloud cover
- 80%
- 6th clearest
- Wind
- 5 km/h
- 3rd windiest
- Solar energy
- 6.03 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 5.0
- out of 10
Temperature in February
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 23°C through the month.
A typical February day in Lubero reaches about 23°C in the afternoon and slips back to 14°C overnight — a 9°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 21°C and 25°C. Set against its neighbours, February runs on par with January and on par with March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 |
| Avg low (°C) | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 23 | 14 |
| 2 | 23 | 14 |
| 3 | 23 | 14 |
| 4 | 23 | 14 |
| 5 | 23 | 14 |
| 6 | 23 | 14 |
| 7 | 23 | 14 |
| 8 | 23 | 14 |
| 9 | 23 | 14 |
| 10 | 23 | 14 |
| 11 | 23 | 14 |
| 12 | 23 | 14 |
| 13 | 23 | 14 |
| 14 | 23 | 14 |
| 15 | 23 | 14 |
| 16 | 23 | 14 |
| 17 | 23 | 14 |
| 18 | 23 | 14 |
| 19 | 23 | 14 |
| 20 | 23 | 14 |
| 21 | 23 | 14 |
| 22 | 23 | 14 |
| 23 | 23 | 14 |
| 24 | 23 | 14 |
| 25 | 23 | 14 |
| 26 | 23 | 14 |
| 27 | 23 | 14 |
| 28 | 23 | 14 |
Lubero weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 1st-warmest and 9th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 22° / 14° | 473 | 21.3 | 12 | 4.8 |
| Feb | 23° / 14° | 416 | 17.8 | 12 | 5.0 |
| Mar | 23° / 15° | 694 | 24.1 | 12 | 4.4 |
| Apr | 22° / 15° | 663 | 25.9 | 12 | 3.9 |
| May | 22° / 15° | 407 | 24.9 | 12 | 4.3 |
| Jun | 21° / 14° | 290 | 18.9 | 12 | 5.0 |
| Jul | 21° / 13° | 289 | 18.8 | 12 | 5.1 |
| Aug | 22° / 14° | 428 | 22.9 | 12 | 4.5 |
| Sep | 22° / 14° | 596 | 22.8 | 12 | 4.4 |
| Oct | 22° / 14° | 829 | 26.6 | 12 | 3.9 |
| Nov | 22° / 14° | 782 | 26.1 | 12 | 3.8 |
| Dec | 22° / 14° | 618 | 24.4 | 12 | 4.3 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 7% of the time in February.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 11% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 83%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 21 | 21 | 20 | 20 | 19 | 19 | 18 | 18 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 13 |
| Cloudier (%) | 78 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 79 | 79 | 80 | 80 | 81 | 81 | 82 | 82 | 84 | 84 | 84 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 87 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 22 | 78 |
| 2 | 22 | 78 |
| 3 | 22 | 78 |
| 4 | 22 | 78 |
| 5 | 22 | 78 |
| 6 | 21 | 79 |
| 7 | 21 | 79 |
| 8 | 20 | 80 |
| 9 | 20 | 80 |
| 10 | 19 | 81 |
| 11 | 19 | 81 |
| 12 | 18 | 82 |
| 13 | 18 | 82 |
| 14 | 16 | 84 |
| 15 | 16 | 84 |
| 16 | 16 | 84 |
| 17 | 15 | 85 |
| 18 | 15 | 85 |
| 19 | 15 | 85 |
| 20 | 15 | 85 |
| 21 | 15 | 85 |
| 22 | 15 | 85 |
| 23 | 14 | 86 |
| 24 | 14 | 86 |
| 25 | 14 | 86 |
| 26 | 14 | 86 |
| 27 | 14 | 86 |
| 28 | 13 | 87 |
Chance of precipitation in February
Lubero gets around 416 mm of rain over 17.8 wet days in February. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 64% and peaks near 73% on the wettest days. The odds climb toward the end of the month.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 62 | 62 | 61 | 61 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 59 | 59 | 59 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 61 | 62 | 63 | 64 | 65 | 66 | 67 | 68 | 69 | 70 | 71 | 72 | 72 | 73 | 73 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 62 |
| 2 | 62 |
| 3 | 61 |
| 4 | 61 |
| 5 | 60 |
| 6 | 60 |
| 7 | 60 |
| 8 | 59 |
| 9 | 59 |
| 10 | 59 |
| 11 | 60 |
| 12 | 60 |
| 13 | 60 |
| 14 | 61 |
| 15 | 62 |
| 16 | 63 |
| 17 | 64 |
| 18 | 65 |
| 19 | 66 |
| 20 | 67 |
| 21 | 68 |
| 22 | 69 |
| 23 | 70 |
| 24 | 71 |
| 25 | 72 |
| 26 | 72 |
| 27 | 73 |
| 28 | 73 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels comfortable — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the comfortable band about 66% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 19 | 19 | 18 | 18 | 17 | 17 | 16 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 |
| Comfortable (%) | 65 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 66 | 66 | 67 | 66 | 67 | 66 | 67 | 67 | 66 | 66 | 66 | 66 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 65 |
| Humid (%) | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | Humid (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 20 | 65 | 15 |
| 2 | 20 | 65 | 15 |
| 3 | 20 | 65 | 15 |
| 4 | 20 | 65 | 15 |
| 5 | 20 | 65 | 15 |
| 6 | 20 | 65 | 15 |
| 7 | 20 | 65 | 15 |
| 8 | 20 | 65 | 15 |
| 9 | 20 | 65 | 15 |
| 10 | 20 | 65 | 15 |
| 11 | 20 | 65 | 15 |
| 12 | 19 | 66 | 15 |
| 13 | 19 | 66 | 15 |
| 14 | 18 | 67 | 15 |
| 15 | 18 | 66 | 16 |
| 16 | 17 | 67 | 16 |
| 17 | 17 | 66 | 17 |
| 18 | 16 | 67 | 17 |
| 19 | 15 | 67 | 18 |
| 20 | 15 | 66 | 19 |
| 21 | 14 | 66 | 20 |
| 22 | 13 | 66 | 21 |
| 23 | 12 | 66 | 22 |
| 24 | 12 | 65 | 23 |
| 25 | 11 | 65 | 24 |
| 26 | 10 | 65 | 25 |
| 27 | 9 | 65 | 26 |
| 28 | 8 | 65 | 27 |
Wind in February
Winds average 5 km/h in February.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 5 km/h on the calmest days to 5 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5 | calm |
| 2 | 5 | calm |
| 3 | 5 | calm |
| 4 | 5 | calm |
| 5 | 5 | calm |
| 6 | 5 | calm |
| 7 | 5 | calm |
| 8 | 5 | calm |
| 9 | 5 | calm |
| 10 | 5 | calm |
| 11 | 5 | calm |
| 12 | 5 | calm |
| 13 | 5 | calm |
| 14 | 5 | calm |
| 15 | 5 | calm |
| 16 | 5 | calm |
| 17 | 5 | calm |
| 18 | 5 | calm |
| 19 | 5 | calm |
| 20 | 5 | calm |
| 21 | 5 | calm |
| 22 | 5 | calm |
| 23 | 5 | calm |
| 24 | 5 | calm |
| 25 | 5 | calm |
| 26 | 5 | calm |
| 27 | 5 | calm |
| 28 | 5 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 12 hours at the start of February to 12 hours by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 0 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 6:16 AM to 6:16 AM, and sunset from 6:17 PM to 6:17 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:16 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:16 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:18 | 6:18 | 6:18 | 6:18 | 6:18 | 6:18 | 6:18 | 6:18 | 6:18 | 6:18 | 6:18 | 6:18 | 6:18 | 6:18 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:17 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12.0 | 6:16 | 6:17 |
| 2 | 12.0 | 6:17 | 6:17 |
| 3 | 12.0 | 6:17 | 6:17 |
| 4 | 12.0 | 6:17 | 6:17 |
| 5 | 12.0 | 6:17 | 6:17 |
| 6 | 12.0 | 6:17 | 6:17 |
| 7 | 12.0 | 6:17 | 6:18 |
| 8 | 12.0 | 6:17 | 6:18 |
| 9 | 12.0 | 6:17 | 6:18 |
| 10 | 12.0 | 6:17 | 6:18 |
| 11 | 12.0 | 6:17 | 6:18 |
| 12 | 12.0 | 6:17 | 6:18 |
| 13 | 12.0 | 6:17 | 6:18 |
| 14 | 12.0 | 6:17 | 6:18 |
| 15 | 12.0 | 6:17 | 6:18 |
| 16 | 12.0 | 6:17 | 6:18 |
| 17 | 12.0 | 6:17 | 6:18 |
| 18 | 12.0 | 6:17 | 6:18 |
| 19 | 12.0 | 6:17 | 6:18 |
| 20 | 12.0 | 6:17 | 6:18 |
| 21 | 12.0 | 6:17 | 6:17 |
| 22 | 12.0 | 6:17 | 6:17 |
| 23 | 12.0 | 6:17 | 6:17 |
| 24 | 12.0 | 6:17 | 6:17 |
| 25 | 12.0 | 6:17 | 6:17 |
| 26 | 12.0 | 6:17 | 6:17 |
| 27 | 12.0 | 6:17 | 6:17 |
| 28 | 12.0 | 6:16 | 6:17 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 6.03 kWh/m² — the sunniest month for solar.
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 5.1 kWh/m² to a high of 6.03 kWh/m² in February across the year — February's 6.03 kWh/m² sits near the top of that range.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 6.0 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 |
| Level | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 2 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 3 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 4 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 5 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 6 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 7 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 8 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 9 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 10 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 11 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 12 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 13 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 14 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 15 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 16 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 17 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 18 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 19 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 20 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 21 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 22 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 23 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 24 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 25 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 26 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 27 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 28 | 6.0 | Bright |
Is February a good time to visit Lubero?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is a reasonable time to visit Lubero for sightseeing.
What to pack for Lubero in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, Lubero sees daytime highs around 23°C and nights near 14°C. Pack rain gear and sun protection. Worth having: light clothes. About 18 days see rain.
UV index in Lubero in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 15 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Lubero peaks around March 16 at about 16 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near July 12 at about 10 (extreme).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 10 | 15 | 16 | 15 | 12 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 14 | 14 | 12 | 11 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 10 | Extreme |
| Feb | 15 | Extreme |
| Mar | 16 | Extreme |
| Apr | 15 | Extreme |
| May | 12 | Extreme |
| Jun | 10 | Extreme |
| Jul | 10 | Very high |
| Aug | 11 | Extreme |
| Sep | 14 | Extreme |
| Oct | 14 | Extreme |
| Nov | 12 | Extreme |
| Dec | 11 | Extreme |
Air quality in Lubero in February
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where February falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Lubero is worst in February — around 52 µg/m³ PM2.5 (poor), about 2.2× the cleanest month (October, 24 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 48 | 52 | 35 | 27 | 28 | 34 | 43 | 32 | 26 | 24 | 25 | 36 |
| Level | Poor | Poor | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Poor | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Poor |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 48 | Poor |
| Feb | 52 | Poor |
| Mar | 35 | Moderate |
| Apr | 27 | Moderate |
| May | 28 | Moderate |
| Jun | 34 | Moderate |
| Jul | 43 | Poor |
| Aug | 32 | Moderate |
| Sep | 26 | Moderate |
| Oct | 24 | Moderate |
| Nov | 25 | Moderate |
| Dec | 36 | Poor |
Where is Lubero?
Lubero sits at 0.2°S, 29.2°E, 1,871 m above sea level, in Democratic Republic of the Congo. The nearest listed city is Katwa, 29 km away.
Topography around Lubero
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Lubero.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Lubero has significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 577 m around an average of 1,981 m above sea level; within 16 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,454 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 2,681 m.
The land around Lubero is covered by trees (45%) and grassland (23%) within 3 km, trees (53%) and grassland (24%) within 16 km, and trees (61%) and grassland (24%) within 80 km.
Democratic Republic of the Congo travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 4
- Do Not Travel
- Power plugs
- Type C / E
- 220 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 42% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $807
- 2025
- Happiness
- 3.8 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 12%
- of population, 2024
- Road deaths
- 34.9
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Low
- World Bank
- English
- Very low
- EF EPI 400
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Lubero (-0.1584°, 29.2386°, elevation 1,871 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).